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A novel polymeric composite was created using polyethylene polymers as the primary component, supplemented with varying weight proportions of micro-sized basalt rock powder. Basalt was incorporated into the base material at concentrations ranging from 20 to 40% by weight. The homogenous distributions of the basalt powder within the epoxy layers were affirmed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as the FTIR spectra for the fabricated composites were analyzed. The gamma-ray shielding properties for the fabricated composites were examined using the narrow beam transmission method on NaI (Tl) detector. The linear attenuation coefficient measurement shows an enhancement in the linear attenuation coefficient from 0.134 to 0.156 cm−1 by raising the basalt powder ratio from 0 to 40 wt%. These results were associated with an enhancement in the radiation shielding properties of the fabricated composites from 12.6 to 14.2% and the lead equivalent thickness reduced from 9.3to 8 cm by raising the basalt powder concentration from 0 to 40 wt%, respectively. Based on the findings, incorporating micro-sized basalt powder into the epoxy resin improves the gamma-ray shielding capabilities of the produced composites in comparison to various polymers documented in prior studies, especially E-B40. In terms of radiation protection, it can be inferred that E-B40 shows promising potential as a shielding material for gamma rays with low energy, offering increased protection with reduced thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the ability of as-prepared PbSn3Sbx (x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 wt.%) alloys for shielding against gamma-rays, the relationships between the mechanical properties and gamma-ray shielding parameters for four types of alloys have been studied and analyzed. Gamma-ray interaction with the as-prepared alloys has been discussed mainly in terms of total mass attenuation coefficient (µm), linear attenuation coefficient (µ), half value layer (HVL), and mean free path (Xm). From X-ray analysis, a crystalline intermetallic compound phase of SnSb is detected. The formation of the intermetallic compound phase and refinement of evaluated particle size causes a pronounced enhancement in internal friction, dynamic elastic modulus, and microhardness indentation. Attenuation shielding parameters of as-prepared alloys with free antimony are measured and calculated. It is noticed that the obtained results showed desirable values of shielding parameters. Mechanical properties and Vickers microhardness, Hv are critically evaluated and sensitive to changes in temperature and Sb antimony additions. Thus, the study indicates that 2.5 wt.% Sb alloy sample has a distinguished protection ability to attenuate the gamma-ray radiation. It can be concluded that the Sb additive for this type of binary alloys at content 2.5 wt.% can help to increase the shielding gamma-ray performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new glass with a composition of 40P2O5-30ZnO-20LiCl-10BaF2 (in mol%), doped with 3.5Nd2O3-3.5Yb2O3, was fabricated by the quenching melt technique. The luminescence (PL) and gamma spectroscopy of the glass were investigated systematically. The spectroscopic parameters of the prepared glass, such as the optical energy gap, Judd–Ofelt parameters Ωk (where k = 2, 4 and 6), lifetimes and branching ratio of the Nd3+/Yb3+ level, were evaluated. Moreover, the shielding parameters, such as the linear and mass attenuation coefficients, mean free path and half-value layer, were evaluated. The prepared glass had a spectroscopic quality factor (Ω4/Ω6) of 0.84, which is about three-times larger than that of the most standard laser host, Nd3+:YAG. The energy of the 2P1/2 (Nd3+) level (~23,250 cm−1) was twice the energy of the Yb3+ transition (~10,290 cm−1). The value of the emission cross section ( σ e m (λ) ) of Nd3+:4F3/2→4I9/2 and Yb3+:2F5/2→2F7/2 were 2.23 × 10−24 cm2 and 2.88 × 10−24 cm2, respectively. The fabricated glass had a high emission cross section and low mean free path parameters, which makes the fabricated glass a potential candidate for multifunctional applications, such as laser emissions for medical purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the X-ray and gamma attenuation characteristics and optical properties of a synthesized tellurite–phosphate–sodium oxide glass system with a composition of (85 − x)TeO2–10P2O5–xNa2O mol% (where x = 15, 20, and 25) were evaluated. The glass systems we re fabricated by our research group using quenching melt fabrication. The shielding parameters of as-synthesized systems, such as the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), effective atomic number (Zeff), half-value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), mean free path (MFP), and effective electron density (Neff) in a wide energy range between 15 keV and 15 MeV, were estimated using well-known PHY-X/PSD software and recently developed MIKE software. Herein, the optical parameters of prepared glasses, such as molar volume (VM), oxygen molar volume (VO), oxygen packing density (OPD), molar polarizability ( α m ), molar refractivity (Rm), reflection loss (RL), and metallization (M), were estimated using MIKE software. Furthermore, the shielding performance of the prepared glasses was compared with that of commonly used standard glass shielding materials. The results show that the incorporation of sodium oxide into the matrix TeO2/P2O5 with an optimum concentration can yield a glass system with good shielding performance as well as good optical and physical properties, especially at low photon energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is carried out for the development of radiation shielding block alloys (bismuth based) for radiation therapy. Two different bismuth alloys whose composition, first, Bi-40 wt.% Pb-20 wt.% Sn and secondly, Bi-40 wt.% Pb-10 wt.% Sn-10 wt.% Cd are known as low melting temperature alloys (named fusible alloys). These alloys are used for the protection of vital critical organs inside the radiated area during radiotherapy applications. Structure, mechanical properties, and radiation shielding parameters of prepared alloys by conventional and rapid quench from molten state using the melt-spun technique have been studied and analyzed. It is concluded that from x-ray diffraction analysis, the presence of a new metastable crystalline phase (hexagonal structure a = 3.505, b = 3.505 and c = 5.795 nm) called Pb7Bi3 is detected. The formation of a metastable crystalline phase Pb7Bi3 causes the enhancement of mechanical properties. It is also concluded that the bismuth alloy which is cadmium-free exhibits superior microhardness compared to bismuth alloy containing cadmium. The measurements of radiation parameters were taken using 60Co and 6 MV. X-ray shows that alloy-free Cd has good attenuation coefficient, good mechanical characteristics, Vickers microhardness and moderate melting temperature. We can easily synthesise the bismuth alloy cadmium-free into suitable shapes in addition to it being friendly to the environment (green environment), so that they may be used as a substitute candidate instead of bismuth alloy containing Cd to use in radiation therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesized glass system with a composition of (80-x) TeO2-10P2O5-10Nb2O5-xKCl mol% (where x = 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25) was successfully fabricated. The density (ρ) and molar volume (Vm) have been calculated. The investigated glasses were characterized using different analysis methods (differential thermal analysis (DTA) and UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy). The radiation shielding effectiveness of the synthesized glass system was evaluated using different shielding parameters, such as mass and linear attenuation coefficients (MAC, LAC), half-value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number (Zeff), and effective electron number (Neff). The results showed that with the increasing potassium chloride (KCl) concentration and decreasing tellurium oxide (TeO2) concentration, the density, refractive index, Urbach energy (Eu), and glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased, while the optical energy gap (Eopt) and thermal stability increased. As the KCl concentration increases, the values of MAC, LAC, and Zeff increase in the following order: TPNK5 % > TPNK10 % > TPNK15 % > TPNK20 % > TPNK25 %. Additionally, the shielding effectiveness of TPNK glass system showed good performance compared with some standard materials. The synthesized glass with a minimum KCl content has both good shielding effectiveness and good optical properties, in addition to reasonable thermal stability, which makes it suitable for shielding and optical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shielding glass materials doped with heavy metal oxides show an improvement in the effectiveness of the materials used in radiation shielding. In this work, the photon shielding parameters of six tellurite glass systems doped with several metal oxides namely, 70TeO2-10P2O5- 10ZnO- 5.0PbF2- 0.0024Er2O3- 5.0X (where X represents different doped metail oxides namely, Nb2O5, TiO2, WO3, PbO, Bi2O3, and CdO) in a broad energy spectrum, ranging from 0.015 MeV to 15 MeV, were evaluated. The shielding parameters were calculated using the online software Phy-X/PSD. The highest linear and mass attenuation coefficients recorded were obtaibed from the samples containing bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), and the lowest half-value layer and mean free path were recorded among the other samples. Furthermore, the shielding effectiveness of tellurite glass systems was compared with commercial shielding materials (RS-369, RS-253 G18, chromite, ferrite, magnetite, and barite). The optical parameters viz, dispersion energy, single-oscillator energy, molar refraction, electronic polarizability, non-linear refractive indices, n2, and third-order susceptibility were measured and reported at a different wavelength. Bi2O3 has a strong effect on enhancing the optical and shielding properties. The outcome of this study suggests the potential of using the proposed glass samples as radiation-shielding materials for a broad range of imaging and therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Metal oxide glass composites have attracted huge interest as promising shielding materials to replace toxic, heavy, and costly conventional shielding materials. OBJECTIVE: In this work, we evaluate shielding effectiveness of four novel tellurite-based glasses samples doped with oxide metals (namely, A, B, C, and D, which are 75TeO2- 10P2O5- 10ZnO- 5PbF2- 0.24Er2O3 ; 70TeO2- 10P2O5- 10ZnO- 5PbF2 -5MgO- 0.24Er2O3; 70TeO2- 10P2O5- 10ZnO- 5PbF2- 5BaO- 0.24Er2O3 ; and 70TeO2- 10P2O5-10ZnO- 5PbF2- 5SrO; respectively) by assessing them through a wide range of ionizing radiation energies (0.015–15 MeV). METHODS: The radiation-shielding parameters including mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), mean free path, (MFP), effective atomic number (Zeff), effective electron number (Neff), and the transmission factor are computed in the selected range of ionizing radiation energies. Furthermore, the proposed samples were compared with the most common shielding glass materials. The optical parameters viz oscillator, dispersion energy, nonlinear refractive indices, molar, and electronic polarizability of these transparent glasses are reported at different wavelengths. RESULTS: The results show that the proposed samples have considerable effectiveness as transparent shielding glass materials at various ionizing radiation energies. They can be employed for effective radiation-protection outcomes. Sample C demonstrated slightly better shielding properties than the other samples with differences of 1.33%, 4.6%, and 4.2% for samples A, B, and D, respectively. A similar trend is observed regarding the mass attenuation coefficients. Nevertheless, sample B shows better optical properties than the other prepared glass samples. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that the proposed novel glass samples have good shielding properties and optical characteristics, which can pave the way for their utilization as transparent radiation-shielding materials in medical and industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four ordinary concrete samples were fabricated at room temperature with well mixing of the concrete components (cement- M400, granite with grain size ≥20 mm, sand, and metallic waste powder). The density of the fabricated concrete was measured using the MH-300 A density meter where it decreased from 2.45 to 2.37 g/cm3. The pore and bulk volumes as well as the porosity were measured of the fabricated concrete. Both pore volume and bulk volume show an increase with raising the metallic waste content between 0 and 30 wt%. The narrow beam transmission method with NaI (Tl) detector was utilized to evaluate experimentally the linear attenuation coefficient (μ, cm−1) of the fabricated concrete. The experimental measurements were performed using many radioactive isotopes (Ba-133, Na-22, Eu-152, Cs-137, and Co-60) as sources for γ-ray emit photons with energy expanded from 81 keV to 1408 keV. The μ values show an enhancement by a factor of ≈33% with raising the metallic waste content between 0 and 30 wt%, at γ-photon energy of 662 keV. • Four ordinary concrete doped metallic waste powder were fabricated. • Raising the metallic waste powder increases voids inside the fabricated concrete. • The fabricated concretes' porosity increased with raising the metallic waste powder. • The linear attenuation coefficient enhanced by increasing the metallic waste powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melt quenching technique has been used to fabricate calcium boro-phosphate glasses doped with praseodymium oxide ions. With increased P 2 O 5 content, structural parameters like oxygen molar volume (Vo) and oxygen packing density (OPD) indicate an opposing trend. In addition to optical factors like optical electronegativity, absorption edge, and direct and indirect bandgap values being estimated and discussed, optical absorption spectra have been recorded for all the glasses. The presence of ionic bond behaviour confirms the strong structural and optical property changes caused by the P 2 O 5 content. Using the Phy-X software application, the radiation shielding parameters were investigated. The incorporation of B 2 O 3 , CaCO 3 , and P 2 O 5 offers more number of bridging oxygens which further leads to closely packed nature. Considering the glass sample B0PCM:Pr, the highest linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) is determined. The LAC results showed that at high energy levels, the glass's shielding performance became more consistent. The results of the effective atomic number analysis demonstrated the impact that CaCO 3 has on the glass's shielding effectiveness, with a higher concentration of CaCO 3 improving the material's defence against gamma radiation. For B0PCM:Pr glass, the half value layer (HVL) rises from 2.101 to 3.444 cm at 0.284–1.333 MeV. Certainly, it has been observed that the glass tends to have a smaller HVL when it contains more CaCO 3 with lesser P 2 O 5 content. • Lead free calcium boro-phosphate glasses have been synthesized via melt quench method for radiation resisting applications. • Physical, structural, elastic and optical properties of all the prepared glasses were examined in detail. • B0PCM:Pr exhibits higher LAC and confirms the consistent performance of the prepared glasses at higher energy levels. • The Z eff confirms that the steady increase of CaCO 3 increases the shielding efficiency of the prepared lead free glasses. • The HVL increases from 2.10 to 3.44 cm between 0.284 and 1.33 MeV for B0PCM:Pr glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dy3+ doped boro-phosphate glasses [BPXNfDy 1.0 ] were synthesized with the chemical composition 44B 2 O 3 +25P 2 O 5 +15NaF+15MO+1Dy 2 O 3 (where M=Li 2 CO 3 , Mg 2 CO 3 , Sr 2 CO 3 , ZnO and Ba 2 CO 3) by conventional melt-quenching method. The physical properties (density, refractive index), structural (boron-boron separation, phosphorous-phosphorous separation), FTIR (functional groups) and absorption properties (direct and indirect bandgap) were explored in examining the ability of the proposed multicomponent glasses for radiation protection applications. The XRD pattern declared the non-periodicity/amorphous nature of the sample. The Ba-containing glass is observed to possess a tightly packed nature among the present glass samples, which is confirmed from the evaluation of the structural parameters such as d B−B , d P−P. The molar volume (V m), and oxygen packing density (OPD) of the Ba-incorporated glass possess reversal behavior. Similarly, Mg-included glass exhibits an inverse trend for Poisson's ratio and fractal bond connectivity parameters. Furthermore, the evaluation of optical features like bandgap energy was achieved from the absorption analysis. The formation of bridging oxygens is observed to be in accordance with oxygen packing density values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A set of zinc boro-tellurite glasses (xDBTZ) is prepared by the melt-quenching technique. The glasses are investigated to evaluate the shielding effectiveness. The glass stability is proven higher for the glass containing 2% Dy. The 2DBTZ glass owns higher oxygen packing density and lower molar volume of oxygen among the prepared glasses, and the behaviour specifies that the atoms in the glass lattice are aligned to be tightly packed. The structural and mechanical features suggested the applicability of the 2DBTZ glass in radiation-shielding applications. The Monte-Carlo simulation was also applied to evaluate the γ-ray attenuating aptitude for the manufactured zinc boro-tellurite glasses. The obtained data shows that including 2 wt% of Dy 2 O 3 concentration improves the linear attenuation coefficient of the as-prepared zinc boro-tellurite glasses. The linear attenuation coefficient enhancement affected the half values thickness of the manufactured zinc boro-tellurite glasses, where the half values decreased by 32.78%, 22.21% and 21.57% for γ-ray energies of 0.059, 0.551 and 2.506 MeV correspondingly. Additionally, adding the Dy 2 O 3 to the glasses enhances the radiation-protection efficiency accompanied by a reduction in the transmission factor of the fabricated composites. Therefore, the fabricated samples can be used as an alternative lead-free shielding material. • Zinc boro-tellurite glasses were prepared via melt-quenching technique. • The structural properties prove that the glasses are closely packed. • The elastic properties are increasing with the Dy 2 O 3. • As the amount of Dy 2 O 3 increases, the LAC increases with it at all energies. • 2DBTZ glass is the more effective shield due to highest MAC and LAC values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work is intended to establish the addition of the different modifier cations (Na, Li, Mg) along with different anionic combination (oxygen and fluorine) in the novel Lead boro-tellurite glass network in the point of view of radiation shielding material. The present novel lead boro-tellurite glasses have been synthesized following the melt quenching technique with three modifier elements (Na, Li, Mg) in the form of oxides as well as fluoride in the glass network. The variation in density and molar volume confirms the atomic rearrangements and FTIR spectral analysis reveals the presence of non-bridging oxygens in the prepared glasses. The optical absorption spectra confirm the changes in the bandgap due to the incorporation of modifiers into the glass network. The radiation shielding ability of the glasses were investigated by determining the transmission factor (TF) and other related parameters. The gamma photon attenuation abilities of the prepared Lead boro-tellurite glasses shows improved linear attenuation coefficient (μ), effective atomic number (Z eff) and half value layer (HVL) when the cations are incorporated in the form of fluorides. Authors found that the TF for NaO:Pr glass at a thickness of 0.6 cm increases from 0.69 at 0.3 MeV to 0.89 at 1 MeV, and 0.94 at 5 MeV. The TF results demonstrated that adding MgO instead of Na 2 O to the glasses reduces the number of photons that can penetrate the glass, enhancing the radiation-shielding properties of the glass system. Authors evaluated the effective atomic number (Z eff) and found that the Z eff values vary between 56.55 and 57.14 at 0.015 MeV. Also, the Z eff results confirmed that adding MgO into the glasses leads to a great increase in Z eff values. Among the prepared glasses, Mg2+ cations incorporated glass exhibits higher shielding efficacy and it may be suggested as a promising radiation shielding material. • Lead boro-tellurite glasses for Radiation shielding properties. • Triple component (Na, Li, Mg) in the form of oxides and fluorides. • Formation of bridging oxygen constitutes the glass to be a tightly packed structure. • LAC values increases with increase in density of the prepared glasses. • Among the prepared glasses Mean Free Path values are lesser for MgO:Pr glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A set of Dy3+ ions doped boro-tellurite glasses is prepared using the melt quenching method and its radiation resisting aptitude is estimated through various structural and elastic features. The results were interpreted due to the effect of TeO 2 concentration in the glass systems. The observed molar volume (V m) values reduced with the rise in the tellurium content with the creation of more bridging oxygens in the structure. The cross-link density rises the rigidity of the glass and its density. Additionally, boron-boron separation and tellurium-tellurium separation, and optical band gap were computed to prove the connectivity of the system which is noted to reduce with the rise in the tellurium content. Glass with 40% TeO 2 is observed to hold high elastic moduli and consequently high density and connectivity which are vital requirements for effective radiation shielding. Moreover, the Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code version 5 is used to qualify the γ-ray shielding properties. The qualification of the shielding properties showed that the linear attenuation coefficient was enhanced by a factor of 80% from 0.248 cm−1 to 0.358 cm−1 by raising the TeO 2 concentration between 0 and 40 wt %, respectively. The enhancement on linear attenuation coefficient was reflected on the half value thickness (Δ 0.5 , cm) and thickness equivalent (Δ eq , cm) of the fabricated samples where Δ 0.5 and Δ eq values reduced with raising the TeO 2 concentration between 0 and 40 wt %. • Dysprosium boro-tellurite glasses were fabricated via melt-quenching technique. • The structural properties prove that the glasses are closely packed. • The elastic properties are increasing with the TeO 2. • The LAC is enhanced by 80% with TeO 2 concentration between 0 and 40 wt%. • Half value thickness and thickness equivalent are reduced with raising the TeO 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new sequence of Niobium bariumtelluroborate glasses were prepared with Dy3+ ions as a dopant following the chemical composition (80−x)H 3 BO 3 +10TeO 2 +9.5Nb 2 O 5 +xBaO+0.5Dy 2 O 3 (x = 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 in wt%). The uncrystallized nature of the glass is established through XRD investigation. FTIR spectral dimensions have identified diverse functional groups. The UV-Vis spectral measurements investigated the optical characteristics of the prepared glasses. The allowed direct, and indirect bandgap and Urbach's energy have been estimated from Tauc's plot. In addition, various physical factors and structural properties of the Dy3+ incorporated Niobium bariumtelluroborate glasses are also estimated, discussed, and reported. The shielding parameters for the fabricated glasses were evaluated using the Monte Carlo simulation method in the energy interval among 0.224 and 2.506 MeV. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) was improved from 0.224 cm−1 to 0.256 cm−1 by raising the substation of H 3 BO 3 by BaCO 3 from 10 to 50 wt %, respectively, at gamma-ray energy of 1.252 MeV. The augmentation in the LAC positively affected the radiation shielding parameters. The half-value thickness was reduced by 16.6%, and the radiation shield capacity increased by 16.4%, raising the BaCO 3 concentration between 10 wt% and 50 wt%, respectively. • Niobium Bariumtelluroborate glasses were fabricated via melt-quenching technique. • The glasses are less closely packed with more non-bridging oxygen. • The present glasses moves towards ionic in nature. • The MAC of the studied glasses increased with raising the Ba content. • TF of the glasses decreased while the RPE improved with raising the Ba content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The remote sensing techniques for investigation and mapping of mineral resources along with the lithological variations have become a leading and optimistic way in recent years. Sirugudi taluk of Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu, is identified with many quarries of limestone and charnockite that have economic importance since that is used in the cement and construction industry. The present study validates the radiation shielding properties of limestone, charnockite, and gneiss rock and the mapping through remote sensing techniques. Several images processing techniques were performed using the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer data to delineate the boundaries of lithology at Sirugudi. The laboratory-based reflectance spectra obtained for the limestone, charnockite, and gneiss sample in the range of 350 nm–2500 nm shows a remarkable correlation with the significant oxides of the samples. The radiation shielding performance for the present rocks was investigated using the Monte Carlo simulation and the theoretical online program XCOM. The three investigated rock types' linear attenuation coefficient (μ) values are at their maximum at low energies, and the μ rapidly decreases as energy increases in the low energy range. For gneiss, the μ decreases from 32.484 cm−1 to 4.731 cm−1 between 0.015 and 0.030 MeV. At all investigated energies, the μ values follow the order of Charnockite > Gneiss > Limestone. Based on the simulated linear attenuation coefficient values, the half-value layer, radiation protection efficiency, and the thickness equivalent were estimated. The estimated results demonstrated that thinner rock thicknesses are needed to shield the incoming photons at lower energies. The half-value thicknesses are 0.021, 0.026, and 0.018 cm for Gneiss, Limestone, and Charnockite at 15 keV. • Advanced nuclear radiation shielding studies of limestone, charnockite, and gneiss rocks. • The ASTER data were utilized for this study for mapping the litho boundaries. • The Monte Carlo simulation and XCOM program were utilized to evaluate the gamma-ray shielding capacity of the rock samples. • The results revealed that the μ/ρ and Z eff follow the order of charnockite > gneiss > limestone. • Gneiss and charnockite rocks have great potential as radiation shields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we discussed the optical and radiation shielding properties are strongly dependent on the physical parameter viz; (i) interionic interaction parameter, A(n 0) , (ii) coordination number, CN, (iii) single bond strength (B M-O) and (i v) optical basicity, Λ(n 0) of glasses (95-x) TeO 2 – 5Ta 2 O 5 -xBi 2 O 3) where x = 5, 10, 15, and 20 in mol %. Furthermore, the various optical parameters viz ; linear refractive index, optical absorption coefficient, optical energy gap, Urbach energy, density, oxygen molar volume, nonlinear refractive index, molar refraction, oxygen packing density, reflection loss, molar electronic polarizability of fabricated glasses were estimated. The shielding parameters viz; mass attenuation coefficient, linear attenuation coefficient, half value layer, mean free path, tenth value layer, effective electron number, effective atomic number, atomic and electronic cross sections have been calculated of fabricated glass against a wide range of ionizing energy ranging from 0.015 to 15 MeV. Results showed that increasing the concentration of Bi 2 O 5 from 5 to 20% led to an increase in the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC). Compared with commercially available standards and reported some tellurite glasses to contain Bi 2 O 3 in the literature, the investigated material showed superior performance at energies ranging between 800 keV and 10 MeV. Radiation protection efficiency (PRE) of 70TeO 2 –5Ta 2 O 5 –20Bi 2 O 3 glass varied from 99.9 to 83.9% at low energy from 15 to 200 KeV. Therefore, this glass has a high density, refractive index, and a superior capability of radiation shielding materials at low energy. • Increasing Bi 2 O 3 into the glass structure enhances optical and radiation protection efficiency (PRE%) characteristics. • The TTB1 glass has the lowest value of E o p t = 2.71 eV and TTB4 has the lowest value of Δ E = 0.41 eV. • The prepared glass system can be used for radiation shielding in medical applications at low energy from 15 to 200 keV. • The RPE% of the fabricated glasses decreased from 100 to 72.75% with the photon energy increased from 15 to 200 keV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mafic and ultramafic rocks of Mettupalayam belong to Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT), and it is prominent with economically valuable resources. The radiation shielding properties of the rock types, along with the remote sensing aspects, are considered in the study. The image processing techniques like Principal Component Analysis, Band ratio, Minimum Noise Fraction are performed using Landsat data to discriminate the litho units. The spectral characters derived from Landsat data identified with the significant absorptions of Fe2+, Fe3+and OPx. The Monte Carlo simulation was applied to evaluate the radiation protection ability of the studied rock samples. The examination showed a high shielding capacity for Gabbro rocks compared to the other studied rocks. The linear attenuation coefficient of the mentioned Gabbro rocks varied among 47.838 and 0.075 cm−1 when the gamma-ray energy increases in the energy interval 0.015 and 15 MeV. Moreover, the Radiation defensive capacity of the Gabbro samples decreased from 100 to 20.095% while the halve value layer increases from 0.014 to 9.269 cm with raising the gamma photon energy among 0.015 and 15 MeV, correspondingly. • Advanced nuclear radiation shielding studies of Gabbro, Pyroxenite, and Metagabbro. • The Landsat data were utilized for this study for mapping the litho boundaries. • The significant oxides values were retrieved through the X-Ray Fluorescence method. • The narrow beam γ-ray transmission was performed employing the Monte Carlo simulation code. • Gabbro is a suitable material for radiation protection applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]