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(1933). Die Psychoanalyse Des Kindes. By Melanie Klein. Vienna: Internationaler Psychoanalytischer Verlag, 1932. 324 p. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 141-175.

(1935). Quantitative Dream Studies: A Methodological Attempt at a Quantitative Evaluation of Psychoanalytic Material. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 371-407.

(1952). Essays in Applied Psychoanalysis. By Ernest Jones, M.D., F.R.C.P. London: The Hogarth Press, Ltd. and The Institute of Psychoanalysis, 1951. Vol. I, 333 pp. Vol. II, 383 pp. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly: Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 545-573.

(1935). The Problem of PsychoAnalytic Technique. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly: Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 588-611.

(1937). The Neurotic Personality of Our Time. By Karen Horney. New York: W. W. Norton 8c Co., 1937. 299 pp. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 536-555.

(1958). A Contribution to the Theory of Play. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly: Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 175-193.

Psychotherapy, as all curative procedures in medicine, attempts to alleviate suffering by restoring to normal a disturbed function of the biological organism. Psychotherapy's target, however, in distinction to all other therapeutic targets has a central function: human behavior. While surgery and internal medicine try to rehabilitate such circumscribed functions as locomotion, digestion, blood circulation, hormonal secretion, and seeing, psychotherapy is concerned with personality functions, that is to say, the behavior of the total organism in its relation to the environment, particularly to the human environment. Here lies the special social goal. For a long time the human personality was considered mainly determined by heredity. A person is born with certain basic characteristics and will die with them. Hippocrates' characterological theory of basic temperaments, which are determined by different distributions of body humors, had indeed a long hold on Western thought. Characterological features

The psychodynamic approach to an understanding of mental disturbances can be considered a decisive step in psychopathology. It is due to this new point of view that psychopathology has overcome its merely descriptive stage and has become an explanatory science. The psychodynamic approach has also made it possible to influence psychopathologic processes in an intelligent and systematic way. It is worth while for a moment to review critically the work done and the methods employed. Such a critical review has proved necessary and fruitful in every science; for the investigator, submerged in daily work, too easily loses his orientation and is inclined to employ uncritically highly developed and specialized methods in the investigation of new subject matter. The danger of using highly specialized methods in the treatment of patients to whom they are not strictly applicable is even greater in the case of the therapeutist. I am alluding to the

Excerpts will be presented from a correspondence between Sigmund Freud and Eugen Bleuler, which is devoted mainly to Bleuler's withdrawal from the newly formed International Psychoanalytical Association. These excerpts are from seven letters from Freud to Bleuler and 50 letters from Bleuler to Freud, which were written between 1910 and 1925, and have never been published before. Permission was obtained by Dr. Alexander for their publication from Prof Manfred Bleuler, the son of Eugen Bleuler, and also from Ernst Freud, the son of Sigmund Freud.* This correspondence throws light upon the origin not of psychoanalysis as a science, but upon what became known as The Psychoanalytic Movement. It reveals the emotional needs of the pioneers of this young branch of knowledge to organize the psychoanalytic movement as an isolated scientific community outside and in opposition to the rest of the medical fraternity. Psychoanalysis is