1. Central America Urbanization Review : Making Cities Work for Central America
- Author
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World Bank Group
- Subjects
URBAN SERVICES ,INFRASTRUCTURE ,INVENTORY ,LOAN MATURITY ,PROJECTS ,INFLATION ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,NOW ACCOUNTS ,EXTERNALITIES ,DOWN PAYMENTS ,EMPLOYMENT ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,CRITERIA ,LAND USE ,LENDING ,SAFETY NETS ,PERSONAL SAVINGS ,PRODUCTIVITY ,MANDATES ,MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS ,MUNICIPALITIES ,LENDER OF LAST RESORT ,URBANIZATION ,GOVERNMENTS ,SEWAGE ,BANK ,RISK FACTORS ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,LOANS ,MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT ,LABOR COSTS ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,URBAN HOUSING ,STRATEGIES ,EMERGING MARKETS ,FINANCIAL MARKETS ,SUBSIDIES ,COST DIFFERENTIALS ,METROPOLITAN AREAS ,DEPOSITS ,INDUSTRY ,MARKETS ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,FINANCE ,WAGES ,ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS ,TRANSFERS ,FISCAL CONDITIONS ,ENTERPRISES ,MARKET VALUE ,UNFUNDED MANDATES ,FISCAL DEFICITS ,SERVICES ,PRIVATE HOUSING ,INTEREST RATES ,URBAN GROWTH ,INVESTMENT GRANTS ,LARGE CITIES ,PUBLIC DEBT ,DEBT ,GUARANTEES ,BANKING SECTOR ,COUNTRY COMPARISONS ,SAVING ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURES ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,FINANCIAL SERVICES ,PROPERTY ,MORTGAGE LENDING ,AUTONOMOUS REGIONS ,FINANCIAL RISK ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,AUTONOMY ,BUSINESS TAXES ,FACTORING ,DEVOLUTION ,LAND VALUE ,COLLATERALIZATION ,SOLID WASTE COLLECTION ,SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ,CAPITALS ,LAND SPECULATION ,BLOCK GRANTS ,RENTAL HOUSING ,DEFICITS ,MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ,PROPERTY TAXES ,CAPITAL ,MINISTRIES OF FINANCE ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS ,LOCAL CAPITAL EXPENDITURES ,ACCOUNTING ,TAXATION ,CONSOLIDATION ,VALUE ,RISK ,ECONOMIES ,HOUSING PRICES ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,CAPITAL MARKETS ,GOVERNANCE ,REVENUE MOBILIZATION ,FINANCIAL CRISES ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,DECENTRALIZATION ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ,PROPERTY OWNERSHIP ,LEGAL PROVISIONS ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,INSURANCE ,REVENUE ,CAPITAL GRANTS ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,PUBLIC TRANSPORT ,SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,LOCAL ADMINISTRATION ,MORTGAGE LOANS ,BANKS ,GRANTS ,LAND ,OPERATING INCOME ,CURRENT EXPENDITURES ,MIGRATION ,PUBLIC POLICY ,CREDIT ,EFFECTIVE GOVERNANCE ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,LEGISLATION ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,MICROFINANCE ,NEW ENTRANTS ,PUBLIC POLICIES ,CENTRAL BANKS ,LABOR ,REVENUE SOURCES ,SUBSIDIARY ,HOUSING ,URBAN CONGESTION ,INTEREST ,PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,WATER SUPPLY ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,TRANSPORT ,LAWS ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,SAVINGS ,DECENTRALIZATION PROCESS ,LAND DEVELOPMENT ,FUEL TAXES ,TAX ADMINISTRATION ,TRAFFIC CONGESTION ,SUBSIDIARIES ,HOUSING PROVISION ,USER CHARGES ,URBAN DEVELOPMENT ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,SAVINGS CONTRIBUTIONS - Abstract
Central America is undergoing an important transition, with urban populations increasingat accelerated speeds, bringing pressing challenges as well as opportunities to boost sustained,inclusive and resilient growth. Today, 59 percent of Central America's population lives in urban areas, but it is expected that within the next generation 7 out of 10 people will live in cities, equivalent to adding 700,000 new urban residents every year. At current rates of urbanization, the region’s urban population will double in size by 2050, welcoming over 25 million new urban dwellers, calling for better infrastructure, higher coverage and quality of urban services and greater employment opportunities. As larger numbers of people concentrate in urban areas, Central American governments at the national and local levels face both opportunities and challenges to ensure the prosperity of their country's present and future generations.
- Published
- 2016