1. Electromagnetic field observations by the DEMETER satellite in connection with the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake
- Author
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I. Bertello, M. Piersanti, M. Candidi, P. Diego, and P. Ubertini
- Subjects
Electromagnetic field ,Atmospheric Science ,LEO satellite electric field ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Physics::Geophysics ,0103 physical sciences ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Ionosphere ,lcsh:Science ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Physics ,lcsh:QC801-809 ,Geology ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Geodesy ,lcsh:QC1-999 ,Magnetic field ,lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,Earth's magnetic field ,electromagnetic anomaly before earthquake ,Space and Planetary Science ,Local time ,Kurtosis ,Satellite ,lcsh:Q ,Event (particle physics) ,Energy (signal processing) ,lcsh:Physics - Abstract
To define a background in the electromagnetic emissions above seismic regions, it is necessary to define the statistical distribution of the wave energy in the absence of seismic activity and any other anomalous input (e.g. solar forcing). This paper presents a completely new method to determine both the environmental and instrumental backgrounds applied to the entire DEMETER satellite electric and magnetic field data over L'Aquila. Our technique is based on a new data analysis tool called ALIF (adaptive local iterative filtering, Cicone et al., 2016; Cicone and Zhou, 2017; Piersanti et al., 2017b). To evaluate the instrumental background, we performed a multiscale statistical analysis in which the instantaneous relative energy (ϵrel), kurtosis, and Shannon entropy were calculated. To estimate the environmental background, a map, divided into 1° × 1° latitude–longitude cells, of the averaged relative energy (ϵrel), has been constructed, taking into account the geomagnetic activity conditions, the presence of seismic activity, and the local time sector of the satellite orbit. Any distinct signal different (over a certain threshold) from both the instrumental and environmental backgrounds will be considered as a case event to be investigated. Interestingly, on 4 April 2009, when DEMETER flew exactly over L'Aquila at UT = 20:29, an anomalous signal was observed at 333 Hz on both the electric and magnetic field data, whose characteristics seem to be related to pre-seismic activity.
- Published
- 2018