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Objective: To assess the risk of bleeding complications in patients treated with combination aspirin and heparin for cerebral ischemia., Design: A retrospective, cohort study., Setting: A large urban teaching hospital., Patients: One hundred charts of stroke patients who had received anticoagulation with or without aspirin therapy were identified from the Stroke Data Bank. Bleeding rates were compared between the two groups., Results: Forty-two patients who had received heparin and/or warfarin in combination with aspirin were compared with 33 patients who had received anticoagulation alone. The mean duration of anticoagulant therapy was 8.0 and 8.4 days, respectively. Bleeding rates were not different between the two groups: 23.8 percent (10/42) (p = 0.78) and 24.2 percent (8/33), respectively. Although the bleeding rate was substantial, there was only one major bleed (severe epistaxis) occurring in a patient receiving anticoagulation only. No patient had an intracerebral hemorrhage., Conclusions: Our data suggest that combination antithrombotic therapy is safe in a controlled, inpatient setting.