7 results on '"Seogju Cho"'
Search Results
2. Status of Ambient PM2.5 Pollution in the Seoul Megacity (2020)
- Author
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Yong-Seung Shin, Seogju Cho, Jung-Hoon Uhm, Jun-Hyuk Ahn, Yongsuk Choi, Eun-Han Kwon, Il-Sang Bae, Ji-Hye Seong, Young-Jun Kim, and Hyeji Ju
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Pollution ,Atmospheric Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Air pollution ,Atmospheric sciences ,medicine.disease_cause ,complex mixtures ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,CAMX ,contribution ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,camx ,medicine ,Nitrogen dioxide ,GE1-350 ,Precipitation ,Air quality index ,TD1-1066 ,General Environmental Science ,media_common ,Pollutant ,Environmental sciences ,Megacity ,chemistry ,Environmental science ,pm2.5 ,seoul - Abstract
The Center for Air Quality &Control at the Seoul Research Institute of Public Health and the Environment (SIHE) has monitored changes in the concentration of fine dust in Seoul over the past 10 years and investigated meteorological factors as well as fine particulate matter (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations in northeastern China and its contribution to the PM2.5 concentration in Seoul. The concentration of fine dust in Seoul in 2020 was 21 µg/m3, which is down 16% from 2019 and the lowest since 2010. In 2020, China’s emissions of pollutants such as NO2 have decreased significantly due to regional blockades, social distancing, and factory shutdowns caused by COVID-19. As a results, the concentration of precursors such as SO2 and NO2, and PM2.5 in northeastern China are also decreased, which contributed to the reduction in PM2.5 concentration in Seoul caused by westerly winds blowing. In addition, the ratio of east and south winds that usually contain low concentrations of pollutants was more than 30% of the total air currents into Seoul, which is the highest in the last three years. Moreover, the mean wind velocity and the amount of precipitation were also the highest recorded values of 2.4 m/s and 1651.0 mm, respectively. Calculations using Comprehensive Air quality Model with eXtensions (CAMx)-Particulate Source Apportionment Technology (PSAT) show that the contribution of external inflows to the PM2.5 concentration in Seoul was 65%. We believe that the reasons for the low PM2.5 concentration in 2020 are due to meteorological factors and a decrease in air pollution in northeastern China. Meanwhile, the major contribution of emissions in Seoul (resuspended road dust and non-exhaust dust) was high. When the concentration of PM2.5 was high, the contribution of resuspended road dust was reduced due to an increase of secondary generating materials. Currently, data on emission reduction due to the COVID-19 cannot be assessed, which we believe will enable more accurate contribution calculations in the future. © 2021
- Published
- 2021
3. Impacts of local vs. trans-boundary emissions from different sectors on PM2.5 exposure in South Korea during the KORUS-AQ campaign
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Jung-Hun Woo, Seogju Cho, Hyung-Min Lee, Hye Jung Shin, Jinkyul Choi, Jaein I. Jeong, Soo-Jin Ban, Daven K. Henze, Chang-Keun Song, David A. Peterson, Mindo Lee, Seungun Lee, Mi-Kyung Park, Rokjin J. Park, Duseong S. Jo, and Cheol-Soo Lim
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Pollution ,Atmospheric Science ,education.field_of_study ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Chemical transport model ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Oecd countries ,010501 environmental sciences ,Atmospheric sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Trans boundary ,Peninsula ,Environmental science ,Emission inventory ,education ,Air quality index ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,media_common - Abstract
High concentrations of PM2.5 have become a serious environmental issue in South Korea, which ranked 1st or 2nd among OECD countries in terms of population exposure to PM2.5. Quantitative understanding of PM2.5 source attribution is thus crucial for developing efficient air quality mitigation strategies. Here we use a suite of extensive observations of PM2.5 and its precursors concentrations during the international KORea-US cooperative Air Quality field study in Korea (KORUS-AQ) in May–June 2016 to investigate source contributions to PM2.5 in South Korea under various meteorological conditions. For the quantitative analysis, we updated a 3-D chemical transport model, GEOS-Chem, and its adjoint with the latest regional emission inventory and other recent findings. The updated model is evaluated by comparing against observed daily PM2.5 and its component concentrations from six ground sites (Bangnyung, Bulkwang, Olympic park, Gwangju, Ulsan, and Jeju). Overall, simulated concentrations of daily PM2.5 and its components are in a good agreement with observations over the peninsula. We conduct an adjoint sensitivity analysis for simulated surface level PM2.5 concentrations at five ground sites (except for Bangnyung because of its small population) under four different meteorological conditions: dynamic weather, stagnant, extreme pollution, and blocking periods. Source contributions by regions vary greatly depending on synoptic meteorological conditions. Chinese contribution accounts for almost 68% of PM2.5 in surface air in South Korea during the extreme pollution period of the campaign, whereas an enhanced contribution from domestic sources (57%) occurs for the blocking period. Results from our sensitivity analysis suggest that the reduction of domestic anthropogenic NH3 emissions could be most effective in reducing population exposure to PM2.5 in South Korea (effectiveness = 14%) followed by anthropogenic SO2 emissions from Shandong region (effectiveness = 11%), domestic anthropogenic NOx emissions (effectiveness = 10%), anthropogenic NH3 emissions from Shandong region (effectiveness = 8%), anthropogenic NOx emissions from Shandong region (effectiveness = 7%), domestic anthropogenic OC emissions (effectiveness = 7%), and domestic anthropogenic BC emissions (effectiveness = 5%).
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- 2019
4. PM2.5 pH estimation in Seoul during the KORUS-AQ campaign using different thermodynamic models
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Sangdeok Shim, Sung Hoon Park, Seogju Cho, Jae-Jin Kim, Minjoong J. Kim, Okhyun Park, Dae-Gyun Lee, Yusin Kim, and Jin-Young Choi
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Atmosphere ,Atmospheric Science ,Thermodynamic equilibrium ,Phase state ,Chemistry ,Particle ,Thermodynamics ,Relative humidity ,Air quality index ,General Environmental Science ,Stable state ,Aerosol - Abstract
Despite its profound influence on air quality, the aerosol acidity, quantifiable by aerosol pH is poorly characterized in South Korea where high concentrations of fine particles have become a serious environmental issue. In this study, we estimated the pH values of PM2.5 using observations of inorganic species and precursor gases concentrations, ambient temperature and relative humidity (RH), measured at the Olympic Park in Seoul during the KORUS-AQ campaign (10 May to June 19, 2016). For the aerosol pH calculation, the ISORROPIA and E-AIM thermodynamic equilibrium models in forward mode were used, in which we found the phase state assumption, either stable (solid + liquid) or metastable (liquid only) had no significant impact on pH predictions. As reported previously, the unrealistic pH prediction of ∼7.6 by ISORROPIA, which largely misrepresents ammonia-rich aerosol contents in the Seoul atmosphere was mainly due to coding errors in the standard ISORROPIA model (i.e., forward mode with stable state assumption). Using the revised ISORROPIA, pH predictions obtained with stable assumption approached those obtained with the metastable state assumption. Following such amendment, fine particle samples were predicted to be acidic with pH values ranging from 1.5 to 4.0 as determined by both ISORROPIA and E-AIM calculations. These pH values were higher than those reported in the United States and Europe and lower than those reported in northern China. A comparison of ISORROPIA and E-AIM models revealed that the pH values obtained using ISORROPIA were consistently but only ∼0.4 pH unit higher than those obtained using E-AIM, demonstrating the precision and consistent utility of thermodynamic equilibrium model in the quantification of PM2.5 pH in Seoul.
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- 2022
5. Factors controlling surface ozone in the Seoul Metropolitan Area during the KORUS-AQ campaign
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Jun-Young Ahn, Meehye Lee, Jinkyu Hong, Andrew R. Whitehill, Gangwoong Lee, Jinsang Jung, James Szykman, Heejeong Kim, Junsu Gil, Moon-Soo Park, Seogju Cho, and Deug-Soo Kim
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Atmospheric Science ,Daytime ,Environmental Engineering ,Ozone ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Planetary boundary layer ,KORUS-AQ ,Air quality ,NOx and VOCs ,PM2.5 ,SMA (Seoul Metropolitan Area) ,010501 environmental sciences ,Oceanography ,Atmospheric sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Air quality index ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,NOx ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,Ecology ,Geology ,Westerlies ,korus-aq ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,air quality ,nox and vocs ,Aerosol ,Trace gas ,ozone ,sma (seoul metropolitan area) ,chemistry ,Environmental science ,pm2.5 - Abstract
To understand the characteristics of air quality in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, intensive measurements were conducted under the Korea-United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign. Trace gases such as O3, NOx, NOy, SO2, CO, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), photochemical byproducts such as H2O2 and HCHO, aerosol species, and meteorological variables including planetary boundary layer height were simultaneously measured at Olympic Park in Seoul. During the measurement period, high O3 episodes that exceeded the 90 ppbv hourly maximum occurred on 14 days under four distinct synoptic meteorological conditions. Furthermore, local circulation such as land–sea breeze and diurnal evolution of the boundary layer were crucial in determining the concentrations of precursor gases, including NOx and VOC as well as O3. During such episodes, the nighttime NOx and VOC and daytime UV levels were higher compared to non-episode days. The overall precursor levels and photochemical activity were represented fairly well by variations in the HCHO, which peaked in the morning during the high O3 episodes. This study revealed that toluene was the most abundant VOC in Seoul, and its concentration increased greatly with NOx due to the large local influence under stagnant conditions. When O3 was highly elevated concurrently with PM2.5 under dominant westerlies, NOx and VOCs were relatively lower and CO was noticeably higher than in other episodes. Additionally, the O3 production efficiency was the highest due to a low NOx with the highest NOz/NOy ratio among the four episodes. When westerlies were dominant in transport-south episode, the nighttime concentration of O3 remained as high as 40~50 ppbv due to the minimum level of NOx titration. Overall, the Seoul Metropolitan Area is at NOx-saturated and VOC-limited conditions, which was diagnosed by indicator species and VOC/NOx ratios.
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- 2020
6. Investigation of factors controlling PM2.5 variability across the South Korean Peninsula during KORUS-AQ
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Johnathan W. Hair, James H. Crawford, Bruce E. Anderson, Deug-Soo Kim, Andreas J. Beyersdorf, Andrew R. Whitehill, Jinsang Jung, Carolyn E. Jordan, Kara D. Lamb, Benjamin A. Nault, Jun-Young Ahn, Thomas F. Eck, Hwajin Kim, James Szykman, Gao Chen, Jin-Soo Park, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jae Hong Lee, Glenn S. Diskin, Gangwoong Lee, Luke D. Ziemba, Marta A. Fenn, Hannah S. Halliday, Taehyoung Lee, Meehye Lee, David A. Peterson, Jose L. Jimenez, Ralph Kuehn, Katherine R. Travis, Rokjin J. Park, Seogju Cho, Richard H. Moore, Joshua P. DiGangi, Joshua P. Schwarz, Michael Shook, Hye Jung Shin, Robert E. Holz, Melinda Schueneman, and Lim-Seok Chang
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Atmospheric Science ,Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,PM2.5 ,010501 environmental sciences ,Oceanography ,High ozone ,Atmospheric sciences ,01 natural sciences ,complex mixtures ,Article ,Peninsula ,South Korea ,Air quality index ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,Aerosols ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,Geology ,Particulates ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,KORUS-AQ ,Aerosol ,Air quality ,Environmental science - Abstract
The Korea – United States Air Quality Study (May – June 2016) deployed instrumented aircraft and ground-based measurements to elucidate causes of poor air quality related to high ozone and aerosol concentrations in South Korea. This work synthesizes data pertaining to aerosols (specifically, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters
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- 2020
7. Characteristics of HONO and its impact on O3 formation in the Seoul Metropolitan Area during the Korea-US Air Quality study
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Meehye Lee, Junsu Gil, Jeonghwan Kim, Andrew R. Whitehill, Jinsang Jung, Gangwoong Lee, Joonyoung Ahn, Jeonghoon Lee, James Szykman, Dong Soo Lee, and Seogju Cho
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Atmospheric Science ,Nitrous acid ,Differential absorption ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Aerosol ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental science ,Relative humidity ,Air quality index ,NOx ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Photolysis of nitrous acid (HONO) is recognized as an early-morning source of OH radicals in the urban air. During the Korea-US air quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign, HONO was measured using quantum cascade - tunable infrared laser differential absorption spectrometer (QC-TILDAS) at Olympic Park in Seoul from 17 May, 2016 to 14 June, 2016. The HONO concentration was in the range of 0.07-3.46 ppbv, with an average of 0.93 ppbv. Moreover, it remained high from 00:00-05:00 LST. During this time, the mean concentration was higher during the high-O3 episodes (1.82 ppbv) than the non-episodes (1.20 ppbv). In the morning, the OH radicals that were produced from HONO photolysis were 50% higher (0.95 pptv) during the high-O3 episodes than the non-episodes. Diurnal variations in HOx and O3 concentrations were simulated by the F0AM model, which revealed a difference of ~20 ppbv in the daily maximum O3 concentrations between the high-O3 episodes and non-episodes. Furthermore, the HONO concentration increased with an increase in relative humidity (RH) up to 80%; the highest HONO was associated with the top 10% NO2 in each RH group, confirming that NO2 is one of the main precursors of HONO. At night, the conversion ratio of NO2 to HONO was estimated to be 0.88×10-2 h-1; this ratio was found to increase with an increase in RH. The Aitken mode particles (30-120 nm), which act as catalyst surfaces, exhibited a similar tendency with a conversion ratio that increased along with RH, indicating the coupling of surfaces with HONO conversion. Using an artificial neural network (ANN) model, HONO concentrations were successfully simulated with measured variables (r2 = 0.66 as an average of five models). Among these variables, NOx, aerosol surface area, and RH were found to be the main factors affecting the ambient HONO concentrations. The results reveal that RH facilitates the conversion of NO2 to HONO by constraining the availability of aerosol surfaces. This study demonstrates the coupling of HONO with the HOx-O3 cycle in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) and provides practical evidence of the heterogeneous formation of HONO by employing the ANN model.
- Published
- 2021
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