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Background: We developed a frozen autograft technique in which a tumor-bearing bone was treated with liquid nitrogen for reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional outcomes of this technique after resection of humeral bone tumors., Patients and Methods: Eight patients were included in the study. The freezing range was classified into 2 groups, depending on whether the joint surface of the humeral head was frozen., Results: In the joint freezing group, the mean active shoulder abduction and flexion were 43.8° and 55.0°, and the mean International Society of Limb Salvage (ISOLS) score was 70.8%. In the joint preservation group, the mean active shoulder abduction and flexion were 130° and 132°, and the mean ISOLS score was 90.8%. Progressive and massive bone absorption was seen in 3 cases., Discussion: Reconstruction using frozen autograft after resection of humeral bone tumor is our preferred option, especially in shoulder joint preservation surgery., (Copyright© 2016 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. John G. Delinassios), All rights reserved.)

Purpose: In this study, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was performed in the early phase after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction to analyse the changes in nutrient blood vessels and blood flow to the femoral and tibial tunnels and the intraosseous tendon grafts., Methods: The subjects were 30 patients who underwent single-bundle ACL reconstruction with an autogenous hamstring tendon. MRA was performed at 2, 3, and 6 months postoperatively (n = 10 at each time point). The mean overall signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) in the tunnel regions and in the region of the tendon graft were compared in each femur and tibia., Results: Blood vessels from arteries reached the femoral and tibial tunnels 2 months postoperatively. The tunnel walls showed high signal intensity, while the intraosseous tendon grafts had lower intensity. SNRs showed significant differences between the femoral and tibial tunnels overall and the intraosseous tendon grafts. At 3 and 6 months postoperatively, the signal intensity of the tunnel walls was decreased significantly, while that of the intraosseous tendon grafts was also decreased, but not significantly. At these times, the SNRs of the femoral and tibial tunnels did not differ significantly, both overall and in the region of the intraosseous tendon grafts., Conclusion: Revascularization around the femoral and tibial tunnels occurred at 2 months postoperatively, with blood flow subsequently decreasing over time until 6 months. This revascularization may be involved in bone tendon healing and maturation of the tendon graft within the bone tunnels. Evaluations of revascularization by MRA may show the maturation stage of the graft and guide medical rehabilitation., Level of Evidence: IV.

Background: Tumor-bearing frozen autografts have been used for reconstruction of bone defects after resection of bone tumors. In the present study, outcomes and complications of reconstruction using frozen autografts were assessed to determine indications for this procedure in patients with metastatic bone lesions., Patients and Methods: Twenty-two patients were treated with reconstruction using frozen autografts. The surgical technique involved excision of the bone lesion, curettage, freezing in liquid nitrogen, thawing and reconstruction., Results: Limb function was evaluated in 11 patients; wa found excellent in 10 patients and good in 1 patient. Five-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 46.7% and 26.3%, respectively. Five-year fracture-free survival and recurrence-free survival rates were 79.9% and 100%, respectively. Complications were observed in 6 patients and included fractures (4), deep infection (1) and osteoarthritis (1)., Conclusion: Reconstruction using frozen autografts is a beneficial treatment option in patients with long expected survival or complete cure of the primary cancer., (Copyright© 2014 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. John G. Delinassios), All rights reserved.)

Background: In a previous report, we described a method of reconstruction using tumor-bearing autograft treated by liquid nitrogen for malignant bone tumor. Here we present the first case of bone deformity correction following a tumor-bearing frozen autograft via three-dimensional computerized reconstruction after multiple surgeries.Case Presentation: A 16-year-old female student presented with pain in the left lower leg and was diagnosed with a low-grade central tibial osteosarcoma. Surgical bone reconstruction was performed using a tumor-bearing frozen autograft. Bone union was achieved at 7 months after the first surgical procedure. However, local tumor recurrence and lung metastases occurred 2 years later, at which time a second surgical procedure was performed. Five years later, the patient developed a 19° varus deformity and underwent a third surgical procedure, during which an osteotomy was performed using the Taylor Spatial Frame three-dimensional external fixation technique. A fourth corrective surgical procedure was performed in which internal fixation was achieved with a locking plate. Two years later, and 10 years after the initial diagnosis of tibial osteosarcoma, the bone deformity was completely corrected, and the patient's limb function was good.Conclusion: We present the first report in which a bone deformity due to a primary osteosarcoma was corrected using a tumor-bearing frozen autograft, followed by multiple corrective surgical procedures that included osteotomy, three-dimensional external fixation, and internal fixation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several methods are available using an endoprosthesis or biological reconstruction for malignant bone tumors. Methods that use allograft-prosthesis composites have shown promising results. In 1999, the authors developed a method of reconstruction that uses a tumor-bearing autograft treated with liquid nitrogen. This technique was modified to produce a pedicle frozen autograft to maintain anatomical continuity on one side. In this study, the results of bone reconstructions using frozen autograft-prosthesis composites were retrospectively evaluated. The demographic data, histological records, surgical procedures, functional scores, and complications of 22 patients who had bone sarcoma or metastasis and at least 2 years of follow-up were reviewed. There were 19 patients with primary bone sarcoma and 3 with bone metastasis. Average age was 36 years (range, 9-73 years), and mean follow-up was 63 months (range, 24-176 months). Reconstructions were performed on 10 proximal femurs, 5 distal femurs, 4 proximal tibias, 1 proximal humerus, 1 proximal radius, and 1 hemipelvis. There were 12 pedicle-freezing and 10 free-freezing procedures. Union rate was 90% (9/10), and average union time was 9.5 months. Average Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score was 89.3%. Complications included 1 fracture, 2 infections, 3 soft tissue recurrences, and 1 posterior interosseous nerve palsy. The authors concluded that the frozen autograft-prosthesis composite demonstrated excellent Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scores, a low complication rate, and a good union rate and was superior when used with the pedicle-freezing technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A variety of surgical procedures are now available for tissue reconstruction after osteosarcoma excision, and an important prognostic factor is the evaluation of response to chemotherapy using histology. Although tumor-bearing autografts are useful tools for reconstruction, re-use of the primary tumor may make it difficult to assess the histological response to chemotherapy, since the entire tumor cannot be analyzed. Here, we analyzed the prognostic value of the histological response in the patients who received frozen tumor-bearing autografts for reconstruction. Method: Retrospective analysis of the medical records of 51 patients with high-grade osteosarcoma of the extremities was performed. All patients received reconstruction using frozen tumor-bearing autografts. Tumor necrosis was evaluated in extraskeletal masses and cancellous bone. Results: Five-year overall survival of patients with good and poor response to chemotherapy was 82.9% and 46.4%, respectively (P = 0.044), and 5-year event-free survival was 57.7% and 36.0%, respectively (P = 0.329). Multivariate analysis revealed that a poor histological response to chemotherapy was a significant prognostic factor for overall survival (P = 0.033). Conclusion: Histological response is an important and reliable prognostic factor in patients undergoing reconstruction using frozen tumor-bearing autografts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infections following limb-saving surgeries still happen frequently and are refractory to treatment, even though the treatment of massive bone defects caused by bone resection of bone tumors has improved gradually. Once infections become intractable, they generally result in amputations in spite of all kinds of treatment. We report the case of a patient who developed an intractable infection after limb-saving surgery utilizing a massive frozen autograft and a tumor prosthesis, but whose limb was finally successfully salvaged by multiple surgical interventions. We conclude that continued perseverance in treatment after infections may enable preservation of the limb and restoration of good function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Of the biological reconstruction methods for malignant bone and soft tissue tumors, reconstruction with liquid nitrogen has the advantage of maintaining continuity on the distal side of the tumor bone site (pedicle freezing procedure; PFP). This method is expected to result in early blood flow recovery, with early union and low complication rate. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of the PFP and free freezing procedure (FFP) in the lower extremities. Methods: The study included 20 patients (12 men and 8 women) with frozen autografts (FFP, 13 cases; PFP, 7 cases). The mean age of the subjects was 36.3 years (range 11-79 years), and the mean follow-up period was 56.4 months (range 12-142 months). Results: Final bone union occurred in 11 patients in the FFP group (84.6 %) and in 7 patients in the PFP group (100 %). The mean union period in patients who did not need additional surgery was 9.8 months (range 4-21 months) in the FFP group and 4.8 months (range 2-7 months) in the PFP group. Postoperative complications occurred in 8 cases: infection in 3 cases, fracture in 3 cases, and joint destruction in 2 cases. Six FFP patients, and 2 PFP patients (two cases of fracture), developed postoperative complications. Conclusions: The union period was shorter and the rate of postoperative complications was lower with the PFP than with the FFP. We considered that early blood flow recovery might have led to the above results in the PFP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Standardizing limb salvage surgery for malignant bone tumors should result in improved limb function after tumor excision and reconstruction. Recently, we developed and clinically applied a method of biological reconstruction using tumor-bearing autografts treated with liquid nitrogen. We report this newly modified technique using pedicle frozen autografts to save the continuity of anatomical structures. We treated 33 malignant bone tumor patients. Diagnoses of the tumors were 17 osteosarcomas, 11 metastatic tumors, 2 Ewing’s sarcomas, 2 chondrosarcomas, and 1 undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. The sites of the tumors were 23 femurs, 5 tibias, 4 humeri, and 1 calcaneus. Operative procedures consisted of exposing the tumor, performing one-site osteotomy or joint dislocation, rotating and freezing the tumor lesion in liquid nitrogen for 20 min, and reconstruction using intramedullary nailing, plates, or composite arthroplasty. Postoperative function was excellent in 25 patients (75.7%), good in 5 patients (15.1%), and fair in 3 patients (9.0%). At the final follow-up, 8 patients had died at a mean of 17 months postoperatively, and 18 patients remained disease-free for a mean follow-up period of 30 months (range 7–69 months). Seven patients were alive but with disease. Complications were encountered in 12 patients, including 4 deep infections, 3 fractures, 3 local recurrences from surrounding soft tissue, 2 nonunions, and 1 collapse. All were managed successfully. The pedicle frozen autograft, which was newly developed to solve drawbacks of previously reported free frozen autografts, achieved success for reconstruction of malignant bone tumors. This is a new, simple, effective surgical technique for biological reconstruction that is still investigated but has potential for development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]