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The objective of this study was to evaluate the application of Fourier transform infrared ( FTIR) spectroscopy for detecting diffuse axonal injury ( DAI) in a mouse model. Brain tissues from DAI mouse model were prepared with H&E, silver, and β-amyloid precursor protein (β- APP) immunohistochemistry stains and were also studied with FTIR. The infrared spectrum images showed high absorption of amide II in the subcortical white matter of the experimental mouse brain, while there was no obvious expression of amide II in the control mouse brain. The areas with high absorption of amide II were in the same distribution as the DAI region confirmed by the silver and β- APP studies. The result suggests that high absorption of amide II correlates with axonal injury. The use of FTIR imaging allows the biochemical changes associated with DAI pathologies to be detected in the tissues, thus providing an important adjunct method to the current conventional pathological diagnostic techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]