T-cells provide antigen specific focus to the adaptive immune response. However, the receptors that initiate functional responses are not in themselves specific, as they can recognise many different ligands. In this paper, we propose that the immune system deals with TCR degeneracy by an adaptive process that effects both T-cell activation and T-cell function, and exploits TCR degeneracy to limit pathogenic autoimmune disease. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]