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Trombe walls have significant energy-saving features and are therefore of great interest to researchers. However, additional research about the Trombe wall is needed to reduce indoor temperature fluctuations and to improve thermal behavior under different climatic conditions. A new Trombe wall system was proposed which uses Venetian blinds and a basement. The field tests were conducted to compare the thermal performance of four types of rooms: (i) no Trombe wall (control), (ii) classical Trombe wall (TW), (iii) Trombe wall with Venetian blinds (TW+VB), and (iv) Trombe wall with Venetian blinds and a basement (TW+VB+B). The field measurements were conducted during the winter near Shihezi City in northwest China. The objective of this study was (i) to evaluate the thermal performance of a novel Trombe wall system under different operation conditions, and (ii) to confirm the optimal angle of Venetian blinds during the heating period. The results demonstrated that the TW+VB+B system effectively reduced indoor temperature fluctuations after sunset. Furthermore, during the daytime, the average air temperatures in the test rooms were 13.6°C higher in the TW+VB+B system than in the control. The average temperature at the air outlet in the TW+VB+B system was 4.9°C higher than that in the TW+VB system during the daytime, and the average predicted mean vote (PMV) of the test room was 1.02 units greater in the TW+VB+B system than in the control. The thermal efficiency remains in the range of 40%–65% when the Venetian blind angle was set at 45°. In conclusion, the experiment results showed that the TW+VB+B system can not only reduce indoor temperature fluctuations but also improve thermal performance in winter. Both the heating energy consumption in buildings and pollutants emission in the environment were lessened through the application of this passive solar energy-saving technology. Therefore, this can provide valuable insights for improving the thermal performance of the novel Trombe Wall system in such village houses.