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1. Bimodality: a possible signature of the liquid-gas phase transition of nuclear matter

Author

R. Bougault, Aladin Collaborations, M. Pichon, B. Tamain, O. Lopez, Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire de Caen (LPCC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), and INDRA

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Phase transition, media_common.quotation_subject, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Nuclear matter, Asymmetry, Heat capacity, Bimodality, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, Scaling, Excitation, media_common
Abstract

Bimodality has been observed on the asymmetry between the charges of the two heaviest products resulting from the decay of the QP released in peripheral Xe+Sn and Au+Au collisions from 60 to 100 MeV/u. Bimodality is observed for intermediate impact parameters for which the quasi-projectile is clearly identified. The two event families correspond to different excitation energies as it is expected in a first order phase transition picture. It seems that the relevant parameter which governs the phenomenon is the dissipated energy per nucleon. It is also shown that it is possible to correlate the bimodality signal with the negative heat capacity and the Delta scaling. All together, this set of data is coherent with a liquid-gas phase transition of finite pieces of nuclear matter.

Published
2005

2. Statistical multifragmentation of non-spherical expanding sources in central heavy-ion collisions

Author

W. Trautmann, Mariano Vigilante, O. Lopez, A. Chbihi, P. Lautesse, Elio Rosato, Aladin Collaborations Indra, B. Zwieglinski, F. Lavaud, J.D. Frankland, R. Dayras, A. Trzcinski, E. Galichet, W. F. J. Müller, B. Hurst, C. Volant, C. Sfienti, A. Saija, L. Nalpas, R. Bittiger, N. Bellaize, C. Schwarz, D. Guinet, Sylvie Hudan, J. Łukasik, J.L. Charvet, A. S. Botvina, V. D. Toneev, M.L. Begemann-Blaich, A. Le Fèvre, Bernard Borderie, E. Plagnol, R. Legrain, U. Lynen, D. Gourio, F. Bocage, D. Durand, G. Auger, R. Bougault, K. Turzo, B. Tamain, H. Orth, Bertrand Bouriquet, M. Ploszajczak, E. Vient, Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire de Caen (LPCC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ALADIN, INDRA, A., Le Fèvre, M., Ploszajczak, V. D., Toneev, G., Auger, M. L., Begemann Blaich, N., Bellaize, R., Bittiger, F., Bocage, B., Borderie, R., Bougault, B., Bouriquet, J. L., Charvet, A., Chbihi, R., Dayra, D., Durand, J. D., Frankland, E., Galichet, D., Gourio, D., Guinet, S., Hudan, B., Hurst, P., Lautesse, F., Lavaud, R., Legrain, O., Lopez, J., Lukasik, U., Lynen, W. F. J., Müller, L., Nalpa, H., Orth, E., Plagnol, Rosato, Elio, A., Saija, C., Schwarz, C., Sfienti, J. C., Steckmeyer, B., Tamain, W., Trautmann, A., Trzcinski, K., Turzo, E., Vient, Vigilante, Mariano, C., Volant, B. Zwieglinski e. A. S., Botvina, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)

Subjects
25.70.Pq, 24.60.-k, 25.75.Ld, Physics, Nuclear reaction, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Prolate spheroid, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Relaxation (physics), Beam direction, Heavy ion, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Atomic physics, Deformation (engineering), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Anisotropy
Abstract

We study the anisotropy effects measured with INDRA at GSI in central collisions of Xe+Sn at 50 A.MeV and Au+Au at 60, 80, 100 A.MeV incident energy. The microcanonical multifragmentation model with non-spherical sources is used to simulate an incomplete shape relaxation of the multifragmenting system. This model is employed to interpret observed anisotropic distributions in the fragment size and mean kinetic energy. The data can be well reproduced if an expanding prolate source aligned along the beam direction is assumed. An either non-Hubblean or non-isotropic radial expansion is required to describe the fragment kinetic energies and their anisotropy. The qualitative similarity of the results for the studied reactions suggests that the concept of a longitudinally elongated freeze-out configuration is generally applicable for central collisions of heavy systems. The deformation decreases slightly with increasing beam energy., Comment: 35 pages, 19 figures, submitted to Nuclear Physics A

Published
2004

3. Energy calibration for the INDRA multidetector using recoil protons from scattering

Author

Ph. Buchet, P. Lautesse, D. Guinet, J.L. Laville, J.L. Charvet, D. Doré, A. Chbihi, R. Bougault, W. F. J. Müller, C. Volant, J.D. Frankland, M.L. Begemann-Blaich, A. Le Fèvre, C. Sfienti, L. Nalpas, U. Lynen, B. Zwieglinski, E. Plagnol, A. Saija, F. Lavaud, C. Leduc, H. Orth, W. Trautmann, Ch.O. Bacri, Mariano Vigilante, J. Łukasik, R. Bittiger, Sylvie Hudan, Bernard Borderie, Bertrand Bouriquet, R. Dayras, F. Bocage, J.C. Steckmeyer, D. Gourio, O. Lopez, G. Tǎbǎcaru, C. Schwarz, Elio Rosato, D. Durand, G. Auger, K. Turzo, E. Galichet, E. Vient, B. Tamain, Aladin Collaborations, A. Trzcinski, R. Legrain, B. Hurst, and N. Bellaize

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, Calibration curve, Nuclear Theory, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, Recoil, Coincident, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Instrumentation
Abstract

An efficient method of energy scale calibration for the CsI(Tl) modules of the INDRA multidetector (rings 6–12) using elastic and inelastic 12C+1H scattering at E(12C)=30MeV per nucleon is presented. Background-free spectra for the binary channels are generated by requiring the coincident detection of the light and heavy ejectiles. The gain parameter of the calibration curve is obtained by fitting the proton total charge spectra to the spectra predicted with Monte-Carlo simulations using tabulated cross section data. The method has been applied in multifragmentation experiments with INDRA at GSI.

Published
2003

4. Fragment properties of fragmenting heavy nuclei produced in central and semi-peripheral collisions

Author

R. Roy, D. Guinet, C. Sfienti, J. Łukasik, E. Bonnet, A. Chbihi, D. Mercier, N. Le Neindre, M. Pârlog, J.D. Frankland, R. Dayras, M. Vigilante, B. Zwieglinski, F. Gagnon-Moisan, E. Galichet, J.P. Wieleczko, Aladin Collaborations, M. F. Rivet, P. Lautesse, R. Bougault, B. Borderie, E. Rosato, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire de Caen (LPCC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institute of Nuclear Physics (IFJ-PAN), Institute of Nuclear Physics, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Sezione INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Helmholtz zentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), INDRA, ALADIN, E., Bonnet, B., Borderie, N., Le Neindre, M. F., Rivet, R., Bougault, A., Chbihi, R., Dayra, J. D., Frankland, E., Galichet, F., Gagnon Moisan, D., Guinet, P., Lautesse, J., Lukasik, D., Mercier, M., Parlog, Rosato, Elio, R., Roy, C., Sfienti, Vigilante, Mariano, J. P., Wielezcko, B., Zwieglinski, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II

Subjects
Nuclear reaction, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, multifragmentation, FOS: Physical sciences, central and semi-peripheral collisions, latent heat, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, fragment partitions, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), nucleaer physic, 0103 physical sciences, Velocity space, Thermal, Multiplicity (chemistry), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions, Nuclear Experiment, Phase diagram, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Charged particle, nucleus-nucleus collision, phase transition, collective energy, Atomic physics, Excitation
Abstract

Fragment properties of hot fragmenting sources of similar sizes produced in central and semi-peripheral collisions are compared in the excitation energy range 5-10 AMeV. For semi-peripheral collisions a method for selecting compact quasi-projectiles sources in velocity space similar to those of fused systems (central collisions) is proposed. The two major results are related to collective energy. The weak radial collective energy observed for quasi-projectile sources is shown to originate from thermal pressure only. The larger fragment multiplicity observed for fused systems and their more symmetric fragmentation are related to the extra radial collective energy due to expansion following a compression phase during central collisions. A first attempt to locate where the different sources break in the phase diagram is proposed., 23 pages submitted to NPA

Published
2008

5. Yield scaling, size hierarchy and fluctuations of observables in fragmentation of excited heavy nuclei

Author

E. Rosato, Mariano Vigilante, J. Moisan, N. Le Neindre, B. Zwieglinski, B. Tamain, O. Lopez, E. Bonnet, C. Sfienti, R. Dayras, J.D. Frankland, J.P. Wieleczko, J. Lukasik, D. Guinet, R. Bougault, A. Trzcinski, A. Chbihi, M. Pârlog, D. Mercier, E. Vient, K. Turzo, C. Schwarz, R. Roy, M. F. Rivet, Aladin Collaborations, W. Trautmann, B. Borderie, F. Gulminelli, A. Le Fèvre, P. Lautesse, E. Galichet, N., Le Neindre, E., Bonnet, J. P., Wieleczko, B., Borderie, F., Gulminelli, M. F., Rivet, R., Bougault, A., Chbihi, R., Dayra, J. D., Frankland, E., Galichet, D., Guinet, P., Lautesse, O., Lopez, J., Lukasik, D., Mercier, J., Moisan, M., Parlog, Rosato, Elio, R., Roy, C., Schwarz, C., Sfienti, B., Tamain, W., Trautmann, A., Trzcinski, K., Turzo, E., Vient, Vigilante, Mariano, B., Zwieglinski, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire de Caen (LPCC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Helmholtz zentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), Institute of Nuclear Physics IFJ-PAN (INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS IFJ-PAN), Institute of Nuclear Physics IFJ-PAN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli (INFN, Sezione di Napoli), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire (LABORATOIRE DE PHYSIQUE NUCLEAIRE, UNIV. LAVAL), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies (ANDRZEJ SOLTAN INST. FOR NUCLEAR STUDIES), Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, ALADIN, INDRA, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear reaction, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Zipf's law, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, 25.70.Pq, 24.60.Ky, 24.10.Pa, Observable, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], nucl-ex, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Fragment size, Nuclear physics, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, Incident energy, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Scaling
Abstract

Multifragmentation properties measured with INDRA are studied for single sources produced in Xe+Sn reactions in the incident energy range 32-50 A MeV and quasiprojectiles from Au+Au collisions at 80 A MeV. A comparison for both types of sources is presented concerning Fisher scaling, Zipf law, fragment size and fluctuation observables. A Fisher scaling is observed for all the data. The pseudo-critical energies extracted from the Fisher scaling are consistent between Xe+Sn central collisions and Au quasi-projectiles. In the latter case it also corresponds to the energy region at which fluctuations are maximal. The critical energies deduced from the Zipf analysis are higher than those from the Fisher analysis., 30 pages, accepted for publication in Nuclear Physics A, references corrected

Published
2007

6. Bimodality: a robust signature of a nuclear matter phase transition

Author

M. Pichon, R. Bougault, O. Lopez, Aladin collaborations, and B. Tamain

Subjects
Quantum phase transition, Phase transition, Intermediate energy, Chemistry, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear matter, Signature (topology), Molecular physics, Excitation, Bimodality, Sign (mathematics)
Abstract

Bimodality is observed on the size of the heaviest released fragment for semi‐peripheral heavy ion induced reactions in the intermediate energy domain. From lattice‐gas calculations, this signal can sign a phase transition even if the system has not reached a complete equilibrium. It is shown from the data that it is correlated with other possible phase transition signals. The two bimodality solutions correspond to different excitation energies and to similar temperatures as expected if bimodality is due to a liquid‐gas phase transition.

Published
2007

7. INDRA@GSI: collective flow in Au+Au collisions

Author

F. Lavaud, O. Lopez, Elio Rosato, K. Turzo, A. Saija, R. Bittiger, Bertrand Bouriquet, Aladin Collaborations, R. Bougault, Sylvie Hudan, B. Tamain, J.L. Charvet, P. Lautesse, H. Orth, W. Trautmann, U. Lynen, C. Sfienti, D. Durand, G. Auger, A. Trzcinski, E. Vient, C. Schwarz, A. Chbihi, B. Zwieglinski, D. Guinet, N. Bellaize, Bernard Borderie, E. Plagnol, D. Gourio, J.D. Frankland, L. Nalpas, M.L. Begemann-Blaich, A. Le Fèvre, F. Bocage, R. Legrain, J. Łukasik, B. Hurst, C. Volant, R. Dayras, E. Galichet, Mariano Vigilante, W. F. J. Müller, J.C. Steckmeyer, Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire de Caen (LPCC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ALADIN, INDRA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)

Subjects
Excitation function, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Elliptic flow, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Sideward and elliptic flow, Intermediate energy heavy ion collisions, Nuclear physics, Flow (mathematics), 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Heavy ion, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

Directed flow in symmetric heavy ion collisions has been studied using the 197Au+ 197Au reactions at incident energies between 40 and 150 A MeV. The reactions have been measured with the 4π multi-detector INDRA at the GSI facility. In particular, the bombarding energy at which the elliptic flow switches from in-plane to out-of-plane enhancement has been determined to be clearly above 100 A MeV in good agreement with the result obtained by the FOPI Collaboration. The new data also allows to extend the experimental excitation function of v2 to lower energies.

Published
2003

8. Transverse velocity scaling in Au+Au midrapidity emissions

Author

B. Zwieglinski, L. Nalpas, R. Legrain, P. Lautesse, C. Leduc, Ch.O. Bacri, C. Sfienti, D. Gourio, Elio Rosato, R. Bougault, Bertrand Bouriquet, F. Lavaud, A. Saija, C. Volant, J.L. Laville, W. Trautmann, Sylvie Hudan, M.L. Begemann-Blaich, Gerard Auger, D. Durand, U. Lynen, N. Bellaize, E. Vient, E. Plagnol, J.L. Charvet, Mariano Vigilante, B. Borderie, A. S. Botvina, F. Bocage, R. Dayras, G. Tǎbǎcaru, Aladin Collaborations, J.C. Steckmeyer, C. Schwarz, Diane Doré, H. Orth, J.D. Frankland, J. Łukasik, B. Hurst, E. Galichet, W. F. J. Müller, K. Turzo, B. Tamain, A. Trzcinski, A. Chbihi, A. Le Fèvre, O. Lopez, R. Bittiger, Ph. Buchet, and D. Guinet

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Transverse plane, Range (particle radiation), Photon, Projectile, Observable, Atomic physics, Impact parameter, Nuclear Experiment, Scaling, Charged particle
Abstract

The emission of intermediate-mass fragments in collisions of 197Au on 197Au was systematically studied over the range of incident energies from 40 to 150 A MeV using the 4π-multidetector INDRA and beams from the heavy-ion synchrotron SIS at GSI Darmstadt. The analysis was performed as a function of incident energy and of impact parameter, defined through the total transverse energy of light charged particles (Etrans 12, Z⩽2). This observable was found to scale linearly with the collision energy up to a certain limit above which it saturates. Strong forward-backward asymmetries in the emission pattern with respect to the rapidities of the projectile and target residua were observed. Their possible relation to equilibration is discussed and interpreted in the framework of molecular dynamics and statistical multifragmentation models. Transverse velocities at midrapidity for peripheral collisions were found to show a surprisingly weak dependence on the incident energy. On the contrary, transverse velocities a...

Published
2002

9. Nuclear multifragmentation and the onset of radial flow: a study of Au+Au collisions between 40 and 100 MeV/A

Author

C. Sfienti, W. F. J. Müller, R. Bougault, E. Plagnol, Mariano Vigilante, K. Turzo, Aladin Collaborations, J. Lukasik, B. Tamain, D. Gourio, R. Legrain, Diane Doré, Elio Rosato, E. Vient, F. Lavaud, W. Trautmann, F. Bocage, J.C. Steckmeyer, Ph. Buchet, O. Lopez, M.L. Begemann-Blaich, J.D. Frankland, D. Guinet, A. Saija, G. Tabacaru, C. Schwarz, R. Dayras, A. Trzcinski, A. Chbihi, Sylvie Hudan, A. LeFevre, E. Galichet, R. Bittiger, Gerard Auger, D. Durand, N. Bellaize, P. Lautesse, H. Orth, B. Zwieglinski, B. Hurst, B. Borderie, J.L. Charvet, C. Leduc, Ch.O. Bacri, C. Volant, L. Nalpas, U. Lynen, J.L. Laville, Bertrand Bouriquet, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire de Caen (LPCC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INDRA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)

Subjects
Physics, Photon, business.industry, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Kinetic energy, Nuclear matter, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Charged particle, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Impact parameter, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, business, Nuclear Experiment, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Thermal energy, Excitation
Abstract

Matière Nucléaire; International audience; The influence of radial flow on nuclear multifragmentation is studied using Au+Au central collisions for incident energies between 40 and 100 MeV/A. Central collisions are selected via an impact parameter estimator defined by the transverse energy of light charged particles. At all energies, the fragment size distributions are studied using the Statistical Multifragmentation Model (SMM) in order to extract thermal excitation energies. The excess kinetic energies are analyzed via the hypothesis of a radial, self-similar, but non-isotropic flow. At the lowest energy, this flow is small with respect to the thermal energy whereas, at 100 MeV/A thermal and radial energies are of the same order. The nature and origin of the radial flow is discussed. A comparison with the predictions of the Quantum Molecular Dynamics code is presented.

Published
2001

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