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The relationship between illness perceptions, beliefs about medication and adherence to medication was investigated in a primary care sample of 64 asthma patients. A series of multiple regressions indicated that number of preventer inhaler prescriptions was significantly associated with patient beliefs about the necessity of their asthma medication, and external cause; number of reliever inhaler prescriptions was significantly associated with belief in a long illness duration and high morbidity; self-reported adherence was significantly associated with patient beliefs about the necessity of their asthma medication and strong identity. The implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]