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During an investigation of Xylariaceae from 2019 to 2020, isolates representing eight Nemania (Xylariacese) species were collected from Yunnan, Guizhou and Hainan Provinces in China. Morphological and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses, based on combined ITS, α-actin, rpb2 and β-tubulin sequences, confirmed that six of them are new to science, viz. Nemania camelliae, N. changningensis, N. cyclobalanopsina, N. feicuiensis, N. lishuicola and N. rubi; one is a new record (N. caries) for China and one is a known species (N. diffusa). Morphological descriptions and illustrations of all species are detailed. In addition, the characteristics of Nemania are summarised and prevailing contradictions in generic concepts are discussed.

Four species of Xylaria were collected from Guizhou and Hainan provinces in China. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses (based on β-tubulin, rpb2 and α-actin genes) revealed two new species (X. sylvatica sp. nov. and X. wuzhishanensis sp. nov.) and two known species (X. atrosphaerica and X. cubensis). Xylaria sylvatica is distinguished from X. spinulosa by lacking long thorns on the stromatal surface, and larger ascospores (23–28.5 × 7–9.5 μm vs. 19–23 × 6.5–8.5 μm) with a sigmoid germ slit. Xylaria wuzhishanensis differs from X. schweinitzii by its semi-globular or irregularly globose stromata, from X. atrosphaerica by its larger ascospores (23–30.5 × 7–9 μm vs. 17–25 × 6–10 μm). Their descriptions and illustrations are provided.