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7 results on '"Formato, Valerio"'

1. Advantages and Requirements in Time Resolving Tracking for Astroparticle Experiments in Space.

Author

Duranti, Matteo, Vagelli, Valerio, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Barbanera, Mattia, Bertucci, Bruna, Catanzani, Enrico, Donnini, Federico, Faldi, Francesco, Formato, Valerio, Graziani, Maura, Ionica, Maria, Moriconi, Lucio, Oliva, Alberto, Serpolla, Andrea, Silvestre, Gianluigi, and Tost, Luca

Subjects
ASTROPHYSICS, COSMIC rays, GRAVITATIONAL waves, CALORIMETRY, AVALANCHE photodiodes
Abstract

A large-area, solid-state detector with single-hit precision timing measurement will enable several breakthrough experimental advances for the direct measurement of particles in space. Silicon microstrip detectors are the most promising candidate technology to instrument the large areas of the next-generation astroparticle space borne detectors that could meet the limitations on power consumption required by operations in space. We overview the novel experimental opportunities that could be enabled by the introduction of the timing measurement, concurrent with the accurate spatial and charge measurement, in Silicon microstrip tracking detectors, and we discuss the technological solutions and their readiness to enable the operations of large-area Silicon microstrip timing detectors in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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2. PAMELA recent results on galactic proton and helium

Author

V. Formato, N. De Simone, Marco Casolino, R. Caruso, A. Insolia, M.C. Maccarone,V. Pirronello, M., Casolino, N., De Simone, and Formato, Valerio

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, PAMELA detector, Proton, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, chemistry.chemical_element, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Cosmic Rays, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Positron, chemistry, Antiproton, law, Antimatter, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Satellite, Nuclear Experiment, Helium
Abstract

PAMELA is a satellite borne experiment designed to study with great accuracy cosmic rays of galactic, solar, and trapped nature in a wide energy range (protons: 80 MeV–1200 GeV, electrons 50 MeV–600 GeV). Main objective is the study of the antimatter component: antiprotons (80 MeV–190 GeV), positrons (50 MeV–270 GeV) and search for antinuclei (with a precision of the order of 10−8). The experiment, housed on board the Russian Resurs-DK1 satellite, was launched on June, 15th 2006 in a 350 × 600 km orbit with an inclination of 70°. In this work we report on the recent results on proton and helium of galactic origin, their solar modulation and the helium isotopic component.

Published
2011
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3. The PAMELA experiment: light-nuclei selection with stand-alone detectors

Author

V. Malvezzi, C. Pizzolotto, P. Spillantini, E. Mocchiutti, C. De Santis, S. Y. Krutkov, V. Di Felice, Matteo Martucci, Ugo Giaccari, Juan Wu, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, V. Bonvicini, P. Picozza, Y. I. Stozhkov, S. V. Koldashov, A. G. Mayorov, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, Alfonso Monaco, G. Castellini, G. I. Vasilyev, Lorenzo Bonechi, V. V. Malakhov, M. Simon, A. A. Leonov, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, Riccardo Munini, L. A. Grishantseva, O. Adriani, Ritabrata Sarkar, W. Menn, M. P. De Pascale, Nicola Mori, Giovanna Jerse, A. Bianco, Maria Teresa Ricci, S. A. Voronov, Valerio Formato, A. M. Galper, D. Campana, M. Bongi, N. N. Nikonov, F. Cafagna, N. De Simone, Marco Casolino, E. A. Bogomolov, V. V. Mikhailov, Laura Rossetto, Y. T. Yurkin, S. V. Borisov, A. V. Karelin, Mirko Boezio, R. Carbone, G. C. Barbarino, G. Osteria, Per Carlson, Roberto Bellotti, A. N. Kvashnin, F. Palma, Andrea Vacchi, L. Marcelli, A. Bruno, V. G. Zverev, S. Bottai, Roberta Sparvoli, M. D. Kheymits, G. Zampa, A D Erlykin, R P Kokoulin, A S Lidvansky, L I Meroshnichenko, M I Panasyuk, A D Panov A W Wolfendale, R., Carbone, O., Adriani, G. C., Barbarino, G. A., Bazilevskaya, R., Bellotti, A., Bianco, M., Boezio, E. A., Bogomolov, L., Bonechi, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S., Borisov, S., Bottai, A., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, M. P., De Pascale, C., De Santi, N., De Simone, V., Di Felice, Formato, Valerio, A. M., Galper, U., Giaccari, L., Grishantseva, Jerse, Giovanna, A. V., Karelin, M. D., Kheymit, S. V., Koldashov, S. Y., Krutkov, A. N., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, V., Malakhov, V., Malvezzi, L., Marcelli, M., Martucci, A. G., Mayorov, W., Menn, V. V., Mikhailov, Mocchiutti, Emiliano, A., Monaco, N., Mori, Munini, Riccardo, N., Nikonov, G., Osteria, F., Palma, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P., Picozza, C., Pizzolotto, M., Ricci, S. B., Ricciarini, L., Rossetto, R., Sarkar, M., Simon, R., Sparvoli, P., Spillantini, Y. I., Stozhkov, Vacchi, Andrea, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasilyev, S. A., Voronov, J., Wu, Y. T., Yurkin, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, V. G., Zverev, O. c., Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G., Bazilevskaya, R. h., Bellotti, A. i., Bianco, E., Bogomolov, S. l., M, A. h., Bruno, M. l., De, C. D., Santi, N. D., Simone, V. D., Felice, V. i., Formato, A., Galper, G. i., Jerse, A., Karelin, M., Kheymit, S., Koldashov, S., Krutkov, A., Kvashnin, M. p., Martucci, A., Mayorov, V., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, A. h., Monaco, R. i. n, N. k. l, Osteria, Giuseppe, F. l., Palma, P. l., Picozza, C. r., S, S., Ricciarini, R. l., Sparvoli, P. c., Spillantini, Y., Stozhkov, A., Vacchi, S., Voronov, Y., Yurkin, and V., Zverev

Subjects
Physics, History, Analysis strategies, Dark matter, Energy ranges, Light nuclei, Magnetic spectrometers, Measurements of, Precise measurements, Propagation models, Space experiments, Time-of-flight system, COSMIC cancer database, Spectrometer, PAMELA detector, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Galaxy, Cosmic Rays, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Cosmic ray measurement, Positron, Antiproton, law, Nuclear Experiment, Cosmic rays, Detectors, Experiments, Galaxies, Isotope
Abstract

Launched on the 15th of June 2006, the space experiment PAMELA is providing data showing interesting features in cosmic rays that might change our basic vision of the mechanisms of production, acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays in the galaxy. In addition, PAMELA measurements of cosmic antiproton and positron fluxes are setting strong constraints to the nature of Dark Matter. PAMELA is also testing cosmic rays acceleration and propagation models through precise measurements of light nuclei and their isotopes. The determination of fluxes and secondary-to-primary ratios is possible for nuclei up to Oxygen in the energy range 200MeV/n – 150 GeV/n. To investigate this important item, PAMELA can use measurements from three main detectors: the magnetic spectrometer, the calorimeter and the Time-of-Flight system. Analysis strategy and performance for nuclei studies using the detectors in stand-alone configuration will be discussed in this work.

Published
2013

4. Cosmic-Ray Positron Energy Spectrum Measured by PAMELA

Author

PAMELA Collaboration, Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Bianco, A., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carbone, R., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Donato, C., De Santis, C., De Simone, N., Di Felice, V., Formato, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S. A., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Merge', M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Palma, F., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Pizzolotto, C., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Rossetto, L., Sarkar, R., Scotti, V., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stochaj, S. J., Stockton, J. C., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Zverev, V. G., Adriani, O., Barbarino, Giancarlo, Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Bianco, A., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carbone, R., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Donato, C., De Santis, C., De Simone, N., Di Felice, V., Formato, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S. A., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Merg?, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, Giuseppe, Palma, F., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Pizzolotto, C., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Rossetto, L., Sarkar, R., Scotti, V., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stochaj, S. J., Stockton, J. C., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Zverev, V. G., O., Adriani, G. C., Barbarino, G. A., Bazilevskaya, R., Bellotti, A., Bianco, M., Boezio, E. A., Bogomolov, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S., Bottai, A., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R., Carbone, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, C., De Donato, C., De Santi, N., De Simone, V., Di Felice, Formato, Valerio, A. M., Galper, A. V., Karelin, S. V., Koldashov, S. A., Koldobskiy, S. Y., Krutkov, A. N., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, V., Malakhov, L., Marcelli, M., Martucci, A. G., Mayorov, W., Menn, M., Mergé, V. V., Mikhailov, Mocchiutti, Emiliano, A., Monaco, N., Mori, Munini, Riccardo, G., Osteria, F., Palma, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P., Picozza, C., Pizzolotto, M., Ricci, S. B., Ricciarini, L., Rossetto, R., Sarkar, V., Scotti, M., Simon, R., Sparvoli, P., Spillantini, S. J., Stochaj, J. C., Stockton, Y. I., Stozhkov, Vacchi, Andrea, E., Vannuccini, G. I., Vasilyev, S. A., Voronov, Y. T., Yurkin, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, and V. G., Zverev

Subjects
Solar minimum, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Flux, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Kinetic energy, Cosmic Ray, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, law.invention, Positron, law, Cosmic Rays, Dark Matter, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, PAMELA detector, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Galaxy, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Precision measurements of the positron component in the cosmic radiation provide important information about the propagation of cosmic rays and the nature of particle sources in our Galaxy. The satellite-borne experiment PAMELA has been used to make a new measurement of the cosmic-ray positron flux and fraction that extends previously published measurements up to 300 GeV in kinetic energy. The combined measurements of the cosmic-ray positron energy spectrum and fraction provide a unique tool to constrain interpretation models. During the recent solar minimum activity period from July 2006 to December 2009 approximately 24500 positrons were observed. The results cannot be easily reconciled with purely secondary production and additional sources of either astrophysical or exotic origin may be required., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters. Corrected a typo in the flux units of Table 1

Published
2013
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5. Anisotropy studies in the cosmic ray proton flux with the PAMELA experiment

Author

S. V. Borisov, P. Spillantini, S. V. Koldashov, Roberta Sparvoli, V. G. Zverev, M. P. De Pascale, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, V. V. Mikhailov, A. Bianco, Riccardo Munini, L. A. Grishantseva, Per Carlson, S. Y. Krutkov, Mirko Boezio, M. Bongi, V. Di Felice, S. A. Voronov, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, Lorenzo Bonechi, D. Campana, V. Malvezzi, E. Mocchiutti, Valerio Formato, Giovanna Jerse, C. De Santis, M. Simon, F. Cafagna, A. A. Leonov, P. Picozza, Marco Casolino, Alfonso Monaco, S. Bottai, L. Marcelli, V. V. Malakhov, V. Bonvicini, E. A. Bogomolov, Y. I. Stozhkov, R. Carbone, A. Bruno, F. Palma, C. Pizzolotto, N. De Simone, Laura Rossetto, Maria Teresa Ricci, A. M. Galper, G. C. Barbarino, N. N. Nikonov, O. Adriani, Ritabrata Sarkar, Ugo Giaccari, G. Zampa, W. Menn, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, Andrea Vacchi, G. Castellini, M. D. Kheymits, Nicola Mori, G. I. Vasilyev, Y. T. Yurkin, Roberto Bellotti, A. N. Kvashnin, A. V. Karelin, G. Osteria, A. G. Mayorov, Matteo Martucci, Juan Wu, U., Giaccari, O., Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G. A., Bazilevskaya, R., Bellotti, A., Bianco, M., Boezio, E. A., Bogomolov, L., Bonechi, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S., Borisov, S., Bottai, A., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R., Carbone, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, M. P., De Pascale, C., De Santi, N., De Simone, V., Di Felice, V., Formato, A. M., Galper, L., Grishantseva, G., Jerse, A. V., Karelin, M. D., Kheymit, S. V., Koldashov, S. Y., Krutkov, A. N., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, V., Malakhov, V., Malvezzi, L., Marcelli, M., Martucci, A. G., Mayorov, W., Menn, V. V., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, A., Monaco, N., Mori, R., Munini, N., Nikonov, Osteria, Giuseppe, F., Palma, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P., Picozza, C., Pizzolotto, M., Ricci, S. B., Ricciarini, L., Rossetto, R., Sarkar, M., Simon, R., Sparvoli, P., Spillantini, Y. I., Stozhkov, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasilyev, S. A., Voronov, J., Wu, Y. T., Yurkin, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, V. G., Zverev, Ivan De Mitri, Nicola Giglietto, Giovanni Marsella, Antonio Surdo, G. C., Barbarino, Formato, Valerio, Jerse, Giovanna, Mocchiutti, Emiliano, Munini, Riccardo, G., Osteria, and Vacchi, Andrea

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Rigidity (electromagnetism), Proton, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Isotropy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Proton flux, Anisotropy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Cosmic Rays
Abstract

Using data taken by the Pamela experiment during 5 years of operation we studied the anisotropy in the arrival direction distribution of cosmic ray protons with rigidity above 40 GV. In this survey we used two different and independent techniques to investigate the large and medium anisotropy patterns in the proton spectrum. With both methods the observed distribution of arrival directions is consistent with the isotropic expectation and no significant evidence of strong anisotropies has been observed.

Published
2013

6. Search for cosmic ray electron-positron anisotropies with the Pamela data

Author

Riccardo Munini, S. Y. Krutkov, A. V. Karelin, G. Osteria, D. Campana, V. Malvezzi, Marco Casolino, A. Bianco, Alfonso Monaco, A. M. Galper, V. G. Zverev, M. P. De Pascale, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, S. V. Koldashov, P. Picozza, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, Roberta Sparvoli, L. Marcelli, A. Bruno, Y. T. Yurkin, Roberto Bellotti, A. N. Kvashnin, Maria Teresa Ricci, P. Spillantini, V. Di Felice, F. Cafagna, V. Bonvicini, Y. I. Stozhkov, Matteo Martucci, Lorenzo Bonechi, Juan Wu, M. Simon, A. A. Leonov, F. Palma, E. Mocchiutti, V. V. Malakhov, Ugo Giaccari, C. De Santis, S. Bottai, M. D. Kheymits, N. Zampa, C. Pizzolotto, G. A. Bazilevskaya, V. V. Mikhailov, N. N. Nikonov, Andrea Vacchi, Mirko Boezio, Giovanna Jerse, A. G. Mayorov, M. Bongi, R. Carbone, G. C. Barbarino, G. Zampa, L. A. Grishantseva, O. Adriani, W. Menn, G. I. Vasilyev, Nicola Mori, S. V. Borisov, S. A. Voronov, E. A. Bogomolov, Laura Rossetto, Ritabrata Sarkar, Valerio Formato, G. Castellini, Per Carlson, N. De Simone, D., Campana, U., Giaccari, O. c., Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G., Bazilevskaya, R. g., Bellotti, A. i., Bianco, M., Boezio, E., Bogomolov, L., Bonechi, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S. l., M, S., Bottai, A. g., Bruno, F., Cafagna, R., Carbone, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, M. l., De, C. D., Santi, N. D., Simone, V. D., Felice, V. i., Formato, A., Galper, L., Grishantseva, G. i., Jerse, A., Karelin, M., Kheymit, S., Koldashov, S., Krutkov, A., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, V., Malakhov, V., Malvezzi, L., Marcelli, M. p., Martucci, A., Mayorov, W., Menn, V., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, A. g., Monaco, N., Mori, R. i. n, N. k. l, Osteria, Giuseppe, F. l., Palma, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P. l., Picozza, C. r., S, M., Ricci, S., Ricciarini, L., Rossetto, R., Sarkar, M., Simon, R. l., Sparvoli, P. c., Spillantini, Y., Stozhkov, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasilyev, S., Voronov, J., Wu, Y., Yurkin, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, V., Zverev, A D Erlykin, R P Kokoulin, A S Lidvansky, L I Meroshnichenko, M I Panasyuk, A D Panov and A W Wolfendale, O., Adriani, G. C., Barbarino, G. A., Bazilevskaya, R., Bellotti, A., Bianco, E. A., Bogomolov, S., Borisov, A., Bruno, M. P., De Pascale, C., De Santi, N., De Simone, V., Di Felice, Formato, Valerio, A. M., Galper, Jerse, Giovanna, A. V., Karelin, M. D., Kheymit, S. V., Koldashov, S. Y., Krutkov, A. N., Kvashnin, M., Martucci, A. G., Mayorov, V. V., Mikhailov, Mocchiutti, Emiliano, A., Monaco, Munini, Riccardo, N., Nikonov, G., Osteria, F., Palma, P., Picozza, C., Pizzolotto, S. B., Ricciarini, R., Sparvoli, P., Spillantini, Y. I., Stozhkov, Vacchi, Andrea, S. A., Voronov, Y. T., Yurkin, and V. G., Zverev

Subjects
Physics, History, Angular distribution, Anisotropy, Positron, PAMELA detector, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Isotropy, Flux, Cosmic ray, Electron, Astrophysics, Cosmic Rays, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, Angular scale, Arrival direction, Cosmic ray electrons, Directional Analysis, Strong anisotropy, Nuclear physics, Positron, law, Anisotropy, Directional analysis
Abstract

Using data taken by the Pamela experiment during 5 years of operation we studied the anisotropy in the arrival direction of cosmic ray electrons and positrons with energy above 40 GeV. We report on a study of anisotropy in the e�� flux at different angular scales extending from 30��up to 90��, furthermore a directional analysis has been performed around the Sun direction. The observed distribution of arrival directions is consistent with the isotropic expectation at any angular scale used in this study and no significant evidence of strong anisotropies has been observed, also the analysis around the Sun direction did not show any significant excess.

Published
2013

7. OBSERVATIONS OF THE 2006 DECEMBER 13 AND 14 SOLAR PARTICLE EVENTS IN THE 80 MeV n–1-3 GeV n–1RANGE FROM SPACE WITH THE PAMELA DETECTOR

Author

O. Adriani, G. C. Barbarino, G. A. Bazilevskaya, R. Bellotti, M. Boezio, E. A. Bogomolov, L. Bonechi, M. Bongi, V. Bonvicini, S. Borisov, S. Bottai, A. Bruno, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, R. Carbone, P. Carlson, M. Casolino, G. Castellini, L. Consiglio, M. P. De Pascale, C. De Santis, N. De Simone, V. Di Felice, V. Formato, A. M. Galper, L. Grishantseva, W. Gillard, G. Jerse, A. V. Karelin, S. V. Koldashov, S. Y. Krutkov, A. N. Kvashnin, A. Leonov, V. Malakhov, L. Marcelli, A. G. Mayorov, W. Menn, V. V. Mikhailov, E. Mocchiutti, A. Monaco, N. Mori, N. Nikonov, G. Osteria, F. Palma, P. Papini, M. Pearce, P. Picozza, C. Pizzolotto, M. Ricci, S. B. Ricciarini, R. Sarkar, L. Rossetto, M. Simon, R. Sparvoli, P. Spillantini, Y. I. Stozhkov, A. Vacchi, E. Vannuccini, G. Vasilyev, S. A. Voronov, J. Wu, Y. T. Yurkin, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, V. G. Zverev, O., Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G. A., Bazilevskaya, R., Bellotti, M., Boezio, E. A., Bogomolov, L., Bonechi, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S., Borisov, S., Bottai, A., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R., Carbone, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, Consiglio, Lucia, M. P., De Pascale, C., De Santi, N., De Simone, V., Di Felice, V., Formato, A. M., Galper, L., Grishantseva, W., Gillard, G., Jerse, A. V., Karelin, S. V., Koldashov, S. Y., Krutkov, A. N., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, V., Malakhov, L., Marcelli, A. G., Mayorov, W., Menn, V. V., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, A., Monaco, N., Mori, N., Nikonov, Osteria, Giuseppe, F., Palma, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P., Picozza, C., Pizzolotto, M., Ricci, S. B., Ricciarini, R., Sarkar, L., Rossetto, M., Simon, R., Sparvoli, P., Spillantini, Y. I., Stozhkov, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasilyev, S. A., Voronov, J., Wu, Y. T., Yurkin, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, V. G., Zverev, G. C., Barbarino, L., Consiglio, Formato, Valerio, Jerse, Giovanna, Mocchiutti, Emiliano, G., Osteria, and Vacchi, Andrea

Subjects
Sun: flares, Proton, Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs), instrument [space vehicles], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, chemistry.chemical_element, space vehicles: instruments, Sun: coronal mass ejections: CMEs, Sun: flares, Astrophysics, law.invention, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, law, Neutron, space vehicles: instruments, Nuclear Experiment, Helium, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Neutron monitor, Solar energetic particles, PAMELA detector, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Sun: coronal mass ejections: CMEs, coronal mass ejections (CMEs) [Sun], flares [Sun], chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, Event (particle physics)
Abstract

We present the space spectrometer PAMELA observations of proton and helium fluxes during the December 13 and 14, 2006 solar particle events. This is the first direct measurement of the solar energetic particles in space with a single instrument in the energy range from $\sim$ 80 MeV/n up to $\sim$ 3 GeV/n. In the event of December 13 measured energy spectra of solar protons and helium were compared with results obtained by neutron monitors and other detectors. Our measurements show a spectral behaviour different from those derived from the neutron monitor network. No satisfactory analytical fitting was found for the energy spectra. During the first hours of the December 13 event solar energetic particles spectra were close to the exponential form demonstrating rather significant temporal evolution. Solar He with energy up to ~1 GeV/n was recorded on December 13. In the event of December 14 energy of solar protons reached ~600 MeV whereas maximum energy of He was below 100 MeV/n. The spectra were slightly bended in the lower energy range and preserved their form during the second event. Difference in the particle flux appearance and temporal evolution in these two events may argue for a special conditions leading to acceleration of solar particles up to relativistic energies.

Published
2011
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