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Up until 25 years ago, the mortality rate of untreated transposition of the great arteries was about 90% during the first year of life. The Rashkind balloon atrio-septostomy [5], introduced in 1966, increased effective flow in both circulations and, therefore, diminished cyanosis. This decrease in cyanosis was associated with a significant decrease in the mortality rate. However, the blood exchange at atrial level does not keep up with the increasing flow dimension of children during growth. The Mustard operation, which establishes an atrial switch [4] was developed, and proved to have a low operative mortality rate; it also allows a total separation of pulmonary and systemic circulation. The atrial switch remained, therefore, the operation of choice in the following two decades. Initial enthusiasm for this operation, however, subsided when complications such as obstruction of the venous pathways, arrhythmias, and right-ventricular dysfunction caused a staggering increase in late mortality. The development of the arterial switch operation [1] suggested a new surgical treatment for patients with transposition of the great arteries without the previously stated severe complications.