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This study is to investigate the role of regulatory B (Breg) cells in cervical cancer. In total, 70 cases of cervical cancer, 52 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and 40 normal controls were enrolled. The percentage of Breg cells was detected by flow cytometry. Serum levels of IL-10 were measured by ELISA. The correlation between Breg cells and the clinical characterizations of cervical cancer was analyzed. The inhibition effect of Breg cells on CD8+ T cells was tested by blocking IL-10 in vitro. The percentage of CD19+CD5+CD1d+ Breg cells and the level of IL-10 of patients with cervical cancer or CIN were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). And the postoperative levels of Breg cells and IL-10 were significantly lower than the preoperative levels (P<0.05). Breg cells and the IL-10 level were positively correlated in cervical cancer patients (r=0.516). In addition, the Breg cell percentage was closely related to the FIGO stages, lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation, HPV infection, and the tumor metastasis of cervical cancer (P<0.05). The Breg cell percentage was negatively correlated with CD8+ T cells of cervical cancer patients (r=‐0.669). The level of IL-10 in the culture supernatant of Bregs treated with CpG was significantly higher than that of non-Bregs (P<0.05). After coculture with Bregs, the quantity of CD8+ T cells to secrete perforin and Granzyme B was significantly decreased, and this effect was reversed after blocking IL-10 by a specific antibody. Breg cells are elevated in cervical cancer and associated with disease progression and metastasis. Moreover, they can inhibit the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CD38 is a multifunctional receptor and enzyme present on the surface of B lymphocytes, which can induce B lymphocytes proliferation and apoptosis by crosslinking related cytokines to affect the function of B cells, thus affecting immune regulation in humans and promoting tumorigenesis. The level of CD38 expression in B cells has become an important factor in the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of malignant tumors and other related diseases. Therefore, studying the relationship between CD38 expression on the surface of B cells and the occurrence of the disease is of great significance for elucidating its association with disease pathogenesis and the clinical targeted therapy. In this paper, we review the effects of CD38 on B‐cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, and elaborate the functional role and mechanism of CD38 expression on B cells. We also summarize the relationship between the level of CD38 expression on the surface of B cells and the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of various diseases, as well as the potential use of targeted CD38 treatment for related diseases. This will provide an important theoretical basis for the scientific research and clinical diagnosis and treatment of B‐cell‐related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence and mortality of cervical cancer, which mainly results from the infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) is significantly increasing in Xinjiang. According to the previous research, the incidence of HPV-68 in cervical cancer patients in Xinjiang is significantly higher than in other parts of China. HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins play a crucial role in cervical cancer, and can be used as ideal targets for therapeutic vaccines. Therefore, we analyzed and identified the possible T-cell and B-cell dominant epitopes and various aspects of HPV-68 E6 and E7 oncoproteins, including the physicochemical properties, secondary and tertiary structures using a bioinformatic approach, which provided a basis for designing an effective HPV infection therapeutic vaccine. The results showed that E6 oncoproteins was an unstable and hydrophilic protein, while E7 oncoproteins was unstable and hydrophilic protein. The secondary structure of the E6 oncoproteins consisted of 45.57% alpha helixes, 14.56% extended strands, 4.43% beta turns and 35.44% random coils. The secondary structure of E7 oncoproteins consisted of 35.45% alpha helixes, 17.27% extended strands, 0.91% beta turns and 46.36% random coils. Moreover, our results identified 5 dominant T-cell epitopes and 6 dominant B-cell epitopes in the E6 oncoproteins structure and 5 dominant T-cell epitopes and 3 dominant B-cell epitopes in E7 oncoproteins. In conclusion, this study provides comprehensive biological information about the HPV-68 E6 and E7 oncoproteins, which will lay a theoretical foundation for multi-epitope vaccines against HPV infection. • Five dominant T cells epitopes and six dominant B cells epitopes in HPV-68 E6 oncoprotein structure were predicted. • Five dominant T cells epitopes and three dominant B cells epitopes in HPV-68 E7 oncoprotein structure were predicted. • The study would provid a basis for designing an effective HPV infection therapeutic vaccine for Uyghur women in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]