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In the present work, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is creatively introduced as a novel method to fabricate multi-layered nanospheres. Titanium (Ti) was oxidized in a phosphate-based electrolyte containing ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), which results in the formation of nanospheres on the ceramic coating. The as-fabricated nanosphere is amorphous with a three-layered architecture. The inner layer of the nanosphere contains Zn, Ca and P whereas Cu and P were detected in the medium layer with the outer layer enriched in Cu, O and Ti, which is promising in the field of bio-medical implanted devices. Herein, a novel one-pot synthesis strategy is proposed to fabricate multi-layered nanospheres, which could enlighten the preparation of hierarchical structures in various fields. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bio-medical materials with sufficient antibacterial performance and osteogenic activity are desirable for orthopaedic implantable devices. In the present work, titanium (Ti) surface was modified through micro-arc oxidation in an electrolyte containing Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and disodium zinc ethylenediaminetetraacetate tetrahydrate (Na 2 Zn-EDTA) to fabricate Ag, Zn co-doped titania coating, with the influence of Na 2 Zn-EDTA content on its microstructure, corrosion behaviour and biological performances investigated systematically. By increasing the amount of Na 2 Zn-EDTA from 5 g/L to 50 g/L, the coating exhibits a significantly reduced average pore size along with a decreased coating thickness. Further, unlike micro-sized dicalcium phosphate dehydrate (DCPD) crystals and Ag NP clusters for the coating produced by 5 g/L Na 2 Zn-EDTA, both Ag NPs of a reduced amount and nano-sized amorphous Ca and P-rich components were observed on the coating surface when the electrolyte containing 50 g/L Na 2 Zn-EDTA was used. The microstructural variation inevitably leads to the modification of its performances. The high amount of Na 2 Zn-EDTA results in a bio-ceramic characterized by higher corrosion resistance, enhanced antibacterial capability and improved osteogenic activity relative to that fabricated with the addition of a low amount of Na 2 Zn-EDTA. Therefore, this work provides a new strategy for the fabrication of bio-ceramics on Ti-based implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Both metallic Ag and Ag oxide exist in the coating. • A nano-sized Ag-rich layer exists at the substrate/coating interface. • PEO affects corrosion morphology and susceptibility of Mg-Ag alloy. • A sustained Ag+ release is achieved after PEO of Mg-Ag alloy. The application of biodegradable Mg alloys as implanted devices has been hindered by their low corrosion resistance and potential risk associated with microbial infection. In the present work, a rolled Mg-Ag alloy was studied, which was subjected to plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) to achieve a favoured balance between corrosion resistance and antimicrobial capability. The Ag distribution, corrosion resistance and Ag ionic release behaviour have been examined in details. It is revealed that PEO process leads to both incorporated Ag+ and Ag-rich nanoparticles in forms of metallic Ag and Ag oxide across the coating. In addition, a nano-sized Ag-enriched layer also exists at the substrate/coating interface. The microstructural modification associated with PEO process results in an increased corrosion resistance and a sustained Ag ionic release, indicating that it is a promising surface modification technique for antibacterial Mg-Ag alloy. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]