1. Exosome reporter mice reveal the involvement of exosomes in mediating neuron to astroglia communication in the CNS
- Author
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Yongjie Yang, Julia Yelick, Eoin Brown, Shijie Jin, Rachel Jarvis, Haruki Higashimori, Yuqin Men, Ming Sum R. Chiang, and Yang Tian
- Subjects
Central Nervous System ,0301 basic medicine ,Cell biology ,Cell signaling ,Endosome ,Science ,Green Fluorescent Proteins ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Cell Communication ,Biology ,Exosomes ,Models, Biological ,Exosome ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Genes, Reporter ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,lcsh:Science ,Neurons ,Multidisciplinary ,Intercellular Communication Process ,General Chemistry ,Microvesicles ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,MicroRNAs ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 ,nervous system ,Astrocytes ,Soma ,lcsh:Q ,Neuron ,Astrocyte ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Astroglia play active and diverse roles in modulating neuronal/synaptic functions in the CNS. How these astroglial functions are regulated, especially by neuronal signals, remains largely unknown. Exosomes, a major type of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that originate from endosomal intraluminal vesicles (ILVs), have emerged as a new intercellular communication process. By generating cell-type-specific ILVs/exosome reporter (CD63-GFPf/f) mice and immuno-EM/confocal image analysis, we found that neuronal CD63-GFP+ ILVs are primarily localized in soma and dendrites, but not in axonal terminals in vitro and in vivo. Secreted neuronal exosomes contain a subset of microRNAs (miRs) that is distinct from the miR profile of neurons. These miRs, especially the neuron-specific miR-124-3p, are potentially internalized into astrocytes. MiR-124-3p further up-regulates the predominant glutamate transporter GLT1 by suppressing GLT1-inhibiting miRs. Our findings suggest a previously undescribed neuronal exosomal miR-mediated genetic regulation of astrocyte functions, potentially opening a new frontier in understanding CNS intercellular communication., Our current understanding of exosome signaling among CNS cells is mostly limited to culture models. In this study, authors generated a new cell-type specific exosome reporter mouse line which allows the first in vivo investigation of the localization of neuronal exosomes in the CNS, and also potentially highlights the role of exosomally transferred miR-124-3p in mediating astroglial glutamate uptake function
- Published
- 2019