1. Measurement of Jupiter’s asymmetric gravity field
- Author
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S. M. Wahl, Jonathan I. Lunine, L. Gomez Casajus, Burkhard Militzer, Ryan S. Park, Andrea Milani, Dustin Buccino, William B. Hubbard, Paolo Tortora, Luciano Iess, Steven Levin, Marzia Parisi, Ravit Helled, Daniele Durante, Eli Galanti, Yamila Miguel, W. M. Folkner, Marco Zannoni, Scott Bolton, John D. Anderson, Daniele Serra, D. J. Stevenson, P. Racioppa, Tristan Guillot, Yohai Kaspi, Hao Cao, John E. P. Connerney, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Industria de Turbo Propulsores (ITP), ITP, Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Biomécanique et Bioingénierie (BMBI), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Department of Astronomy [Ithaca], Cornell University [New York], NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), ANR-15-IDEX-0001,UCA JEDI,Idex UCA JEDI(2015), Iess, L., Folkner, W.M., Durante, D., Parisi, M., Kaspi, Y., Galanti, E., Guillot, T., Hubbard, W.B., Stevenson, D.J., Anderson, J.D., Buccino, D.R., Casajus, L. Gomez, Milani, A., Park, R., Racioppa, P., Serra, D., Tortora, P., Zannoni, M., Cao, H., Helled, R., Lunine, J.I., Miguel, Y., Militzer, B., Wahl, S., Connerney, J.E.P., Levin, S.M., and Bolton, S.J.
- Subjects
Gravity (chemistry) ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Equator ,planetary sciences ,[SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP] ,Rotation ,01 natural sciences ,Atmosphere ,Jupiter ,Gravitational field ,0103 physical sciences ,Differential rotation ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Physics ,Multidisciplinary ,planetary geodesy ,spacecraft tracking systems ,[SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR] ,Aerospace Engineering, Gas Giants ,Computational physics ,Harmonics ,Physics::Space Physics ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
The gravity harmonics of a fluid, rotating planet can be decomposed into static components arising from solid-body rotation and dynamic components arising from flows. In the absence of internal dynamics, the gravity field is axially and hemispherically symmetric and is dominated by even zonal gravity harmonics J_(2n) that are approximately proportional to q^n, where q is the ratio between centrifugal acceleration and gravity at the planet’s equator. Any asymmetry in the gravity field is attributed to differential rotation and deep atmospheric flows. The odd harmonics, J_3, J_5, J_7, J_9 and higher, are a measure of the depth of the winds in the different zones of the atmosphere. Here we report measurements of Jupiter’s gravity harmonics (both even and odd) through precise Doppler tracking of the Juno spacecraft in its polar orbit around Jupiter. We find a north–south asymmetry, which is a signature of atmospheric and interior flows. Analysis of the harmonics, described in two accompanying papers, provides the vertical profile of the winds and precise constraints for the depth of Jupiter’s dynamical atmosphere.
- Published
- 2018
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