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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments in social and cognitive activities, stereotypical and repetitive behaviors and restricted areas of interest. A remarkable proportion of ASD patients represent immune dysregulation as well as gastrointestinal complications. Hence, a novel concept has recently emerged, addressing the possible intercommunication between the brain, the immune system, the gut and its commensals. Here, we provide an overview of how gut microbes and their metabolites are associated with neurobehavioral features of ASD through various immunologic mechanisms. Moreover, we discuss the potential therapeutic options that could modify these features. • Children with ASD represent high rates of gastrointestinal complications. • Gut microbiota affects the immune system via various signaling pathways. • Gut-brain axis is defined as a bidirectional interaction between gut microbiota and brain. • Inappropriate stimulation of the immune system disrupts brain function through different mechanisms. • Modifying the microbiota alterations via psychobiotics could reverse the ASD-related behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]