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Polaszek, Andrew, Lahey, Zachary, Woolley, James B. (2020): Noyesaphytis (Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae) - an unusual new genus from Madagascar, and a reassessment of Aphelininae classification based on morphology. Journal of Natural History 54 (9): 647-664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1773559

Chartocerus hebes Girault, 1929 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B7FBF276-AEC1-4F17-85CD-BA04AED6564E EOL taxon ID: 848102 (Figure 8; DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3893739) Girault (1929), as Matritia hebes (original description). Dahms (1984, p. 682): notes on type material. Type material. LECTOTYPE female [here designated]: QM T4416, slide, with 1 female (‘Hy.235 | Matritia hebes Girault | also wing ♀ cotype | Ent. Div. Dep. Ag. & Stk., Qld. 4416’). PARALECTOTYPES: 5 females. In the original description, Girault mentions ‘three females from spider eggs in a leafnest, Tasmania’ (Girault 1929, p. 311), but based on the labels and the fact the QM specimens are also labelled as ‘cotypes’, Dahms (1984) indicated the type series was actually composed of six specimens, considered syntypes. He reported on material at two institutions: 1 slide at SAM containing 3 females (Label: ‘ TYPE | Matritia hebes Girault | type ♀ S. Aus. Mus. Ent. Div. Dep. Ag. & Stk., Qld.’), plus 1 card and 1 slide labelled as cotypes at QM. The card contains 2 females and a glue spot where a third specimen (likely the slide one) was attached, labelled ‘ Tasmania || From eggs of spider in leaf nest || 4416 || Matritia hebes Girault | Cotype ♀ ’s | T 246546 (left), T 246547 (center)’, and the data from the QM material matches the original description. The slide-mounted female at QM (T 4416) is here designated as lectotype, and the slide has been labelled accordingly. Description. Female. Body dark, legs also dark, but posterior part of fore leg and apical part of metatibia lighter, tarsi yellowish. Wing infuscation differs from other species of Chartocerus because the apical part is darker than the basal part, with darkened areas extending below the stigmal vein. Head round in frontal view with deep punctations along inner margin of eyes, scattered on face and genae. Scape about 3× as long as wide, pedicel about 2× as long as wide, ring segments in ratios of 4:2:2:1, clava about 5× as long as wide. Scutellum about 1/3 of length of scutum. Fore wing with 2 setae on submarginal vein, 1 costal seta, 6 setae on marginal vein. Basitarsus of mid leg about 1/3 of length of mid leg. The propodeum and Mt1 were not cleared well enough in this preparation to be visualised; the same applies to the setation of the mesoscutum and scutellum., Published as part of Molin, Ana Dal & Woolley, James B., 2020, Notes on types of Australian Chartocerus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 681-702 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on pages 693-696, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1785573, http://zenodo.org/record/4290435, {"references":["Girault AA. 1929. Notes on, and descriptions of, chalcid wasps in the South Australian Museum. Concluding paper. Trans R Soc South Aust. 53: 309 - 346.","Dahms EC. 1984. A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: III. Chalcidoidea species F-M with advisory notes. Mem Queensland Mus. 21: 579 - 842."]}

Chartocerus australiensis Ashmead, 1900 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7C9C7FB7-7B69-4477-9F7B-9AC18FB66A2A EOL taxon ID: 847913 (Figure 1; DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3893692) Ashmead (1900, p. 410), as Signiphora australiensis (original description). Girault (1913a): notes on type material, descriptive notes, host record, distribution record. Girault (1915): notes (republished from 1913a). Type material. LECTOTYPE female [here designated]: USNM Type No. 4771, mounted in balsam. ‘ Signiphora | australiensis Ash. | ♀ Type no. | 4771. USNM | Australia. | Koebele. 12.’ The original description does not provide further information. PARALECTOTYPE females: two specimens on same slide with same label data. Girault (1913a) redescribed the type material, having remounted the specimens on slides. The slide locality label is in Girault’s handwriting. One of the three females is damaged, embedded in resin that leaked outside of the coverslip. The head is detached from one of the other females (but it bears a complete antenna), and it is next to the third female. We here designate the female with detached head as lectotype, and the slide has been labelled accordingly. Description. Females. Length (pronotum to apex of epiproct): 0.5–0.8 mm (n = 3). Body predominantly dark, originally described as black with metallic tones, scutellum ‘with a bluish tinge’ and mesonotum ‘with a bronzy tinge’. It is perceptible in the type slide that the scutellum is slightly darker than most of the mesoscutum, metanotum and medial area of propodeum. Head dark, as in pronotum and most of metasoma, antennal clava and anelli lighter than pedicel and scape. Legs tan, lateroposterior part of protibia and mesotibia lighter, tarsi white. Fore wings infuscated, darker patch extending from base to apex of stigmal vein, lighter infuscation on apex, and two hyaline patches: one at basalposterior area, and one posterior to stigma vein, slightly curved towards base of wing. Head sculpture punctate and longitudinally striate, more conspicuous punctations along outer margin of antennal scrobes and inner margins of eyes, 1.3× as wide as high. Antennal scrobes well defined, extending through 3/4 of height of head. Other sulci absent. Eyes large, glabrous, about 2/3 of head height. Antenna with 4 anelli (1:1:1:1.2), clava 5× as long as wide, scape about ¾ length of clava; pedicel about 1/3 length of clava. Pronotum through metanotum striate or striate to reticulate, fainter in scutellum and metanotum; pronotum barely visible dorsally in the specimen; mesoscutum about 3.5× longer than scutellum, with about 13–15 small setae, most closer to medial-posterior area, scutellum with 7 setae aligned in parallel with posterior margin plus 1 larger seta on top of each axilla; internally marked axillae project anteriorly from scutellum to about ½ of mesoscutum; metanotum about 2/3 length of scutellum; medial triangle of propodeum finely reticulate. Protibia about 2/3 of length of mesotibia. Mesofemur with 3 large apical spines; mesobasitarsus a little more than 1/3 length of mesotibia, mesotibial spur about 2/ 3 of length of basitarsus; metatibia as long as mesotibia. Apex of medial sclerite of propodeum curved, reaching posterior margin of propodeal segment. Propodeal segment reaches but does not overlap the area between the lobes of Mt1. Fore wings about 2.5× as long as wide; longest setae of marginal fringe about ¼ of wing width; discal seta absent, 1 seta in submarginal vein; seta M1 absent; 5 small setae in basal area. Hind wings 4× as long as wide, longest setae of marginal fringe about ½ maximum width of wing; discal seta present; 2 setae on base of marginal vein. Mt1 bilobed, with slightly curved connection between the two lobes. Imbricate sculpture evident on tergites. Plates of ovipositor almost reach base of gaster. Biology. In the original description, Ashmead mentions an unidentified ‘rhynchotan’ (i.e. Hemiptera) as host. Girault (1913a) reported on another slide (USNM: not located) ‘Acanthococcid on Eucalyptus ’ from Koebele material collected in New South Wales., Published as part of Molin, Ana Dal & Woolley, James B., 2020, Notes on types of Australian Chartocerus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 681-702 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on pages 683-685, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1785573, http://zenodo.org/record/4290435, {"references":["Ashmead WH. 1900. On the genera of the chalcid-flies belonging to the subfamily Encyrtinae. Proc US Natl Mus. 22: 323 - 412. doi: 10.5479 / si. 00963801.22 - 1202.323.","Girault AA. 1913 a. A systematic monograph of the chalcidoid Hymenoptera of the subfamily Signiphorinae. Proc US Natl Mus. 45: 189 - 233. doi: 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1977.189.","Girault AA. 1915. Australian Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea - VII. The family Encyrtidae with descriptions of new genera and species. Mem Queensland Mus. 4: 1 - 184."]}

Chartocerus ruskini Girault, 1921 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: ED82C36C-9356-4A7F-AC82-C5E0103EAD62 EOL taxon ID: 847839 (Figure 10; DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3893747) Girault (1921, p. 188), as Signiphora ruskini (original description). Dahms (1986, p. 491): notes on type material. Type material. Holotype female, QM T4406, on a slide in bad condition, labelled: ‘ Lathromeroidea nigrella ♂,♀, Anaphoidea linnaei 2 ♀’s, Signiphora ruskini Gir. Type. ♀ 4406 | (red label) 4406). There are several coverslip fragments with several other damaged specimens, some of which do not appear to be listed on the label. The slide does not have date information, but in the original description, Girault indicates ‘Nelson, forest, 6 March 1919 ’. The propodeal sclerite was dissected; head, legs, wings and antennae were also separated. The head is broken and partially under a corner of the coverslip that is cracked. Description. Female. Length ~ 0.6 mm. Body mostly brown; scutellum, mesoscutum and pronotum slightly lighter than metasoma (the propodeum was dissected, so it appears lighter); the legs were removed, but were described as orange. Fore wing infuscation darker from base to under seta M4; remainder of wing lightly infuscated except for a hyaline basal area posteriorly and the very apex. Face striate, frontovertex with punctations more evident. Scutellum a little less than ½ length of mesoscutum. The fore wing setation seems to be similar to other Chartocerus but is slightly obscured. Fore wing 2.7× as long as wide, marginal fringe as long as slightly less than ½ maximum wing width. Mt1 bilobed., Published as part of Molin, Ana Dal & Woolley, James B., 2020, Notes on types of Australian Chartocerus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 681-702 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on pages 697-698, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1785573, http://zenodo.org/record/4290435, {"references":["Girault AA. 1921. Miscellaneous species of Chalcid-flies from Australia (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus. 9: 186 - 191.","Dahms EC. 1986. A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: IV. Chalcidoidea species N-Z and Genera with advisory notes plus addenda and corrigenda. Mem Queensland Mus. 22: 319 - 739."]}

Chartocerus australicus Girault, 1913 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BE035C57-4B1D-4D49-97EF-C4154DFCB0B0 EOL taxon ID: 847848 (Figure 2; DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3894025) Girault (1913a, p. 226), as Signiphora australica (original description). Dahms (1983, p. 91): notes on type material. Type material. Holotype male, QM Hy 773 (T773; T4412), under cracked resin and coverslip, along with a specimen of Aphelinoidea howardi Gir. Transcription of labels as in Dahms (1983): ‘From window of a workmen’s quarters. Sugar farm, Nelson [= Gordonvale], N.Q. XII.21.1911 ’, ‘ Signiphora australica Girault, ♂ Type, Hy/773 4412, 4412 ’, and on the reverse of the slide, ‘Queensland Museum. TYPE, Hy/773 S’. Dahms (1983) lists two other slides at the QM, one topotypical, with the date of 4 December 1911 (paratype, male) and the other without locality information, on the same slide as the type of C. australiensis orbiculatus. The original description refers only to the two males from Nelson (‘in xylol-balsam, December 4 and 21, 1911 ’) and indicates Hy 773 as the type. Dahms (1983) also states that T4412 was a duplicate QM accession number for this specimen and had been cancelled. Description. Male. Length (pronotum to apex of epiproct): 0.6 mm. Body brown; metasoma and propodeum darker than head and mesosoma; antennae, genae and clypeus slightly lighter than surrounding areas. Head approximately round in frontal view, antennal scrobes evident, clava 7× as long as wide, 3 anelli (2:2:1), pedicel 2.5× as long as wide, scape 4× as long as wide, clava 2.5× length of scape. Many structures cannot be observed. Pronotum about 8× as wide as long. The other sclerites were crushed; margins are not discernible. The wings are not visible. Median propodeal sclerite seems to be coarsely reticulated like the remainder of the metasoma. Mt1 visibly bilobed., Published as part of Molin, Ana Dal & Woolley, James B., 2020, Notes on types of Australian Chartocerus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 681-702 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on pages 685-686, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1785573, http://zenodo.org/record/4290435, {"references":["Girault AA. 1913 a. A systematic monograph of the chalcidoid Hymenoptera of the subfamily Signiphorinae. Proc US Natl Mus. 45: 189 - 233. doi: 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1977.189.","Dahms EC. 1983. A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: II. Preamble and Chalcidoidea species A-E with advisory notes. Mem Queensland Mus. 21: 1 - 255."]}

Chartocerus beethoveni Girault, 1915 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B94D903A-6262-4516-A95B-FDB8C9D0C032 EOL taxon ID: 847846 (Figure 4; DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3893696) Girault (1915, p. 71), as Signiphora beethoveni (original description). Dahms (1983, p. 119): notes on type material. Type material. Holotype female, QM Hy 2969 (T2969, T4418), QMB, Chindera, New South Wales, 9 May 1914, A.P. Dodd, ‘sweeping forest on sand-ridges near coast’. Partially crushed; medially broken. On the same slide there are parts of Tetracnemoidea secunda (Girault, 1915) (as Arhopoideus secundus Gir.). A separate label indicates ‘ Signiphora beethoveni Gir. | ♀ type | 4418 ’. Described from Chindera, New South Wales, 9 May 1914, A.P. Dodd, ‘sweeping forest on sand-ridges near coast’. It is unambiguous that T2969 refers to the S. beethoveni specimen as it is cited in the original description. Dahms (1983) states that T4418 was a duplicate QM accession number for this specimen and had been cancelled. Description. Female. Length (pronotum to apex of epiproct): 1.15 mm. Head and body appear uniformly light brown; head (frontovertex) slightly darker; fore legs and tarsi of all legs lighter brown to almost transparent. The wings are faded, mostly hyaline, but were described as with an infuscated band medially under the marginal vein. Head with frontovertex finely transversely striate, punctations typical of most Chartocerus not visible. Antennal scrobes well delimited. The morphology of the antenna is very distinctive, similar to that described for males of C. kerrichi: clava wide, ellipsoid, 3× longer than maximum width; 4 anelli (4:2:2:1), pedicel 2× as long as wide, scape 4× as long as wide and about ¾ of length of clava. Pronotum, mesoscutum, scutellum and metanotum transversally striate to finely, faintly reticulate; axillae reticulate, medial area of propodeum reticulate at lateral margins to striate medially, with cells 2–3× wider than long. Mesoscutum about 3.5× length of scutellum. Fore wing 3× as long as wide, marginal fringe slightly longer than ½ of maximum width of wing, 2 setae in submarginal vein, M1 lacking, 5 small setae in basal area of wing, 1 wing in costal cell. Mesotibia 2× as long as protibia; metatibia only slightly longer than protibia, mesofemur with 3 spines, mesobasitarsus about ½ length of mid tibia and mesotibial spur about same length of basitarsus, with 5 teeth. Mt1 bilobed., Published as part of Molin, Ana Dal & Woolley, James B., 2020, Notes on types of Australian Chartocerus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 681-702 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on pages 687-689, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1785573, http://zenodo.org/record/4290435, {"references":["Girault AA. 1915. Australian Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea - VII. The family Encyrtidae with descriptions of new genera and species. Mem Queensland Mus. 4: 1 - 184.","Dahms EC. 1983. A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: II. Preamble and Chalcidoidea species A-E with advisory notes. Mem Queensland Mus. 21: 1 - 255."]}

Chartocerus gratius (Girault, 1932), described as Matritia gratia (Girault 1932) was not examined. Dahms (1984) notes that the syntypes are in Perth (DEAP) and that the type series is a single slide containing 10 damaged syntypes of both sexes. We have not been able to examine this material. Girault’s (1932) original description states ‘From hebes. Wing 1 sans cross-band. Middle tibial spur all pale; hind fringe wing 2 ½ widest. Western Australia, on Dactylopius, L.J. Newman’., Published as part of Molin, Ana Dal & Woolley, James B., 2020, Notes on types of Australian Chartocerus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 681-702 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on page 700, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1785573, http://zenodo.org/record/4290435, {"references":["Girault AA. 1932. New lower Hymenoptera from Australia and India. Brisbane: Private publication; p. 6.","Dahms EC. 1984. A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: III. Chalcidoidea species F-M with advisory notes. Mem Queensland Mus. 21: 579 - 842."]}

Chartocerus delicatus Girault, 1933 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C9E2E3E9-6AD8-41E0-8AE2-4A8B7438EF0E EOL taxon ID: 848109 (Figure 6; DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3893702) Girault (1933, p. 2), as Matricia (sic) delicata (original description). Dahms (1983, p. 216): notes on type material. Type material. Holotype female, QM T8736; partially broken, the head and one antenna removed. Dahms (1983) mentions the slide was cracked and mended with paper, and that it contains the female holotype together with several other insects. The label data reads: ‘ Matritia delicata Girault, Type ♀ || On adhesive bracts of Passaflora [sic], Taringa, 26 November 1928 | Ent. Div. Dep. Ag. & Stk., Qld.’ The original description mentions only ‘Taringa, No. 26, 1928’. Dahms (1983) provides some more information from Girault’s unpublished manuscript: ‘One female found upon the adhesive bracts of Passaflora [= Passiflora] foetida in my home garden was the type.’ Description. Female. Length 0.74 mm. Body light brown; legs and tarsi yellowish or light brown, syntergum and ovipositor sheath seem slightly darker than the rest of the body. Wing infuscation seems to cover the entire wing; it suggests a medial hyaline area, but the infuscation only gets lighter close to the end of the stigmal vein, and then also noticeably infuscated at the apex of the wing, with another small hyaline area on the anterior portion. Head roughly rounded in frontal view; punctate sculpturing. Pronotum, mesoscutum, scutellum and metanotum transversely striate; axillae reticulate, medial area of propodeum reticulate. Mesoscutum with about 14 small setae arranged somewhat symmetrically in posterior half of mesoscutum. Scutellum with 9–10 fine setae in posterior margin of scutellum and 1 on top of each axilla. Protibia about 2/3 of length of mesotibia; mesotibia about 2/3 of length of metatibia; mesobasitarsus less than half of length of mesotibia, mesotibial spur with 5 teeth. Fore wing with 2 setae on submarginal vein, lacking M1, as described above for other Australian species of Chartocerus. Hind wing 6.5× as long as wide, marginal fringe a little less than ½ width of wing. Mt1 bilobed, although faintly visible. Remarks. Girault (1933) mentions it differs from C. australicus by shorter marginal fringe in wings, and metafemur infuscated only apically, which might have been an oversight, since several other species of Chartocerus present such a pattern., Published as part of Molin, Ana Dal & Woolley, James B., 2020, Notes on types of Australian Chartocerus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 681-702 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on pages 691-693, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1785573, http://zenodo.org/record/4290435, {"references":["Girault AA. 1933. Some beauties inhabitant not of the boudoirs of commerce but of natures bosom - new insects. Brisbane: Private publication; p. 2.","Dahms EC. 1983. A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: II. Preamble and Chalcidoidea species A-E with advisory notes. Mem Queensland Mus. 21: 1 - 255."]}

Chartocerus thusanoides Girault, 1915 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7158060D-5DCC-41FB-8D23-1A4A790FF251 EOL taxon ID: 847837 (Figure 11; DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3893753) Girault (1915, p. 71), as Signiphora thusanoides (original description). Dahms (1986, p. 588): notes on type material. Remarks. Holotype female, QM Hy 2968 (T2968), on a slide in bad condition with two coverslip fragments, labelled ‘TYPE || 4415 || (fading) Signiphora thusanoides Gir. ♀ type || Holotype Signiphora thusanoides, Gir. Det. J. B. Woolley “79”’. The specimen was crushed, with the mesosoma broken in half, but otherwise most structures are observable; the head is broken in several pieces. The other coverslip fragment contains another ♀ but there is no indication of identification. Dahms (1986) states that number T4415 was a duplicate QM accession number for this type and had been cancelled. The number QM Hy 2968 is given in the original description. Description.Female. Length about 1.4 mm. Body mostly brown, legs lighter, with apical tarsomeres of metatibia tan; posterior face of mesotibia yellowish white. The head capsule was completely crushed; some punctations are visible on the fragments of the genae. Scape 4× as long as wide, pedicel a little less than 2× as long as wide, 4 anelli (2:3:4:7). Clava about 4× as long as wide. Pronotum about 5× as wide as long, mesoscutum 2.5× longer than scutellum. Fore wing wide, 2.3× as long as wide. Hind wing about 3× as long as wide, marginal fringe about ¼ of width of mesotibia. Mt1 slightly bilobed, the two lobes very close to each other, giving Mt1 the same trapezoid appearance as propodeum. Ovipositor short, the outer plates not reaching ½ length of the metasoma., Published as part of Molin, Ana Dal & Woolley, James B., 2020, Notes on types of Australian Chartocerus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 681-702 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on pages 698-700, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1785573, http://zenodo.org/record/4290435, {"references":["Girault AA. 1915. Australian Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea - VII. The family Encyrtidae with descriptions of new genera and species. Mem Queensland Mus. 4: 1 - 184.","Dahms EC. 1986. A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: IV. Chalcidoidea species N-Z and Genera with advisory notes plus addenda and corrigenda. Mem Queensland Mus. 22: 319 - 739."]}

Chartocerus australiensis orbiculatus Girault, 1915 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E1B6555A-B559-41F5-BACE-26F20E018452 (Figure 3; DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3893660) Girault (1915, p. 68), as Signiphora australiensis orbiculata (original description). Dahms (1983, p. 92, 111): notes on type material. Type material. Holotype male, QM Hy 2965 (T2965). The label, in Girault’s handwriting, indicates: ‘Type | Hy/2965 | A.A. Girault || Signiphora | australica Gir. || (red label) 4409 | Signiphora | australiensis | orbiculata | Gir. ♀ ’. The description indicates the locality as Gordonvale (Cairns), North Queensland, but this locality information is not provided in the slide labels. Dahms (1983, p. 92) describes the slide which contains the holotype as ‘slide #3’ in his discussion of C. australicus: ‘2 coverslip fragments; the one closest to “ TYPE ” label contains ♀ Signiphora australiensis orbiculata Girault; the other fragment contains a ♀ Signiphora australica, head, wings and some legs separated’. The female indication in the label is a lapsus (holotype is a male). Dahms (1983) states that T 4409 is the QM number for the holotype. Description. Male. Length (pronotum to apex of epiproct): 2.2 mm. Body brown; legs slightly lighter, tarsi of mid leg and hind leg white, and apical tarsomere of hind leg tan. Fore wings infuscated, interrupted by a median hyaline band; the anterior part of the infuscation extending from the base to the stigmal vein is slightly darker than the posterior. Head (crushed in the specimen; some structures not clearly visible), scape wide (approximately 3× as long as wide, pedicel 2× as long as wide, anelli not visible, clava fairly short and wide (4× as long as wide). Mesoscutum about 2× as long as scutellum, with 12 setae: 8 setae in posterior margin of scutellum plus 1 on top of each axilla. Mesotibia ½ length of metatibia, mesobasitarsus about ½ length of mesotibia, mesotibial spur slightly shorter than basitarsus, with 5 teeth. Mesofemur with 3 spines. Fore wings 3× as long as wide, marginal setae about 1/3 of maximum wing width, 1 seta in submarginal vein. Hind wing 4× as long as wide, marginal fringe about ½ width of wing, 1 seta in marginal vein. Mt1 bilobed, with a transverse area separating the two lobes. Remarks. This name was made available at the subspecies level. Girault (1915) defined this subspecies based on differences of the wing infuscation. The distal portion of the wing is faintly infuscated as in C. australiensis australiensis., Published as part of Molin, Ana Dal & Woolley, James B., 2020, Notes on types of Australian Chartocerus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 681-702 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on page 686, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1785573, http://zenodo.org/record/4290435, {"references":["Girault AA. 1915. Australian Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea - VII. The family Encyrtidae with descriptions of new genera and species. Mem Queensland Mus. 4: 1 - 184.","Dahms EC. 1983. A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: II. Preamble and Chalcidoidea species A-E with advisory notes. Mem Queensland Mus. 21: 1 - 255."]}

Chartocerus funeralis Girault, 1913 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 56888B8B-F5B3-47FF-8E1B-02BC10624260 EOL taxon ID: 848103 (Figure 7; DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3893731) Girault (1913a, p. 224), as Signiphora funeralis (original description). Dahms (1984, p. 582, 634; 1986, p. 568): notes on type material. Type material. Holotype female, QM Hy 771 (T4410). Dahms (1984) describes one slide with a coverslip fragment with the holotype of S. funeralis, complete, along with other chalcidoids (identified as Anagrus armatus, Abbella subflavella and the holotype of Pseudogramma fasciatipenne Gir.) (label: ‘From windows of empty dwellings, Herberton, N.Q., XII.28.1911, Hy 771 | 3484, 4410, 3484’), and a second slide (not type material) with a fragment containing a male S. funeralis partially dissected (head, antenna and one leg) (label: ‘ Signiphora funeralis Gir. | Indooroopilly | window | VII.5.1933)’ and a separate coverslip with a specimen of Chartocerus hebes (as M. hebes). Dahms (1984) states that T4410 was a duplicate QM accession number for the type specimen and had been cancelled. T3484 refers to the specimen of Abbella subflavella. Description. Female. Length 0.74 mm. The holotype has faded to a yellowish tone, but it was originally described as being dark like the other species of Chartocerus, with metallic tinge on the head and mesoscutum. Fore wing infuscated except for a small basal area, posteriorly. Head with punctations scattered on face and genae. Scape about 4.5× as long as wide, pedicel 2× as long as wide, ring segments in ratios of 6:4:2:1, resembling C. kerrichi, clava 5× as long as wide. Mesoscutum a little more than 3.5× length of scutellum, with scattered small setae; scutellum with 6 faint setae along posterior margin. Fore wing almost 3× as long as wide, marginal fringe roughly ½ width of the wing. Mesobasitarsus less than ½ length of mesotibia, mesotibial spur about 1/3 of the basitarsus. Mt1 bilobed, the two lobes separated smoothly by a concave curve; propodeal sclerite projecting posteriorly gradually., Published as part of Molin, Ana Dal & Woolley, James B., 2020, Notes on types of Australian Chartocerus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 681-702 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on page 693, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1785573, http://zenodo.org/record/4290435, {"references":["Girault AA. 1913 a. A systematic monograph of the chalcidoid Hymenoptera of the subfamily Signiphorinae. Proc US Natl Mus. 45: 189 - 233. doi: 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1977.189.","Dahms EC. 1984. A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: III. Chalcidoidea species F-M with advisory notes. Mem Queensland Mus. 21: 579 - 842."]}

Noyesaphytis lasallei Polaszek & Woolley sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 46A980C5-5B13-45EB-AC20-698C4C207A6A Description In addition to the genus-level characters above, the following characters are likely to be of species-level significance if additional species of Noyesaphytis are discovered: Length (female holotype): 1.1 mm (to ovipositor tip). Colour: Head brown, pale areas between the toruli and compound eyes, and around the ocelli. Genae darker brown than remainder of head. Mesoscutum largely dark brown with the following pale: a narrow longitudinal streak from central pronotum to base of scutellum; sutures bordering mesoscutal mid and side lobes and axillae, axillulae, hind margin of scutellum, metanotum, central pronotum. Mesosoma setation pale (Figure 1). Metasoma entirely dark brown. All femora and tibiae largely brown; femora pale for their distal 1/3-1/4; tibiae pale proximally and distally for 1/4–1/5 of their length. Tarsomeres pale, except all distal segments and fore and hind basitarsus brown. Fore wing distinctly infuscate below parastigma, along hind margin of marginal vein and below stigmal vein, the latter forming a faint cloud that reaches almost to the hind margin of the wing. Sculpture: Frons with aciculate sculpture below the stemmaticum, transverse sculpture at the level of the lower compound eyes (Figure 5); between the eyes and toruli the sculpture is diagonally elongate-reticulate. Mid lobe of mesoscutum and scutellum with fine aciculate sculpture; side lobes and axillae reticulate; axillulae each with 4–5 longitudinal striae. Propodeum reticulate centrally and at sides. Metasoma with longitudinally reticulate sculpture laterally. Additional characters Submarginal vein with five robust setae directed distally, i.e. towards the wing apex; ‘costal cell’ with a complete line of fine setae medially, and a row of five stronger setae in its distal upper corner. Mid tibial spur 0.7x corresponding basitarsus. Ovipositor projecting beyond metasoma; length 2.4x mid tibia. 2nd valvifers 2.9x 3rd valvulae. Male (Figures 10–13): Length: 1.0 mm Colour: Largely as in female, with the following differences: Pale longitudinal streak absent from mid lobe of mesoscutum; metanotum and propodeum uniformly brown; legs more evenly brown than in female, sharply contrasting pale and brown areas absent. Wing less strongly infuscated. Sculpture: Largely as in female, but dorsal mesosomal sculpture tending more towards reticulate rather than aciculate. Additional characters Antennal formula 1,1,4,1,1. Four anelli present, followed by a single funicle and clava (Figures 10–12). Mid tibial spur equal in length to corresponding basitarsus. Genitalia as in Figure 13, phallobase elongate, with digiti and claspers present. Material examined Holotype female: MADAGASCAR: Tuléar (currently Toliara), Berenty 24º59 ʹ 53”S 46º19 ʹ 53”E v.1983 (JS Noyes) BM 1983–201; NHMUK010370379; DNA1157. Holotype dissected and slide-mounted in Canada balsam. Paratypes 2 males: MADAGASCAR: Tuléar (currently Toliara), Bereboka 19º59 ʹ 53”S 44º35 ʹ 59”E 18–23.v.1983 (JS Noyes) BM 1983–201 (NHMUK); DNA1158-9. Holotype and paratype specimens are deposited in NHM, London. Etymology The genus name Noyesaphytis is derived from the collector’s family name (Noyes) and the generic name Aphytis. The use of various prefixes before - aphytis for genera considered to be related to Aphytis has several precedents; e.g. Punkaphytis Kim and Heraty (2012); Wallaceaphytis Polaszek & Fusu, in Polaszek et al. (2013). The specific epithet lasallei is based on, and in memory of,our friend and colleague,Dr John La Salle.

Chartocerus reticulatus Girault, 1913 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 95891FF8-CBB9-49CA-9FDF-5E28A3E68281 EOL taxon ID: 13795738 (Figure 9; DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3893745) Girault (1913b, p. 166), as Signiphora reticulata (original description). Dahms (1986, p. 474): notes on type material; note on placement as Matritia (Girault unpublished notes). Type material. Holotype female, QM Hy 1281 (T4408), on a slide that also contains a coverslip fragment with the type of Australaphycus albioviductus Gir., labelled ‘Queensland Museum. TYPE | Hy/1281 | ♀ || Australaphycus albioviductus Gir., Type ♀ || Signiphora reticulata Girault, ♀ type. Sweeping, forest, Ayr, Q., 6 Apr., 1912 | 4408 ’.” The specimen had the head removed, broken in many pieces, but the remainder of the body is preserved, one fore leg missing. Dahms (1986) describes three slides located at QM, one with the holotype and two with multiple individuals from Mackay [Queensland], labelled as Signiphora Matritia reticulata (Girault) (not type material) and all with heads and other parts dissected; he also states that the number T4408 was a duplicate QM accession number for the holotype and had been cancelled. Description. Female. Length 0.96 mm. Body dark brown, legs lighter, golden brown, tarsi of mid leg yellowish. Wings hyaline. Head with somewhat equally spaced punctations, and striae close to antennal scape. Scape 3–3.5× as long as wide, medially wider than in extremities, pedicel 2× as long as wide, 4 anelli (1:3:3:5), clava 6–7× as long as wide. Mesoscutum about 2× as wide as long, scutellum 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Mesotibia about 2× length of protibia; hind tibia 1.25× length of mesotibia. Mesobasitarsus a little more than 1/3 of length of mesotibia; mesotibial spur ½ length of basitarsus and with 3 teeth visible. Mesofemur with 2 spines. Fore wing 3× as long as wide, setae not larger than 1/8 of width of wing. The wing infuscation is not discernible., Published as part of Molin, Ana Dal & Woolley, James B., 2020, Notes on types of Australian Chartocerus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 681-702 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on pages 696-697, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1785573, http://zenodo.org/record/4290435, {"references":["Girault AA. 1913 b. A new Signiphora from Queensland, Australia (Hym.). Entomol News. 24: 166 - 167.","Dahms EC. 1986. A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: IV. Chalcidoidea species N-Z and Genera with advisory notes plus addenda and corrigenda. Mem Queensland Mus. 22: 319 - 739."]}

Noyesaphytis lasallei Polaszek & Woolley sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 46A980C5-5B13-45EB-AC20-698C4C207A6A Description In addition to the genus-level characters above, the following characters are likely to be of species-level significance if additional species of Noyesaphytis are discovered: Length (female holotype): 1.1 mm (to ovipositor tip). Colour: Head brown, pale areas between the toruli and compound eyes, and around the ocelli. Genae darker brown than remainder of head. Mesoscutum largely dark brown with the following pale: a narrow longitudinal streak from central pronotum to base of scutellum; sutures bordering mesoscutal mid and side lobes and axillae, axillulae, hind margin of scutellum, metanotum, central pronotum. Mesosoma setation pale (Figure 1). Metasoma entirely dark brown. All femora and tibiae largely brown; femora pale for their distal 1/3-1/4; tibiae pale proximally and distally for 1/4���1/5 of their length. Tarsomeres pale, except all distal segments and fore and hind basitarsus brown. Fore wing distinctly infuscate below parastigma, along hind margin of marginal vein and below stigmal vein, the latter forming a faint cloud that reaches almost to the hind margin of the wing. Sculpture: Frons with aciculate sculpture below the stemmaticum, transverse sculpture at the level of the lower compound eyes (Figure 5); between the eyes and toruli the sculpture is diagonally elongate-reticulate. Mid lobe of mesoscutum and scutellum with fine aciculate sculpture; side lobes and axillae reticulate; axillulae each with 4���5 longitudinal striae. Propodeum reticulate centrally and at sides. Metasoma with longitudinally reticulate sculpture laterally. Additional characters Submarginal vein with five robust setae directed distally, i.e. towards the wing apex; ���costal cell��� with a complete line of fine setae medially, and a row of five stronger setae in its distal upper corner. Mid tibial spur 0.7x corresponding basitarsus. Ovipositor projecting beyond metasoma; length 2.4x mid tibia. 2nd valvifers 2.9x 3rd valvulae. Male (Figures 10���13): Length: 1.0 mm Colour: Largely as in female, with the following differences: Pale longitudinal streak absent from mid lobe of mesoscutum; metanotum and propodeum uniformly brown; legs more evenly brown than in female, sharply contrasting pale and brown areas absent. Wing less strongly infuscated. Sculpture: Largely as in female, but dorsal mesosomal sculpture tending more towards reticulate rather than aciculate. Additional characters Antennal formula 1,1,4,1,1. Four anelli present, followed by a single funicle and clava (Figures 10���12). Mid tibial spur equal in length to corresponding basitarsus. Genitalia as in Figure 13, phallobase elongate, with digiti and claspers present. Material examined Holotype female: MADAGASCAR: Tul��ar (currently Toliara), Berenty 24��59 �� 53���S 46��19 �� 53���E v.1983 (JS Noyes) BM 1983���201; NHMUK010370379; DNA1157. Holotype dissected and slide-mounted in Canada balsam. Paratypes 2 males: MADAGASCAR: Tul��ar (currently Toliara), Bereboka 19��59 �� 53���S 44��35 �� 59���E 18���23.v.1983 (JS Noyes) BM 1983���201 (NHMUK); DNA1158-9. Holotype and paratype specimens are deposited in NHM, London. Etymology The genus name Noyesaphytis is derived from the collector���s family name (Noyes) and the generic name Aphytis. The use of various prefixes before - aphytis for genera considered to be related to Aphytis has several precedents; e.g. Punkaphytis Kim and Heraty (2012); Wallaceaphytis Polaszek & Fusu, in Polaszek et al. (2013). The specific epithet lasallei is based on, and in memory of,our friend and colleague,Dr John La Salle., Published as part of Polaszek, Andrew, Lahey, Zachary & Woolley, James B., 2020, Noyesaphytis (Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae) - an unusual new genus from Madagascar, and a reassessment of Aphelininae classification based on morphology, pp. 647-664 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on pages 662-663, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1773559, http://zenodo.org/record/4290357, {"references":["Kim JW, Heraty J. 2012. A phylogenetic analysis of the genera of Aphelininae (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), with a generic key and descriptions of new taxa. Syst Ent. 37: 497 - 549. doi: 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2012.00625. x.","Polaszek A, Ayshford T, Yahya BE, Fusu L. 2013. Wallaceaphytis: an unusual new genus of parasitoid wasp (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) from Borneo. J Nat Hist. 17 - 29. doi: 10.1080 / 00222933.2013.852264"]}

Chartocerus corvinus Girault, 1913 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F8E2494C-599C-4BC9-BCF1-08255B0A2082 EOL taxon ID: 847843 (Figure 5; DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3893699) Girault (1913a, p. 225), as Signiphora corvina (original description). Dahms (1983, p. 198; 1984, p. 698, 701; 1986, p. 409, 568): notes on type material. Type material. Holotype female, QM Hy 772, same slide as type of Gonatocerus huxleyi Girault and other specimens identified as Signiphora australiensis, Abbella subflava, Ufens piceipes and Aphelinoidea howardii, ‘from a window in a granary and barn on a wheat farm at Roma, Queensland, 6 October 1911 ’. The accession number Hy 772 is not indicated on the slide; number 4407 is indicated on a red label. According to Dahms (1983), this female is in fact the holotype: ‘QM: Slide – 1 cracked, complete coverslip (partly missing over 1 specimen) containing the Holotype = (head separated) of Signiphora corvina and other specimens as per labels “ Gonatocerus huxleyi Girault, ♀ Type 1040. From windows of a granary, Roma, Q., 6 October 1911 AAG 3691, 3691” [...]’. An arrow was added by JBW to indicate the holotype. Dahms (1983) states that number T4407 was a duplicate QM accession number for this type and had been cancelled. T3691 refers to the Gonatocerus specimen. Description. Female. Length about 1.2 mm. Body dark, femora and tibia slightly lighter, protibia especially light distally. Tarsi of all legs lighter than the rest of the legs. The basal infuscation of the fore wing extends in the anterior-basal portion of the wing to the stigmal vein. Head round in frontal view, genae reticulate, punctations lateral to antennal scrobes; interantennal area seems lighter than clypeus and genae. Eyes relatively small, about 1/3 height of head. Antennal scape about 5× as long as wide, pedicel and ring segments cannot be observed, club about 2.6× as long as wide. Mesoscutum transversally striate; scutellum, metanotum and basal part of medial propodeal sclerite striate to reticulate towards margins. Mesoscutum at least 2× length of scutellum. It is not possible to count the setae on the mesosomal terga. Fore wing very broad, at the broadest part about ½ length of wing. The wing vein reaches about half of the distance to the apex. Marginal fringe very short, not more than 1/8 of wing width, 2 setae on submarginal vein, M1 missing (M6 is broken in this type but the socket is visible). Hind wing also wide towards the apex, about 3.5× as long as wide, marginal fringe 1/5 of wing width, with discal seta. Mesobasitarsus less than ½ length of mesotibia; mesotibial spur slightly shorter than basitarsus and with 4 teeth. Mesofemur with 2 visible spines., Published as part of Molin, Ana Dal & Woolley, James B., 2020, Notes on types of Australian Chartocerus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 681-702 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on page 689, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1785573, http://zenodo.org/record/4290435, {"references":["Girault AA. 1913 a. A systematic monograph of the chalcidoid Hymenoptera of the subfamily Signiphorinae. Proc US Natl Mus. 45: 189 - 233. doi: 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1977.189.","Dahms EC. 1983. A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: II. Preamble and Chalcidoidea species A-E with advisory notes. Mem Queensland Mus. 21: 1 - 255."]}

Xyphon Hamilton, 1985, Published as part of Catanach, Therese A., Dietrich, Chris H. & Woolley, James B., 2013, A revision of the New World sharpshooter genus Xyphon Hamilton (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae), pp. 490-510 in Zootaxa 3741 (4) on page 496, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/221604

Xyphon fulgidum (Nottingham 1932) (Figs 3 B, 4 B) Carneocephala fulgida Nottingham 1932 Xyphon fulgida (Nottingham 1932): Hamilton 1985 Diagnosis. A large leafhopper (female 5.5 ���6.0 mm; male 4.5 ���5.0 mm) lacking dark markings on the head. The densely reticulate forewings are similar to those of X. flaviceps, but X. fulgidum may be distinguished by the comparatively smaller ocelli (distance between ocelli greater than 7 times ocular width and ocelli located more than 2 times ocular width from edge of crown). Head. Clypellus-frontoclypeus junction in lateral view distinctly angular (90 %) or evenly convex, (10 %); frontoclypeus entirely yellow with brown muscle scars variably developed. Crown lacking dark markings or lines anterior margin, angular; white band along boundary with face either complete (43 %), present but broken by face color (43 %), or absent (14 %); orange pigment absent; in lateral view concave. Distance from ocelli to lateral edge of head more than 2 times ocelli width and distance between ocelli at least 7.5 times ocelli width. Thorax. Pronotum with dark green to brown circular markings absent; circular indentations absent (90 %) or present (10 %); midline concolorous with lateral areas. Proepisternum with posterior edge not irregular (62 %) or irregular (38 %). Mesonotum, green, exposed areas unmarked. Forewing. Mainly green, including anal veins. Apex densely reticulate with many crossveins. Legs. Hind femur macrosetal formula 2 + 1. Plantar surface of hind tarsomere with 4-5 paleate setae. Abdomen. Sterna of male mostly yellow (100 %). Male genitalia. Pygofer basolateral setae scattered and erect; subgenital plate with macrosetae absent; pygofer and subgenital plates with fine setae present. Aedeagal shaft in lateral view with dorsal process acute, not compressed, wider than tall; in ventral view broadly ovoid; shaft in dorsal view not compressed. Ventral flange not distinct. Paraphyses in dorsal view forming ���U���. Style with single seta. Material examined. We coded 11 males and 10 females. Approximately 100 additional specimens were examined. Host plants. Collected from vinegarweed (Trichostema lanceolatum). Distribution. Known only from California. Primary type. Holotype (and 85 paratypes) deposited in the SEMC, University of Kansas. Holotype is a female in good condition. Verbatim label on holotype: Lemon Grove / Calif. 7-24 - 29 / B. H. Beamer., Published as part of Catanach, Therese A., Dietrich, Chris H. & Woolley, James B., 2013, A revision of the New World sharpshooter genus Xyphon Hamilton (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae), pp. 490-510 in Zootaxa 3741 (4) on pages 498-499, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/221604

Catanach, Therese A., Dietrich, Chris H., Woolley, James B. (2013): A revision of the New World sharpshooter genus Xyphon Hamilton (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae). Zootaxa 3741 (4): 490-510, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.3

Xyphon nudum (Nottingham 1932) (Figs 3 D, 4 D) Carneocephala nuda Nottingham 1932 Xyphon nuda (Nottingham 1932): Hamilton 1985 Diagnosis. This species is relatively small for the genus (female 4.5 mm; male 4.0 mm) with the head narrower than the pronotum. Xyphon nudum is similar to X. triguttatum, but has a completely unpatterned crown (which is often orange), pronotum, and mesonotum. The wings are dark green with yellowish-green veins. Head. Clypellus-frontoclypeus junction in lateral view evenly convex (14 %) or distinctly angular (76 %); frontoclypeus mottled yellow and tan (69 %), entirely yellow (sometimes with brown muscle scars) (21 %), or uniformly tan (muscle scars appearing slightly darker) (10 %). Crown angular (79 %) or rounded (21 %); white band present and complete (55 %) or present but broken by face color (41 %), rarely absent (3 %); median spot absent; medioapical macula absent or poorly delimited (72 %) or entirely yellow (possibly with brown spot) (28 %); dark markings (other than median spot) absent; dark lines absent; orange pigment present (93 %) or absent (7 %). Crown flat in lateral view. Postocellar maculae absent or weak. Distance from ocelli to lateral edge of head no more than 2 times ocelli width and distance between ocelli no more than 7.5 times ocelli width. Thorax. Pronotum lacking dark green to brown circular markings and indentations; midline of pronotum white (93 %) or concolorous with lateral areas of pronotum (7 %). Mesonotum typically green (90 %) but rarely tan (10 %) with visible part unmarked (90 %) or with pair of submedial spots (10 %); proepisternum posterior edge not irregular (72 %) or irregular (28 %). Forewings. Wings mainly green (90 %) or tan (10 %) with anal veins white. Apex with few crossveins. Legs. Hind femur macrosetal formula 2 + 1. Plantar surface of hind tarsomere, paleate setae numbering 1���3 (3 %) or 4���5 (97 %). Abdomen. Abdominal sterna of male mostly yellow. Male genitalia. Pygofer with basolateral setae scattered and erect. Subgenital plate with small scattered macrosetae. Aedeagal shaft in lateral view with dorsal process acute and compressed, taller than wide; in ventral view narrowly ovoid (without distinct angles); in dorsal view shaft not compressed. Paraphyses, dorsal view, forming a circle, oval, or U shape. Style with 1, rarely 2 setae. Host plants. No data available. Material examined. We coded 14 males, 15 females, and examined approximately 200 specimens. Distribution. Southwestern United States and Mexico. Primary type. Holotype, SEMC. Holotype is a male in good condition. Verbatim locality label on holotype: Pima Co. Ariz / July 27, 1927 / P.A. Readio Additional notes. Although X. nudum was derived from within a clade comprising the four included specimens of X. reticulatum in the phylogenetic analyses, the former is morphologically distinct and is here retained as a valid species. More detailed studies will be needed to determine whether X. nudum is an extreme color variant of X. reticulatum (see Notes under the latter species)., Published as part of Catanach, Therese A., Dietrich, Chris H. & Woolley, James B., 2013, A revision of the New World sharpshooter genus Xyphon Hamilton (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae), pp. 490-510 in Zootaxa 3741 (4) on page 501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/221604

Xyphon gillettei (Ball 1901) (Figs 3 C, 4 C) Draeculacephala gillettei Ball 1901 Carneocephala gillettei (Ball 1901): (Ball 1927) Carneocephala balli Knull 1940 ���NEW SYNONYM Xyphon gillettei (Ball 1901): Hamilton 1985 Xyphon balli (Knull 1940): Hamilton 1985 Diagnosis. A large leafhopper usually with brown markings on crown. Similar to X. spadice but with macrosetal formula of hind femur 2 +0. Aedeagus with dorsal process not compressed (much wider than tall). Head. Clypellus-frontoclypeus junction in lateral view convex; frontoclypeus entirely yellow (possibly with brown muscle scars) (96 %) or mottled yellow and tan (4 %). Crown with anterior margin rounded; white band absent; median spot present, but poorly defined (56 %) or present and well defined (44 %); medioapical macula brown but poorly delimited (84 %) or dark brown and well defined (16 %), almost always surrounded by cream; dark markings (other than median spot) present; light brown lines concentrated medially, orange pigment absent; postocellar maculae absent or weak (96 %) or large and well developed (4 %); in lateral view concave. Distance from ocelli to lateral edge of head more than 2 times ocelli width and distance between ocelli at least 7.5 times ocelli width. Thorax. Pronotum, dark green to brown circular markings absent; circular indentations present; midline variably white (72 %), or concolorus with lateral areas (28 %). Mesonotum, straw colored with visible parts unmarked (72 %), very lightly marked (12 %), with submedial spots and anterolateral triangles (8 %), or anterolateral triangles only (8 %); proepisternum, posterior edge, without irregular edge (92 %) or with irregular edge (8 %). Forewings. Green pigment usually absent (96 %) but rarely present (4 %); wing majority colored straw (96 %) or less commonly green (4 %), anal veins white (52 %) or forewing pale blue (48 %). Apex with few crossveins (but more than 3). Legs. Hind femur, macrosetal formula 2 +0. Plantar surface of hind tarsomere, paleate setae numbering 1���3 (4 %) or 4���5 (96 %). Abdomen. Sterna of male mostly red/orange (83 %) or mostly yellow (17 %). Male genitalia. Pygofer with scattered and errect basolateral setae (75 %) or absent (25 %). Subgenital plate, macrosetae, large and forming distinct band (82 %) or small and scattered (18 %). Pygofers and subgenital plates with fine setae. Aedeagal shaft in lateral view with dorsal process, acute and not compressed (so wider than tall). Shaft in ventral view, narrow with basolateral expansions distinct; not compressed in dorsal view. Paraphyses, dorsal view, forming a circle, an oval; or forming a ���U���. Style with single seta. Material examined. We coded 12 males, 11 females, and 1 unknown. Five additional specimens were also examined but not coded. Host plants. Salicornia sp. and Suaeda sp. Distribution. Known from Colorado and Arizona. Primary types. Lectotype at the USNM. Verbatim label for Draeculacephala gillettei: N. Colo / 3 20 ��� 98. Lectotype is a male in good condition. Although lectotype label under specimen notes that it was designated by P. W. Oman in 1946, it was actually designated as such in 1947 (Oman 1947). Verbatim label for Carneocephala balli: ���Holbrook, Ar. / VII- 28-38 // D.J. and J. N. Knull Collrs.��� This specimen is deposited at OSU and is a male in good condition, genitalia cleared and stored in glycerin under specimen. Reasons for synonymy. Consistent morphological differences were not found to separate X. balli from X. gillettei. The original description of X. balli states that it is smaller than X. gillettei, but the paper did not describe or illustrate the male genitalia. Dissection of the holotype of X. balli revealed genitalia identical to those of X. gillettei. While specimens identified as X. balli tend to be smaller, specimens of intermediate size were examined and this size variation is here interpreted as intraspecific., Published as part of Catanach, Therese A., Dietrich, Chris H. & Woolley, James B., 2013, A revision of the New World sharpshooter genus Xyphon Hamilton (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae), pp. 490-510 in Zootaxa 3741 (4) on page 500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/221604

Key to the species of Xyphon 1. Forewing apex densely reticulate, with more than 15 cells (Fig. 3 A)............................................. 2 -. Forewing apex not densely reticulate, with few crossveins creating regular cells (Fig. 3 C)............................ 3 2 (1). Distance between ocelli more than 7 times width of ocellus in dorsal view (Fig. 4 B); distance from ocellus to margin of head more than 2 times width of ocellus (Fig. 4 B); California.......................................... Xyphon fulgidum -. Distance between ocelli less than 7 times width of ocellus in dorsal view; distance from ocellus to margin of head less than 2 times width of ocellus; United States east of Rocky Mountains, Mexico.............................. Xyphon flaviceps 3 (1 b). Crown and pronotum without dark markings (Fig. 4 D); southwestern United States, Mexico............... Xyphon nudum -. Crown and pronotum with one or more dark spots (Fig. 4 H).................................................... 4 4 (3 b). Crown concave in lateral view (Fig. 3 C).................................................................... 5 -. Crown convex or flat in lateral view (Fig. 3 A)............................................................... 6 5 (4). Hind femur macrosetal formula 2 +0; Colorado and Arizona........................................ Xyphon gillettei -. Hind femur macrosetal formula 2 + 1; Mexico............................................. Xyphon spadice sp. nov. 6 (4 b). Head with single black spot near anterior margin of crown (Fig. 4 H), lacking other dark markings (Fig. 4 H); clypellus in pro- file evenly convex, continuing contour of frontoclypeus (Fig. 3 F); western United States.............. Xyphon triguttatum -. Head usually with more dark areas than single spot near anterior margin of crown (Fig. 4 F); clypellus in profile with ventral half forming angle with dorsal half and frontoclypeus (Fig. 3 E); southern United States south through Brazil, Caribbean islands, introduced into western Africa, and various Pacific islands including Hawaii, Guam, Taiwan, and Japan................................................................................................... Xyphon reticulatum, Published as part of Catanach, Therese A., Dietrich, Chris H. & Woolley, James B., 2013, A revision of the New World sharpshooter genus Xyphon Hamilton (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae), pp. 490-510 in Zootaxa 3741 (4) on pages 496-497, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/221604

Carneocephala Ball, 1927 (in part) Type species. Diedrocephala flaviceps Riley, 1880. Diagnosis. Medium to large-sized leafhoppers (~ 4-6mm); usually green overall, rarely straw, brown, or black; similar to Draeculacephala in having reticulate crossveins at apex of forewing (character 27) and aedeagus thickest at base (character 36), but differing in lacking medial sulcus on crown (character 6), having anterolateral margin of crown rounded not carinate (character 1), and having forewing appendix extending to costal margin (character 28). Genus description (synapomorphies italicized). Head. Median sulcus of head absent. Anterolateral margin of crown rounded to face. Head patterned with dark pigment (both regular shapes or irregular patches) or not, face usually with muscle scars. Thorax. Pronotum light/dark pigmentation pattern variable, with or without pigment patches, dark circles, or indentations; midline of pronotum concolorous with remaining surface or blue or white; darker individuals sometimes with brown longitudinal stripes on mesosternum. Legs. Usually with longitudinal row of 4 paleate setae on plantar surface of first tarsomere of hind leg, species/ individuals vary; all species have 2 + 1 hind leg macrosetal formula (except gillettei 2 +0). Forewing. Appendix extended to costal margin; apex with many crossveins, usually densely reticulate; green, rarely black, brown, or straw colored; anal veins usually white, blue, or green. Male genitalia. Macrosetae present on pygofer and/or subgenital plates, placement variable; pygofer approximately same length as subgenital plates. Subgenital plate triangular, apex weakly sclerotized, macrosetae small, arranged in oblique row or band. Aedeagal shaft not compressed in dorsal view; in lateral view thickest at base. Paraphyses short and stout in ventral view, curving across shaft at or basad of midlength; appearing sinuate in lateral view. Shank of style short, strongly curved mesad, with one (rarely two) conspicuous setae preapically. Female sternite VII with posterior margin slightly produced and angulate medially and with shorter paired angulate lateral lobes. Second valvulae abruptly broadened near base and gradually tapered toward apex with close-set, serrate triangular teeth extended over most of length. Geographic range. Xyphon is native to the temperate and tropical regions of the New World, but rarely collected in the northeastern United States and southern Canada. Collection localities range from Canada to Argentina, and include several Caribbean islands. One species, X. reticulatum, has been introduced into western Africa and several Pacific islands., Published as part of Catanach, Therese A., Dietrich, Chris H. & Woolley, James B., 2013, A revision of the New World sharpshooter genus Xyphon Hamilton (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae), pp. 490-510 in Zootaxa 3741 (4) on page 496, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/221604

Xyphon reticulatum (Signoret 1854) (Figs 3 E, 4 E, 4 F) Tettigonia reticulata Signoret 1854 Tettigonia (Diedrocephala) sagittifera Uhler 1895 ���NEW SYNONYM Tettigonia diducta Fowler 1900 - NEW SYNONYM Draeculacephala reticulata (Signoret 1854): Ball 1901 Draeculacephala sagittifera (Uhler 1895): Olsen 1918 Tettigonia dyeri Gibson 1919 ���NEW SYNONYM Carneocephala sagittifera (Uhler 1895): Ball 1927 Carneocephala dyeri (Gibson 1919): Nottingham 1932 Carneocephala diducta (Fowler 1900): Young 1977 Xyphon diducta (Fowler 1900): Hamilton 1985 Xyphon dyeri (Gibson 1919): Hamilton 1985 Xyphon reticulata (Signoret 1854): Hamilton 1985 Xyphon sagittifera (Uhler 1895): Hamilton 1985 Diagnosis. This species has a highly variable coloration with wings ranging from green to almost black. It is similar to X. triguttatum but with variable markings on the crown and pronotum. The head and crown can be solid colored (often tan, but never orange like X. nudum) or marked with dark brown on a creamy background. Head. Clypellus-frontoclypeus junction in lateral view distinctly angular; color pattern of frontoclypeus mottled yellow and tan (16 %) or mottled dark brown and yellow (84 %). Crown, anterior margin, angular (97 %) or rounded (3 %); with white band along edge of face complete (49 %), present but broken by face color (46 %), or absent (5 %); median spot well defined (51 %), poorly defined (24 %), or absent (24 %); medioapical macula, absent or poorly delimited (35 %), entirely yellow (possibly with brown spot) (5 %), tan with darker markings (or uniformly tan) (5 %) or dark brown (54 %); medial spot, completely surrounded by cream pigment (53 %), lacking medial spot (26 %), or not surrounded by cream pigment (21 %); dark markings (other than median spot) absent (68 %) or present (32 %); dark lines, mostly brown with light patches (43 %), absent (24 %), irregular brown spots (22 %), medioapical macula only (8 %), or light brown lines (concentrated in middle of the crown) (3 %), orange pigment absent (95 %) or present (5 %). Postocellar maculae, absent or weak (59 %) or part of a broader pattern (41 %); in lateral view crown convex. Distance from ocelli to lateral edge of head no more than 2 times ocelli width and distance between ocelli no more than 7.5 times ocelli width. Thorax. Pronotum with dark green to brown circular marking present (78 %) or absent (22 %) circular indentations absent (95 %) or present (5 %); midline white (92 %) or concolorous with lateral areas of pronotum (7 %). Mesonotum green with submedial spots and anterolateral triangles (53 %), very lightly marked (42 %), unmarked (3 %), or with pair of submedial spots (3 %). Transpleural macula often incomplete and poorly delimited (84 %) but in some specimens absent (16 %). Proepistermum, posterior edge not irregular (89 %) or irregular (11 %). Thoracic sterna of male yellow (80 %) or meosternum with brown longitudinal macula (20 %). Forewings. Green pigment absent (89 %) or present (11 %). Wing overall color black/brown (47 %), gray (39 %), green (11 %), or straw (5 %). Anal veins green (92 %), or white (8 %). Apex with few crossveins. Legs. Hind femur, macrosetal formula, 2 + 1. Plantar surface of hind tarsomere, paleate setae, typically 4���5 (97 %) but rarely absent (3 %). Abdomen. Abdominal sterna of male mostly yellow. Male Genitalia. Pygofer, erect basolateal setae scattered (97 %) or absent (3 %). Subgenital plate, macrosetae scattered (91 %) or in a distinct band (9 %). Aedeagal shaft in lateral view dorsal process acute, compressed (taller than wide) (96 %) or wider than tall (4 %). Shaft in ventral view arrow-shaped; dorsal view not compressed. Paraphyses in dorsal view, form oval (61 %), ���U��� (26 %), or circle (13 %). Style with 1 (97 %) or 2 (3 %) setae. Material examined. We coded 36 males and 6 females. Additionally, we examined approximately 5,000 specimens. Host data. Collected from bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon). Distribution. This species is widespread ranging from the southern tier of states in the US south through Central America to Brazil. It also is found in the Caribbean. This species has been accidentally introduced in a number of countries including the Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guam, the Philippines, and other Pacific Islands. Primary type. A holotype (which was not available for this revision) is located at the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (Austria) according to Nottingham (1927). Cotypes of Tettigonia (Diedrocephala) sagittifera at the USNM. Verbatim locality label: St. Vincent / W.I / H.H. Smith / 17 // Co-Type/ No. 10212 / U.S. N.M. To fix the identity of the taxon, we are here designating one of these specimens, a male, as the lectotype. Lectotype of Tettigonia diducta at the BMNH. Verbatim locality label: Amula / Guerreio 6000 ft / Aug. H. H. Smith // Biol. Centr. Am., Homop. Holotype of Tettigonia dyeri deposited in USNM verbatim locality label: Honduras / Tegucigulpa // June / 29 78 // FJDyer / Coll // 71612 / 42620 // Type number: 22114 Reasons for synonymy. Study of large numbers of specimens identified as X. reticulatum and the taxa here treated as synonyms revealed a morphocline in which individuals collected farther from the equator tend to be lighter in color. Tropical specimens often have black wings, dark heads, and large dark markings on the mesonotum. Specimens collected from the southeastern United States have green wings and have much lighter markings on the head and mesonotum. It is conceivable that a desert dwelling population equivalent to the concept of X. nudum would be completely lacking dark markings on the head or mesonotum, but the latter species is retained pending further study. Examination of Xyphon specimens representing populations established in areas outside their native range provided further evidence in support of the proposed synonymies. Color variation among specimens from West Africa and Guam, representing adventive populations, was similar to the variation observed among specimens identified as the 4 species here treated as synonyms. The proposed synonymy was also supported by molecular data, with parsimony and Bayesian Analysis grouping specimens representing 3 of the 4 color forms into a single clade, and individual color forms did not segregate as distinct clades., Published as part of Catanach, Therese A., Dietrich, Chris H. & Woolley, James B., 2013, A revision of the New World sharpshooter genus Xyphon Hamilton (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae), pp. 490-510 in Zootaxa 3741 (4) on pages 501-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/221604

Key to the species of Xyphon 1. Forewing apex densely reticulate, with more than 15 cells (Fig. 3 A)............................................. 2 -. Forewing apex not densely reticulate, with few crossveins creating regular cells (Fig. 3 C)............................ 3 2 (1). Distance between ocelli more than 7 times width of ocellus in dorsal view (Fig. 4 B); distance from ocellus to margin of head more than 2 times width of ocellus (Fig. 4 B); California.......................................... Xyphon fulgidum -. Distance between ocelli less than 7 times width of ocellus in dorsal view; distance from ocellus to margin of head less than 2 times width of ocellus; United States east of Rocky Mountains, Mexico.............................. Xyphon flaviceps 3 (1 b). Crown and pronotum without dark markings (Fig. 4 D); southwestern United States, Mexico............... Xyphon nudum -. Crown and pronotum with one or more dark spots (Fig. 4 H).................................................... 4 4 (3 b). Crown concave in lateral view (Fig. 3 C).................................................................... 5 -. Crown convex or flat in lateral view (Fig. 3 A)............................................................... 6 5 (4). Hind femur macrosetal formula 2 +0; Colorado and Arizona........................................ Xyphon gillettei -. Hind femur macrosetal formula 2 + 1; Mexico............................................. Xyphon spadice sp. nov. 6 (4 b). Head with single black spot near anterior margin of crown (Fig. 4 H), lacking other dark markings (Fig. 4 H); clypellus in pro- file evenly convex, continuing contour of frontoclypeus (Fig. 3 F); western United States.............. Xyphon triguttatum -. Head usually with more dark areas than single spot near anterior margin of crown (Fig. 4 F); clypellus in profile with ventral half forming angle with dorsal half and frontoclypeus (Fig. 3 E); southern United States south through Brazil, Caribbean islands, introduced into western Africa, and various Pacific islands including Hawaii, Guam, Taiwan, and Japan................................................................................................... Xyphon reticulatum

Xyphon flaviceps (Riley, 1880) (Figs 3 A, 4 A) Diedrocephala flaviceps Riley, 1880 Tettigonia flaviceps (Riley, 1880): Johnson & Fox (1892) Carneocephala flaviceps (Riley, 1880): Nottingham (1932) Xyphon flaviceps (Riley, 1880): Hamilton (1985) Diagnosis. This relatively large species (female 5.0��� 6.3 mm; male 4.5 ���5.0 mm resembles X. fulgidum in having the forewing venation densely reticulate, but differs in having larger ocelli which are separated by a distance of less than 7 times the ocellar width and located on the head less than 2 times the ocellar width from the edge of the crown. Head. Clypellus-frontoclypeus junction in lateral view evenly convex (57 %) or distinctly angular (43 %). Frontoclypeus mottled yellow and tan. Crown rounded (96 %) or angular (4 %); white band usually present but broken by face color (65 %), less commonly absent (22 %) or complete (13 %); dark markings absent; orange pigment present; in lateral view concave (17 %) or flat (83 %). Distance from ocelli to lateral margin of crown no more than 2 times ocellar width; distance between ocelli no more than 7.5 times ocellar width. Thorax. Pronotum lacking dark green to brown circular markings at anterior margin; circular indentations absent; midline concolorous with lateral parts (83 %) or white (17 %). Color of mesonotum green. Visible part of mesonotum unmarked. Proepisternum with posterior edge regular. Forewings. Mostly green (78 %) or gray (22 %); anal veins green (96 %) or pale blue (4 %). Apex with many crossveins. Legs. Hind femur macrosetal formula 2 + 1 (96 %) or 2 + 1 + 1 (4 %). Plantar surface of hind tarsosome with paleate setae variable, most commonly 1���3 (65 %) or less commonly 4���5 (17 %) or absent (9 %). Abdomen. Sterna of male mostly yellow. Male genitalia. Pygofer with basolateral setae scattered. Subgenital plate with small and scattered macrosetae. Aedeagal shaft in ventral view ovoid, broad (83 %) or narrow (17 %); in lateral view with dorsal process acute and compressed (8 %) or not (92 %); dorsal process wider than tall (92 %) rarely taller than wide (8 %); ventral flange not distinct. Paraphyses in dorsal view forming oval (42 %) or circle (58 %). Style with single seta. Material examined. We coded 14 males and 9 females. Approximately 1,000 additional specimens were examined. Host plants. Collected from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), alfalfa (Medicago sp.), beebalm (Monarda sp.), prickly Russian thistle (Salsola tragus), miscellaneous flowers, weeds, and pasture. Distribution. Eastern and central United States from Gulf Coast to Wisconsin and Atlantic coast to New Mexico. Also found in Mexico. Primary type. Two cotypes located in the USNM were examined. One of these specimens is here designated as the lectotype. The lectotype, a male in good condition, appears to have been removed from a series of X. flaviceps all mounted on single pin. It was chosen as the lectotype because it is in good condition and is the only specimen from the series that is individually mounted. Verbatim label data: ���Feb, 9 / 76 / Texas// injuring wheat + oats / Texas Jan 1 76 ���. The lectotype is here designated to fix the identity of the species based on the best preserved male specimen in the original type series. Other notes. This species was at one time incorrectly synonymized by Ball with X. reticulatum, so it is common to see determination labels reflecting this., Published as part of Catanach, Therese A., Dietrich, Chris H. & Woolley, James B., 2013, A revision of the New World sharpshooter genus Xyphon Hamilton (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae), pp. 490-510 in Zootaxa 3741 (4) on pages 497-498, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/221604

Xyphon spadice Catanach & Dietrich, new species (Figs 3 G, 4 I, 5) Diagnosis. This is a large leafhopper with brown markings on the crown similar to those of X. gillettei, but with wider markings on the head and at most 2 extra preapical forewing crossveins, the macrosetal formula of the hind femur 2 + 1, and the dorsal process of the aedeagus not compressed (much wider than tall). Head. Clypellus-frontoclypeus junction in lateral view is evenly convex; frontoclypeus entirely yellow (possibly with brown muscle scars). Crown in anterior margin rounded; white band complete or absent; median spot present and well defined; medioapical macula dark brown and well defined; almost always surrounded by cream. Additional dark markings present; irregular brown spots or a brown background with light patches are present; orange pigment absent; postocellar maculae, absent or well developed. In lateral view crown concave. Distance from ocelli to lateral edge of head more than 2 times ocelli width and distance between ocelli at least 7.5 times ocelli width. Thorax. Pronotum with dark green to brown circular markings and circular; midline white. Mesonotum, straw visible part with submedial spots and anterolateral triangles or very lightly marked; proepisternum with posterior edge irregular. Forewings. Lacking green pigment; wing mostly straw, anal veins pale blue. Apex with 2 crossveins. Legs. Hind femur with macrosetal formula 2 + 1. Plantar surface of hind tarsomere, paleate setae numbering 4��� 5. Abdomen. Sterna of male mostly yellow. Male genitalia. Pygofer with scattered erect basolateral setae. Subgenital plate with irregular oblique row of small stout setae. Other setae of pygofer and subgenital plates small and scattered. Aedeagal shaft in lateral view with acute, not compressed dorsal process wider than tall; shaft in ventral view, narrow with distinct basolateral expansions; shaft in dorsal view not compressed. Paraphyses in dorsal view, forming an oval. Style with single seta. Material examined. We coded 2 males. An additional male was available, but it appeared to be parasitized and lacked normal genitalia. A total of 30 specimens were available for this species. Host plants. No data available. Distribution. Known from Mexico. Holotype verbatim label: Mexico: Zac: rt 23 31km / S Fresnillo, 2300m / N 22.90645 W 102.93929 / 23 -x- 2005, C.H.Dietrich / MX 05- 3303 sweeping��� [INHS]. 29 paratypes, 3 at INHS, 25 at SEC, and 1 at CNC: Deposited at INHS: 2 with identical label as above; 1 with MEXICO: Jalisco, rt. 80 / km# 149 NE Lagos de Moreno / 1875m, 21 �� 22 'N 101 �� 53 'E / 18 Oct 2001,G. Moya-Raygoza / sweeping, MX 01- 17 GMR. 1 at the CNC: San Juan Del Rio / 10 Mi. E. Quere Taro / Mex. 30 - VII- 1954 / J. G. Chillcott. Deposited at SEC: 14 with MEXICO: San Luis Potosi / 9 mi NM San Luis Potosi / 25 Oct 1981 / HDBlocker. 3 with MEXICO: Guanajuato / 3 mi S San Luis de la Paz / 24 Oct 1981 / HDBlocker. 8 with MEXICO: Queretaro / 6 mi N Queretaro / 24 Oct. 1981 / HDBlocker. Types. Holotype and 2 paratypes are deposited at the INHS, 25 paratypes are deposited at the SEC, and the remaining paratype is deposited at the CNC. The holotype is a cleared male in good condition with genitalia in a vial under the specimen. Additionally one parasitized male is in the collection but was not coded due to deformations of the genitalia. Etymology. Latin for the color chestnut which is found on the forewings of members of this species., Published as part of Catanach, Therese A., Dietrich, Chris H. & Woolley, James B., 2013, A revision of the New World sharpshooter genus Xyphon Hamilton (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae), pp. 490-510 in Zootaxa 3741 (4) on page 503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/221604