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In this paper, diffraction properties of several gratings are considered on the basis of the Fourier physical theory. Binary gratings with unequal strip width are of particular interest, as well as the case of two interlaced gratings of the same period. Under scope are absorptive gratings, phase gratings, and mixed gratings. Some variants of binary gratings, as the so called Bi-Ronchi gratings (2D-gratings), are also discussed. In particular, phase gratings with absorption (mixed gratings) are also taken into account. The interferograms generated for this type of gratings are shown in this work. As examples, the patterns for a spherical mirror are obtained for different grating parameters and different values of primary aberrations. Some of the resulting relevant properties are remarked. Related experimental works from several structures of the gratings are shown. This study can be used not only for optical testing, but also for light gratings for particle diffraction or to describe diffraction effects of micro-gratings.

a b s t r a c t In this research we implemented a two windows interferometer based on polarization phase shifting and grating interferometry techniques in order to retrieve the phase data profile of the object in a single capture. The optical configuration has two optical beams with circular polarization in opposite directions, and it is coupled with a 4-f system. An amplitude grid is used as a filter which is placed at the Fourier plane to obtain replicas of each beam which can properly interfere, depending on the separation between beams. The interferometer presents the capability of changing the beam separation in order to make different orders interfere properly. The interference patterns produced can be separately modulated through the operation of linear polarizer's placed on each interference replica. In order to present the capabilities of the system we will select four interferograms result of contiguous orders interference. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).