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Existing thruster fault diagnosis methods for AUV (autonomous underwater vehicle) usually need sufficient labeled training data. However, it is unrealistic to get sufficient labeled training data for each working condition in practice. Based on this challenge, a transferable thruster fault diagnosis approach is proposed. In the approach, an IPSE (instantaneous power spectrum entropy) and a STNED (signal-to-noise energy difference) are added to SPWVD (smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution) to identify time and frequency boundaries of the local region in the time-frequency power spectrum caused by thruster fault, forming a TFE (time-frequency energy) method for feature extraction. In addition, the RCQFFV (relative change quantity of the fault feature value), an MSN (multiple scale normalization) and a LSP (least square prediction) are added to SVDD (support vector data description) to align distributions of fault samples, contributing a TSVDD (transferable SVDD) for classification of fault samples. The experimental results of a prototype AUV indicate that the fault feature is monotonic to the percentage of thrust loss for the proposed TFE but not for the SPWVD. The TSVDD has a higher overall classification accuracy in comparison to conventional SVDD under working conditions with no labeled training data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]