3 results
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2. Integrative assessment of climate change for fast-growing urban areas: Measurement and recommendations for future research.
- Author
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Scheuer, Sebastian, Haase, Dagmar, and Volk, Martin
- Subjects
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CLIMATE change , *URBANIZATION , *WATER supply , *CITIES & towns , *STRATEGIC planning , *ATMOSPHERIC sciences - Abstract
Over the 20th century, urbanization has substantially shaped the surface of Earth. With population rapidly shifting from rural locations towards the cities, urban areas have dramatically expanded on a global scale and represent crystallization points of social, cultural and economic assets and activities. This trend is estimated to persist for the next decades, and particularly the developing countries are expected to face rapid urban growth. The management of this growth will require good governance strategies and planning. By threatening the livelihoods, assets and health as foundations of human activities, another major global change contributor, climate change, became an equally important concern of stakeholders. Based on the climate trends observed over the 20th century, and a spatially explicit model of urbanization, this paper investigates the impacts of climate change in relation to different stages of development of urban areas, thus evolving a more integrated perspective on both processes. As a result, an integrative measure of climate change trends and impacts is proposed and estimated for urban areas worldwide. We show that those areas facing major urban growth are to a large extent also hotspots of climate change. Since most of these hotspots are located in the Global South, we emphasize the need for stakeholders to co-manage both drivers of global change. The presented integrative perspective is seen as a starting point to foster such co-management, and furthermore as a means to facilitate communication and knowledge exchange on climate change impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Anthropological contributions to historical ecology: 50 questions, infinite prospects.
- Author
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Armstrong, Chelsey Geralda, Shoemaker, Anna C., McKechnie, Iain, Ekblom, Anneli, Szabó, Péter, Lane, Paul J., McAlvay, Alex C., Boles, Oliver J., Walshaw, Sarah, Petek, Nik, Gibbons, Kevin S., Quintana Morales, Erendira, Anderson, Eugene N., Ibragimow, Aleksandra, Podruczny, Grzegorz, Vamosi, Jana C., Marks-Block, Tony, LeCompte, Joyce K., Awâsis, Sākihitowin, and Nabess, Carly
- Subjects
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PALEOECOLOGY , *EARTH sciences , *ATMOSPHERIC sciences , *CLIMATE change , *ANTHROPOLOGY - Abstract
This paper presents the results of a consensus-driven process identifying 50 priority research questions for historical ecology obtained through crowdsourcing, literature reviews, and in-person workshopping. A deliberative approach was designed to maximize discussion and debate with defined outcomes. Two in-person workshops (in Sweden and Canada) over the course of two years and online discussions were peer facilitated to define specific key questions for historical ecology from anthropological and archaeological perspectives. The aim of this research is to showcase the variety of questions that reflect the broad scope for historical-ecological research trajectories across scientific disciplines. Historical ecology encompasses research concerned with decadal, centennial, and millennial human-environmental interactions, and the consequences that those relationships have in the formation of contemporary landscapes. Six interrelated themes arose from our consensus-building workshop model: (1) climate and environmental change and variability; (2) multi-scalar, multi-disciplinary; (3) biodiversity and community ecology; (4) resource and environmental management and governance; (5) methods and applications; and (6) communication and policy. The 50 questions represented by these themes highlight meaningful trends in historical ecology that distill the field down to three explicit findings. First, historical ecology is fundamentally an applied research program. Second, this program seeks to understand long-term human-environment interactions with a focus on avoiding, mitigating, and reversing adverse ecological effects. Third, historical ecology is part of convergent trends toward transdisciplinary research science, which erodes scientific boundaries between the cultural and natural. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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