1. Suppression of Helium Induced Cracking in Laser Repair Welding of Highly Irradiated Stainless Steels
- Author
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Roger Miller, Jian Chen, Benjamin J. Sutton, Stephanie Curlin, Jonathan K. Tatman, Greg Frederick, Keyou Mao, Tao Dai, and Zhili Feng
- Subjects
Cladding (metalworking) ,Austenite ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Heat-affected zone ,Materials science ,Metallurgy ,Laser beam welding ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Welding ,Intergranular corrosion ,Laser ,law.invention ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,chemistry ,law ,General Materials Science ,Helium - Abstract
Welding repair of irradiated nuclear reactor materials such as austenitic stainless steels used for the reactor internals has been challenging due to irradiation generated helium in the material matrix over an extended period of time. In this study, improved laser welding techniques, including the novel Auxiliary Beam Stress Improved (ABSI) technique that proactively manages the stresses during laser repair welding is investigated to substantially reduce or avoid the occurrence of intergranular helium-induced cracking (HeIC). Laser weld cladding, with and without ABSI technique, was applied to deposit weld metal on irradiated stainless steel (Type 304 L) blocks with various helium concentrations up to approximately 20 atomic parts per million (appm). Welded samples were cross-sectioned and analyzed using optical and electron microscopes. It was found that, with the improved laser welding techniques, no macroscopic (millimeter-sized) cracks were observed in any of the samples. Microscopic (less than 50 μm) cracks were present in the heat affected zone. Statistical analysis on the sample with the highest helium concentration (~20 appm) reveals that the ABSI technique could effectively reduce the size and amounts of microscopic cracks.
- Published
- 2021
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