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Key to the subshrubby species of Baccharis sect. Caulopterae s.s. occurring in Uruguay 1a. Wings width notably reduced towards the apex, basal width/ apical width> 2; involucres of pistillate capitula> 8.5 mm long......................................................................................................................................................................................... B. riograndensis 1b. Wings width uniform throughout the plant or gradually reduced towards the apex, basal width/ apical width 2a. Wings basal width 1.5–4.5 mm wide.................................................................................................................................................3 2b. Wings basal width 5.5–15 mm wide..................................................................................................................................................4 3a. Wings margin notably sinuous, involucres of staminate capitula 4.5–6 mm long, involucres of pistillate capitula 5–7 mm long.................................................................................................................................................................................................... B. crispa 3b. Wings margins straight or barely sinuous, involucres of staminate capitula 3.5–4 mm long, involucres of pistillate capitula 4.5–5.5 mm long........................................................................................................................................................................... B. rectialata 4a. Wings 10 – 18 mm wide (immediately below capitulescence); pistillate capitula with 89 to 164 florets; flowering from September to November.................................................................................................................................................................. B. jocheniana 4b. Wings 7.5–10 mm wide (immediately below capitulescence); pistillate capitula with 33 to 44 florets; flowering from February to May...................................................................................................................................................................................... B. trimera

Baccharis rectialata Valt., Bonif., G.Heiden & Marchesi, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–3) Type:— URUGUAY. Treinta y Tres: Quebrada de los Cuervos, matorral en ladera alta rocosa, [32º55’4.36’’S, 54º 27’23.59’ W], 5 April 2017, pistillate, V. Valtierra et al. 320 (Holotype: MVFA!, isotype: ECT!). Subshrubs 40 to 75 cm tall, profusely branched from the base, stems erect, minutely pubescent, grayish-green, surface glutinous, 3-winged, wings 0.7–6.8 × 0.15–0.35 cm, half-oblong (sometimes half-elliptic to half-ovate), margins straight or barely sinuous. Leaves reduced, alternate, spiral, sessile, 0.6–1.3 × 0.7–1.5 mm, triangular, base truncate, apex acute-attenuate, puberulous, glandular, margins entire. Capitula sessile, solitary or in clusters of 2 or 3 capitula, clusters arranged in pseudospikes 5–7.5 cm long, on terminal and lateral branches. Staminate capitula with involucres 3.5–4 × 3–3.7 mm, cylindrical, phyllaries in 5 to 6 series; outer phyllaries 1.2–1.5 × 1–1.3 mm, ovate, base truncate, apex acute, herbaceous, glandulous to resinous, minutely pubescent near to the central vein, margins ciliate, hyalinemembranaceous; inner phyllaries 3.8–4.1 × 0.6–0.8 mm, elliptic to obovate, base truncate, apex acute, herbaceous, minutely pubescent along the central vein towards the apex, margins ciliate at the apex, hyaline-membranaceous. Receptacles flat, fimbriolate. Florets 27 to 30, monoclinous, functionally staminate; corollas tubulose, white, 5-lobed, tube 1.8–2.3 mm long, cylindrical, slightly broadening towards the apex, lobes 1.5–1.8 mm long, triangular to narrowly elliptic, apex acute; anthers 1.1–1.2 mm long, base round, connective appendix 0.25–0.3 × 0.15–0.2 mm, ovate, apex acute; styles 4–4.9 mm long, style branches ca. 0.3 mm long, commonly fused, collector trichomes extending over ca. 1 mm of style distal part, stylopodium present, nectary disc 0.4 mm high, ovary 0.2–0.3 mm long, rudimentary. Pappus 3.1–3.9 mm long, bristles 16 to 23, scabrid, frizzy and slightly flattened towards the apex, fused at the base, arranged in 1 series. Pistillate capitula with involucres 4.5–5.5 × 2.5–3.5 mm, cylindrical to urceolate, phyllaries in 5 to 7 series; outer phyllaries 1.4–1.6 × 1–1.1 mm, ovate, base truncate, apex acute, herbaceous, pubescent, resinous and glandulous, margins ciliate, hyaline-membranaceous; inner phyllaries 4–4.8 × 0.4–0.7 mm, narrowly elliptic to linear, base truncate, apex acute, herbaceous, pubescent towards the apex, margins entire at the base and ciliate towards the apex, hyaline-membranaceous. Receptacles flat to slightly convex, fimbriolate. Florets 27 to 95, diclinous, pistillate; corollas filiform, 2.4–3.4 mm long, white, limb ca. 0.3 mm long, 3-lobed, lobes obtuse, unequal; styles 3.5–3.7 mm long, style branches 0.5–0.6 mm long, narrowly elliptic, apex acute, stylopodium present. Cypselae 1–1.6 mm long, obconic, terete, 12–15-ribbed, surface covered with micropapillae, small carpopodium present. Pappus 2.8–4.7 mm long, bristles 12 to 25, scabrid, slightly thinner towards the apex, fused at the base, arranged in 1 series, persistent. Etymology:—The specific epithet refers to a defining feature of the new species, the nature of the wings which are all straight, with just barely sinuous margins. Distribution and habitat:—In Uruguay, Baccharis rectialata has only been collected in the departments of Cerro Largo, Durazno, and Treinta y Tres (Fig. 3), where it grows in rocky grasslands at 150–250 m asl. The habitat includes rocky grasslands often associated with scrub largely dominated by Baccharis dracunculifolia, Radlkoferotoma cistifolium (Compositae), and Dodonaea viscosa (Sapindaceae). According to Lezama et al. (2019), the new species (identified in their paper as Baccharis crispa Sprengel(1826:466)) occurs in sparsely-vegetated grasslands characterized by mesoxerophytic species developing on shallow or very shallow soils. According to Lezama et al. (2019), these communities are distinctive among several other grasslands hillside communities because of the presence of Oxalis conorrhiza (Oxalidaceae), Chascolytrum erectum (Poaceae), Baccharis rectialata and Baccharis ochracea. The new species seems to have a preference for rocky outcrops, although there is no evident geological correlation as we have found it in areas that vary from tectonically thrusted slabs including impure limestones (calc-phyllites), quartzites and low grade phyllites (Hartmann et al. 2001), medium grade biotite-rich granitic gneisses (Bossi et al. 1998), highly cemented or lithified sandstones and conglomerates escarpments (Ferrando & Andreis 1982; Caorsi & Goñi 1958) or generic granitic outcrops (Hartmann et al. 2001). Phenology: —Flowering from February to May, fruiting from June to August. Conservation assessment:— Baccharis rectialata was categorized as Endangered (EN) in the AOO analysis. Only five scattered populations of this species have been found, associated with rocky grasslands developing on shallow soils. Only one of these populations occurs in a conservation area, the “Paisaje protegido Quebrada de los Cuervos” protected area, in Treinta y Tres, a department in eastern Uruguay (Fig. 3). The other populations that were identified occur in the areas where forestry with exotic species has significantly intensified in recent years. Taxonomic comments:— Baccharis rectialata is morphologically similar to B. trimera (Lessing 1831: 141) Candolle (1836: 425) and B. crispa, inhabiting similar habitats or, as in the case of B. trimera, co-occurring with it. These three species share subshrubby habit, 3-winged stems profusely branched from the base, reduced leaves, and capitula arranged in glomerules along the terminal parts of main and lateral branches. However, B. rectialata differs from B. trimera in its narrower wings and a shorter capitulescence and from B. crispa in its straight wing margins, shorter involucres and a shorter pappus in staminate capitula (see Table I). The new species also resembles Baccharis genistelloides (Lamarck 1786: 93) Persoon (1807: 425), a species distributed along the Andes, from Colombia to northern Chile, in open grasslands at 3300–4800 m asl. Besides its clear ecological differences; Baccharis rectialata differs from B. genistelloides in its shorter involucre in staminate capitula (3.5–4 vs. 4.5–7.5 mm long), staminate florets with a shorter pappus (3.1–3.9 vs. 4.3–6.5 mm long), pistillate florets with a shorter pappus (2.8–4.7 vs. 5.3–10.5 mm long), shorter pistillate corollas (2.4–3.4 vs. 3.5–6.8 mm long), fewer pappus elements in pistillate florets (12–25 vs. 28–56), and in the number of pappus series in pistillate florets (one vs. several). Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— URUGUAY. Cerro Largo: Arroyo de la Tigra, cerca de Cerro de las Cuentas, [32°36’35.77”S, 54°34’30.63”W], 2 March 1972, staminate, O . Del Puerto (MVFA 11103!). Establecimiento Peñarrosa, Al Norte de Arévalo, 10 km al Sur de Paso Pereira, 32º31’52.95’’S, 55º10’42.52’’ W, 10 June 2016, pistillate, C . Brussa & M. Alvarez (MVJB 29922!). Durazno: Ruta 6 km 199, [33°19’20.83”S, 55°35’32.85”W], 23 February 1994, pistillate, R . Brescia (MVFA 23041!). Treinta y Tres: Estancia predios de forestación, 33º0’16.79’ ’ S, 54º13’9.09’’ W, 16 March 2017, staminate, C . Pérez et al. 102 (MVFA!); 33º0’16.79’’S, 54º13’9.09’’ W, 16 March 2017, pistillate, C . Pérez et al. 103 (MVFA!). Quebrada de los Cuervos, 32º55’4.36’’S, 54º27’23.59’’W, 5 April 2017, staminate, V . Valtierra et al. 321 (MVFA!). TABLE I. Morphological comparison between Baccharis rectialata and closely related species occurring in Uruguay. Character states of B. crispa and B. trimera clearly contrasting with those observed in B. rectialata are highlighted in boldface., Published as part of Valtierra, María Victoria, Marchesi, Eduardo, Heiden, Gustavo & Bonifacino, José M., 2021, Baccharis rectialata (Compositae: Astereae): a new species of carqueja from Uruguay, pp. 253-260 in Phytotaxa 478 (2) on pages 257-259, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.478.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5413241, {"references":["Lezama, F., Pereira, M., Altesor, A. & Paruelo, J. M. (2019) Grasslands of Uruguay: classification based on vegetation plots. Phytocoenologia 3: 211 - 229. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / phyto / 2019 / 0215","Sprengel, C. K. (1826) Systema vegetabilium, vol. 3. Dieterich, Gottingen, 936 pp.","Bossi, J., Ferrando, L. A., Montana, J., Campal, N., Morales, H., Gancio, F., Schipilov, A., Sprechman, P. & Pineyro, D. (1998) Carta Geologica del Uruguay a escala 1 / 500.000 - 1998. Ed. Geoeditores S. R. L., Montevideo.","Ferrando, L. A. & Andreis, R. R. (1982) Correlacion entre las columnas estratigraficas paleozoicas de Uruguay y Rio Grande del Sur, Brasil. (Resumen). Proyecto Nº 42 IUGS-UNESCO. Boletin Nº 5: 34 - 35. Montevideo. Uruguay.","Caorsi, J. & Goni, J. (1958) Geologia Uruguaya. Boletin Instituto Geologico del Uruguay Nº 37. Montevideo.","Lessing, C. F. (1831) Synanthereae Rich. Linnaea 6: 83 - 170.","Candolle, A. P. de (1836) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, vol. 5. Treuttel & Wurtz, Paris, 706 pp.","Lamarck, J. (1786) Encyclopedie Methodique, Botanique, vol. 2 (1). Panckoucke, Paris & Plomteux, Liege, pp. 1 - 400.","Persoon, Ch. (1807) Synopsis Plantarum, vol. 2 (2). C. F. Cramer, Paris & J. G. Gotta, Tubingen, pp. 273 - 657."]}

Key to the species of Baccharis sect. Curitybenses 1. Pappus of male floret twisted, not broadened at apex; cypsela sparsely covered by twin trichomes................... B. chionolaenoides 1. Pappus of male floret not twisted, broadened in the apex; cypsela densely covered by twin trichomes. 2. Leaves evenly distributed along the branches; peduncles with pilose indumentum; female floret with style 3–3.4 mm long; pappus 3.6–4 mm long, longer than style................................................................................................................................. B. curitybensis 2. Leaves crowded at the apex of the branches; peduncles with tomentose indumentum; female floret with style 3.9–4.2 mm long; pappus 2.9–3.2 mm long, shorter than style..................................................................................................................... B. nebularis, Published as part of Heiden, Gustavo & Pirani, José Rubens, 2014, Baccharis nebularis (Asteraceae, Astereae): a new species of B. subgen. Tarchonanthoides sect. Curitybenses from the mountains of Southern Brazil, pp. 125-130 in Phytotaxa 177 (2) on page 129, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.177.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5144632

9. Baccharis uleana Malagarriga (1977: 139). —Type: "Strauch in den Sümpfen der Estive dos Pregos bei Tubarão". BRAZIL: Santa Catarina, Capivari de Baixo, Banhado da Estiva dos Pregos, November 1889, E. Ule 1510 (holotype P (♀); isotype F! (1520199, ♂)). Heering (1904) cited the collection Ule 1510 as a voucher of B. gibertii in Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil. However, B. gibertii is restricted to Rio Grande do Sul State, southernmost Brazil, and Uruguay. Later, Malagarriga (1977) described B. uleana based on the same collection and indicating one specimen in P as holotype. Müller (2010) assigned B. uleana to Baccharis subgen. Baccharis, however he did not cite the voucher specimens seen. Malagarriga's holotype in P has not been found, however examination of a male isotype found at F, completely in agreement with the type locality and the protologue diagnosis, enables the recognition of this taxon as a distinct species belonging to subgenus Tarchonanthoides. II. Baccharis sect. Coridifoliae Giuliano (2011: 339). — Type: Baccharis coridifolia DC., Published as part of Heiden, Gustavo & Pirani, José Rubens, 2012, A synopsis and notes for Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides (Asteraceae: Astereae), pp. 41-49 in Phytotaxa 60 (1) on pages 44-45, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.60.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5061647, {"references":["Malagarriga Heras, R. P. (1977) [1976]. Nomenclator baccharidinarum omnium. Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle 37: 129 - 224.","Heering, W. (1904) Die Baccharis - Arten des Hamburger Herbars. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 21: 1 - 46.","Muller, J. (2010) World checklist of Baccharis L. (Compositae - Astereae). Available from: http: // www 2. uni - jena. de / biologie / spezbot / herbar / Baccharis. htm. (22 March 2012).","Giuliano, D. A. & Freire, S. E. (2011) Nuevas secciones en Baccharis (Asteraceae, Astereae) de America Del Sur. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 98: 331 - 347."]}

1. Baccharis gibertii Baker (1882: 52). —Type: "ad Maldonado et Montevideo, ad ripas fluminis S. Lucia: Capt. King! Gibert n. 813! 814! Arechavaleta n. 4104! Cunningham!". URUGUAY. Montevideo: Santa Lucia, 1867, ♀, M. E. Gibert 814 (lectotype K, first-step lectotype designated by Barroso 1976: 63, second-step lectotype designated here (000222026, right hand branch in the top) photo!; isolectoype K (000222026, left hand branch at the bottom) photo!). —Remaining syntypes: URUGUAY. Maldonado: s.d., ♂, P. P. King 63 (K (000222025) photo!). Montevideo: Santa Lucia, 1867, ♂, M. E. Gibert 813 (K (000222027) photo!); Bañado de la Barra de Santa Lucia, November 1814, ♂ & ♀, J. Arechavaleta 4104 (LP (006775)!, MVM!). Cunningham (not found). For Baccharis gibertii, Barroso (1976) indicated the specimen Gibert 814 as " holotype ". Here we propose the right hand branch at the top of the sheet (K000222026) as lectotype and consider the second branch at the base, under the same name and barcode number, as an isolectotype. The choice of one of these two branches is justified because the both branches of Gibert 814 are mounted separately on the same sheet and are mixed with the specimens of Gibert 813 and King 63. The branch chosen here as lectotype is clearly identified by the original label with the type locality, date and collecting number attached to it, and has more capitulescences and capitula than the other regarded as an isolectotype., Published as part of Heiden, Gustavo & Pirani, José Rubens, 2012, A synopsis and notes for Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides (Asteraceae: Astereae), pp. 41-49 in Phytotaxa 60 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.60.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5061647, {"references":["Baker, J. G. (1882) Compositae. III. Asteroideae, Inuloideae. In: Martius, C. F. P. † & Eichler, A. G. (eds). Flora brasiliensis enumeratio plantarum in Brasilia hactenus detectarum quas suis aliorumque botanicorum studiis descriptas et methodo naturali digestas partim icone illustratas 6: 1 - 134. Monachii, Lipsiae: Fleischer.","Barroso, G. M. (1976) Subtribo Baccharidinae Hoffman. Estudo das especies ocorrentes no Brasil. Rodriguesia 28: 1 - 281."]}

3. Baccharis helichrysoides de Candolle (1836: 415). —Type: "in Brasiliae prov. Rio-Grande et Sancti-Pauli.... (v. s.... in h. Mus. reg. Par. à Mus. imp. Bras. sub n. 811 et 492 miss.)". BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: [between Piratini and Pelotas fide Malagarriga (1957)], 1824, ♀ & ♂, F. Sellow d2013 = M. I. B. 811 (lectotype P (00468143) photo!, designated by Malagarriga 1958: 284; isolectotypes: G-DC (00200392) photo!, K). —Remaining syntypes: BRAZIL. São Paulo, s. d., ♀, F. Sellow s.n. = M. I. B. 492 (syntype P (00468144) photo!). BRAZIL. S.l., s. d., ♂ & ♀, F. Sellow s.n. (probable syntypes, fide Müller (2010), G (00222633; 00222634) photos!, GH (00247134) photo!, W). Baccharis lanuginosa Gardner (1848: 82). —Type: "Dry bushy places between Villa do Principe and Cocaes". BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: [between Serro and Arraial dos Cocais, between 18 th and 26 th August 1840, fide Hind, pers. comm.], Sept. 1840, ♀, G. Gardner 4900/1 (holotype BM (000756675) photo!). Barroso (1976) only indicated Sellow d2013 as " holotype " of B. helichrysoides, without citing any herbarium acronym. Although effectively a lectotypification, her choice was superseded owing to a previous lectotypification by Malagarriga (1957) based on the same material in P. The holotype of B. lanuginosa is stated as being from September 1840 on the type specimen sheet. However, Gardner (1848) wrote ' Aug. 1840 ' in the protologue and cited the collection as '4900,1'. In the 'Catalogue' of his collections, the entry of B. lanuginosa was clearly added relatively late when Gardner realized he had a 'new species' (Hind, pers. comm.)., Published as part of Heiden, Gustavo & Pirani, José Rubens, 2012, A synopsis and notes for Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides (Asteraceae: Astereae), pp. 41-49 in Phytotaxa 60 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.60.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5061647, {"references":["Candolle, A. P. de. (1836) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis sive enumeratio contracta ordinum, generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta, vol. 5. Paris: Treuttel & Wurtz.","Malagarriga Heras, R. P. [as Irmao Teodoro Luis] (1957) Para o estudo da Flora Sul-Riograndense qual o valor da \" Flora Brasiliensis \" de Martius? Contribuicoes do Instituto Geobiologico La Salle 8: 1 - 61.","Malagarriga Heras, R. P. [as Irmao Teodoro Luis] (1958) Notes critiques a propos des Baccharidinae de l'herbier du laboratoire de phanerogamie du museum d'histoire naturelle de Paris. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 2: 275 - 298.","Muller, J. (2010) World checklist of Baccharis L. (Compositae - Astereae). Available from: http: // www 2. uni - jena. de / biologie / spezbot / herbar / Baccharis. htm. (22 March 2012).","Gardner, G. (1848) Contributions towards a Flora of Brazil, being the distinctive characters of some new species of Compositae, belonging to the tribe Asteroideae. The London journal of botany: containing figures and descriptions of such plants as recommend themselves by their novelty, rarity, history, or uses: together with botanical notices and information and occasional portraits and memoirs of eminent botanists 7: 78 - 90.","Barroso, G. M. (1976) Subtribo Baccharidinae Hoffman. Estudo das especies ocorrentes no Brasil. Rodriguesia 28: 1 - 281."]}

14. Baccharis erigeroides de Candolle (1836: 418). —Type: "in campis editis prov. Sancti-Pauli". BRAZIL. São Paulo: Mogi das Cruzes, November 1833, ♀, P. W. Lund 845 (holotype G-DC (00136722) 2 sheets photo!). Baccharis puberula de Candolle (1836: 401). — Type: "in Brasiliae prov. Sancti-Pauli... (v.s. ♀ in h. Mus. reg. Par. à Mus. imp. Bras. sub n. 515 miss.) ". BRAZIL. São Paulo: s.d., ♀, F. Sellow s.n. = M. I. B. 515 (holotype P (00755577) photo!; isotype G-DC microfiche!). Baccharis erigeroides var. dusenii Heering ex Dusén (1910: 23). — Type: "Gesammelt auf den Campos bei Capão grande am 18. Dez. 1903 (Nr. 2766), und bei Capivari am 21. Okt. 1908 ". BRAZIL. Paraná: Ponta Grossa, Capão Grande, 18 December 1903, ♂, P. K. H. Dusén 2766 (lectotype R!, first-step lectotype designated by Barroso 1976: 55, second-step lectotype designated here; isolectotype R!, S). — Syntypes: BRAZIL. Paraná: Jaguariaíva, Capivari, 21 October 1908, ♂, P. K. H . Dusén s.n. (syntypes A (00003941) photo!, E! (00346655), M (0031202) photo!, NY! (00162243)). De Candolle (1836) described B. erigeroides based on Lund s.n. The specimen Lund 845, the only collection of this species at G-DC herbarium, agrees with the original data and description in the protologue and is composed of two sheets labelled as part 1 and 2 of the same specimen. These are stored under the same barcoding number (G00136722). So a lectotypification is not required in this situation. Concerning Baccharis erigeroides var. dusenii, Barroso (1976) cited the specimen Dusén 2766 as a type with duplicates housed in R and S, without specifying which one is the lectotype. There are two duplicates of Dusén 2766 stored in the same folder in R, but not labelled as the same specimen. Barroso's (1976) indication of Dusén 2766 is a firststep lectotypification. The designation here, of the preparation consisting of a branch with a fertile and a vegetative shoot along with another detached fertile shoot and the original label with Dusén's handwriting, is the second-step lectotypification. The remaining duplicate at R, composed of three detached fertile branches, is considered an isolectotype; the duplicate in S could not be located. Baccharis erigeroides var. dusenii Heering ex Dusén is commonly cited as originally described by Heering, however, this taxon was recognized by Heering in schedula and was later validated by Dusén (1910)., Published as part of Heiden, Gustavo & Pirani, José Rubens, 2012, A synopsis and notes for Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides (Asteraceae: Astereae), pp. 41-49 in Phytotaxa 60 (1) on page 46, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.60.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5061647, {"references":["Candolle, A. P. de. (1836) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis sive enumeratio contracta ordinum, generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta, vol. 5. Paris: Treuttel & Wurtz.","Dusen, P. K. H. (1910) Neue Gefasspflanzen aus Parana (Sudbrasilien). Arkiv for Botanik 9: 1 - 37.","Barroso, G. M. (1976) Subtribo Baccharidinae Hoffman. Estudo das especies ocorrentes no Brasil. Rodriguesia 28: 1 - 281."]}

17. Baccharis suberectifolia Oliveira-Deble & Deble (2008: 18). —Type: BRAZIL. Paraná: Palmeira, Rod. BR-277, rio Papagaios, campo limpo, ereta, capítulos alvescentes, 11 February 1988, ♀, G. Hatschbach & S. Ginzbarg 51875 (holotype MBM!; isotype US! (3112550)). III. Baccharis sect. Curitybenses Giuliano (2005: 536). — Type: Baccharis curitybensis Heering ex Malme., Published as part of Heiden, Gustavo & Pirani, José Rubens, 2012, A synopsis and notes for Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides (Asteraceae: Astereae), pp. 41-49 in Phytotaxa 60 (1) on page 47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.60.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5061647, {"references":["Oliveira-Deble, A. S. & Deble, L. P. (2008) New species of Baccharis (Asteraceae, Astereae) from Brazil. Bonplandia 17: 13 - 24.","Giuliano, D. A. (2005) New infragenera in Baccharis (Asteraceae, Astereae). Novon 15: 534 - 541."]}

4. Baccharis leucocephala Dusén (1910: 24). —Type: "Wächst in Gebüschen; bei Roça nova, den 24. Nov. 1903, (Nr. 2208), und bei Itapirusú, den 17. Nov. 1908 ". BRAZIL. Paraná: Piraquara, Roça Nova, 24 November 1903, ♀, P. K. H. Dusén 2208 (lectotype S (10-22317) photo!, designated by Barroso 1976: 62; isolectotypes HBG, R! (37746, ♂)). —Remaining syntypes: BRAZIL. Paraná: Itaperuçú, 17 November 1908, ♂ & ♀, P. K. H. Dusén 7169 (syntypes NY! (00162259), S (10-22319; 10-22321; 10-22323) photos!). Barroso (1976) chose Dusén 2208 at S as the " holotype " of B. leucocephala. This is the only case within Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides where a second-step lectotypification is not required, since Barroso's choice is in total accordance with the ICBN rules (McNeil et al. 2006)., Published as part of Heiden, Gustavo & Pirani, José Rubens, 2012, A synopsis and notes for Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides (Asteraceae: Astereae), pp. 41-49 in Phytotaxa 60 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.60.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5061647, {"references":["Dusen, P. K. H. (1910) Neue Gefasspflanzen aus Parana (Sudbrasilien). Arkiv for Botanik 9: 1 - 37.","Barroso, G. M. (1976) Subtribo Baccharidinae Hoffman. Estudo das especies ocorrentes no Brasil. Rodriguesia 28: 1 - 281."]}

20. Baccharis lychnophora Gardner (1848: 85). —Type: "Moist rocky places on the high mountains of the Diamond District ". BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: July 1840, ♂, G. Gardner 4898 (holotype BM (000554168) photo!; isotypes B † photo in F! (0 BN015009, Macbride negative number 15009), BHCB! (000042), G (00222623) photo!, GH (00003953) photo!, K, NY! (00162263), P (00755476) photo!, W, US! (00129312)). Baccharis tarchonanthoides var. integrifolia Baker (1882: 50). — Syntypes: "in prov. S. Paulo: Sello n. 175; in Minas Geraës ad Itambé: Martius" (syntypes not looked for). (synonym fide Barroso (1976)). Two collections were cited by Baker (1882) in the description of Baccharis tarchonanthoides var. integrifolia . Since none has been found so far, a lectotype cannot be designated here. The description provided in the protologue agrees with B. lychnophora and Barroso (1976) recognized this name as a synonym of this species., Published as part of Heiden, Gustavo & Pirani, José Rubens, 2012, A synopsis and notes for Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides (Asteraceae: Astereae), pp. 41-49 in Phytotaxa 60 (1) on page 47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.60.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5061647, {"references":["Gardner, G. (1848) Contributions towards a Flora of Brazil, being the distinctive characters of some new species of Compositae, belonging to the tribe Asteroideae. The London journal of botany: containing figures and descriptions of such plants as recommend themselves by their novelty, rarity, history, or uses: together with botanical notices and information and occasional portraits and memoirs of eminent botanists 7: 78 - 90.","Baker, J. G. (1882) Compositae. III. Asteroideae, Inuloideae. In: Martius, C. F. P. † & Eichler, A. G. (eds). Flora brasiliensis enumeratio plantarum in Brasilia hactenus detectarum quas suis aliorumque botanicorum studiis descriptas et methodo naturali digestas partim icone illustratas 6: 1 - 134. Monachii, Lipsiae: Fleischer.","Barroso, G. M. (1976) Subtribo Baccharidinae Hoffman. Estudo das especies ocorrentes no Brasil. Rodriguesia 28: 1 - 281."]}

16. Baccharis scabrifolia Heiden (2008: 6) [16 June 2008]. — Type: "Taimbesinho p. São Francisco de Paula". BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Cambará do Sul, Itaimbezinho, 7 February 1941, ♂, B. Rambo 4392 (holotype PACA!). Baccharis multipaniculata Oliveira-Deble & Deble (2008: 18) [August 2008]. — Type: BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Curitibanos, no campo, 900 m. s. m., 22 February 1962, ♀, R. Reitz & R. M. Klein 12222 (holotype HBR!)., Published as part of Heiden, Gustavo & Pirani, José Rubens, 2012, A synopsis and notes for Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides (Asteraceae: Astereae), pp. 41-49 in Phytotaxa 60 (1) on page 46, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.60.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5061647, {"references":["Heiden, G. (2008) A New Species of Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides Heering (Asteraceae-Astereae) from Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Bradea 13: 5 - 9.","Oliveira-Deble, A. S. & Deble, L. P. (2008) New species of Baccharis (Asteraceae, Astereae) from Brazil. Bonplandia 17: 13 - 24."]}

2. Baccharis gnaphalioides Sprengel (1826: 461). — Type: "Ad fl. magnum Amer. austr. Sello". URUGUAY. s.d., ♂, F. Sellow d585 (holotype P; isotypes GH (00247130; 00247131) photos!, K (00022190; 000221905) photos!). Baccharis radicans de Candolle (1836: 416). — Type: "in Brasiliae prov. Rio-Grande.... (v. s. in h. Mus. reg. Par. à Mus. imp. Bras. sub n. 906 miss.)". BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: s. d., ♂, F. Sellow s.n. = M. I. B. 906 (holotype P (00755689) photo!; isotypes B† photo in F! (0 BN037718), G-DC (00200458) photo!,)., Published as part of Heiden, Gustavo & Pirani, José Rubens, 2012, A synopsis and notes for Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides (Asteraceae: Astereae), pp. 41-49 in Phytotaxa 60 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.60.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5061647, {"references":["Sprengel, K. (1826) Systema vegetabilium, ed. 16, vol. 3. Gottingensis: Dieterich.","Candolle, A. P. de. (1836) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis sive enumeratio contracta ordinum, generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta, vol. 5. Paris: Treuttel & Wurtz."]}

12. Baccharis bicolor (Joch. Müll.) G. Heiden, comb. et stat. nov. Basionym: Baccharis coridifolia subsp. bicolor Müller (2006: 276). — Type: BOLIVIA. Cochabamba: Prov. Ayopaya, Independencia 22 km hacia Kami, em dirección S, 3670 m, 29 November 1981, ♂ & ♀, S . Beck 7467 (holotype JE (00005245) photo!; isotypes G, LPB, SI! (004229), US! (00901686), USZ). Müller (2006) applied the infraspecific rank of subspecies to "taxa that are morphologically (nearly) always well separated and have distinct or scarcely overlapping distributions" and used varieties for "taxa in which the character states show frequent overlap and which are sympatric". In the current checklist, any taxon that can be distinguished from the others by morphological characters is considered a species and therefore a new combination and status is proposed. As pointed out by Müller (2006), B. bicolor can be distinguished from B. coridifolia by, amongst others, leaves and shoots with a persistent indumentum of filiform hairs and a pappus of female florets with less than 60 bristles. In contrast, B. coridifolia has longer and wider leaves and shoots without filiform hairs or with these only present on very young structures and then caduceus. Baccharis coridifolia has female florets with a pappus of more than 80 bristles. Both species do not overlap in geographic distribution, since B. bicolor is restricted to the Yungas of northeastern Bolivia (elevations between 2500-3500 m in the Departments of Cochabamba and La Paz) while B. coridifolia is widespread in southern South America, occurring from southwestern Bolivia (elevations between 1200-2700 m in the Departments of Chuquisaca, Tarija and Santa Cruz) to southeastern Brazil, south to central and eastern Argentina., Published as part of Heiden, Gustavo & Pirani, José Rubens, 2012, A synopsis and notes for Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides (Asteraceae: Astereae), pp. 41-49 in Phytotaxa 60 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.60.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5061647, {"references":["Muller, J. (2006) Systematics of Baccharis (Compositae - Astereae) in Bolivia, including an overview of the genus. Systematic Botany Monographs 76: 1 - 341."]}

Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2020-05-14T00:32:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Valter Paes de Almeida.pdf: 8433235 bytes, checksum: 5dae2ba273de0372e491875aff1e06e0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-14T00:32:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Valter Paes de Almeida.pdf: 8433235 bytes, checksum: 5dae2ba273de0372e491875aff1e06e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-17 Baccharis é um dos mais representativos gêneros de Asteraceae, compreendendo 440 espécies distribuídas originalmente no continente Americano. Muitas espécies desse gênero são conhecidas na medicina tradicional como carquejas ou vassouras, e usadas popularmente para a mesma finalidade terapêutica, principalmente na forma de chás, atuando como anti-inflamatório, digestivo, diurético e antidiabético. Várias espécies de Baccharis são, muitas vezes, similares morfologicamente, o que dificulta a identificação taxonômica. Desta forma, a morfoanatomia de espécies do gênero tem sido investigada, buscando identificar novos caracteres para dirimir dúvidas resultantes da dificuldade de identificação. Nesse sentido, este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a anatomia foliar e caulinar de dez espécies de Baccharis do subgênero Coridifoliae: B. albilanosa, B. artemisioides, B. bicolor, B. coridifolia, B. erigeroides, B. napaea, B. pluricapitulata, B. ochracea B. scabrifolia e B. suberectifolia, a fim de fornecer subsídios taxonômicos e farmacobotânicos, contribuindo para a caracterização das espécies desse táxon e o controle da qualidade de drogas vegetais e fitoterápicos. Para tanto, foram usadas técnicas de microscopia de luz e eletrônica de varredura, bem como análises histoquímicas para identificação de metabólitos secundários nas espécies estudadas. Como resultados, foram observadas várias características anatômicas comuns às espécies de Baccharis subgen. Coridifoliae, como folhas com margem revoluta; epiderme com paredes anticlinais retas; estômatos anomocíticos; tricomas tectores cônicos, glandulares bisseriados e glandulares flageliformes; dutos secretores próximos ao floema na folha e no caule; feixe vascular único colateral na nervura central; caule com formato arrendondado/irregular e cristais de oxalato de cálcio do tipo estiloides, prismáticos e bidipiramidais simples. Quanto à seção Pluricephalae, os aspectos comuns observados foram folhas com margem revoluta; epiderme com paredes anticlinais retas na face adaxial; estômatos anomocíticos; tricomas glandulares bisseriados e glandulares flageliformes; dutos secretores; caule com tricomas glandulares flageliformes com base formada por até nove células; e cristais do tipo estiloides, prismáticos e bipiramidais simples. Em relação à seção Coridifoliae, as características comuns encontradas na maioria das espécies foram folhas com margem revoluta; epiderme com paredes anticlinais retas na face adaxial; estômatos anomocíticos; tricomas tectores cônicos, glandulares bisseriados e glandulares flageliformes; formato da nervura central côncavo-convexa; dutos secretores; caule com formato arredondado e presença de cristais estiloides e prismáticos. Os caracteres anatômicos das folhas e caules descritos, em conjunto, fornecem subsídios botânicos que auxiliam na identificação das espécies, contribuindo para o controle da qualidade de drogas vegetais e fitoterápicos, além de fornecer dados taxonômicos para o subgen. Coridifoliae, para o gênero Baccharis e para a família Asteraceae. Adicionalmente, esse estudo é o primeiro a caracterizar anatomicamente um subgênero de Baccharis. Consequentemente, estudos anatômicos de outros subgêneros são necessários para a caracterização completa do gênero, contribuindo com estudos taxonômicos e evolutivos. Baccharis is one of the most representative genera of Asteraceae, comprising 440 species originally distributed in the American continent. Many species of this genus are known in traditional medicine as “carquejas” or “vassouras”, and popularly used for the same therapeutic purposes, mainly in tea form, acting as anti-inflammatory, digestive, diuretic and antidiabetic. Several species of Baccharis are often morphologically similar, which makes taxonomic identification difficult. Thus, the morphoanatomy of species of the genus have been investigated, seeking to identify new characters to solve doubts resulting from difficulty of identification. In that sense, this work aims to analyze the leaf and stem anatomy of ten Baccharis species of the subgenus Coridifoliae: B. albilanosa, B. artemisioides, B. bicolor, B. coridifolia, B. erigeroides, B. napaea, B. pluricapitulata, B. ochracea B. scabrifolia and B. suberectifolia, in order to provide taxonomic and pharmacobotanical subsidies, contributing to the characterization of this taxon species and the quality control of herbals. Light and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used, as well as histochemical analyzes to identify secondary metabolites in the studied species. As a result, several common anatomical features common to Baccharis subgen. Coridifoliae species were observed, such as leaves with revolute margin; epidermis with straight anticlinal walls; anomocytic stomata; conical non-glandular, bisseriate glandular and flagelliform glandular trichomes; secretory ducts near the phloem in the leaf and stem; a single collateral vascular bundle in the midrib; rounded/irregular stem shape and styloids, prismatics and simple bipyramidals calcium oxalate crystals. As for the Pluricephalae section, the common aspects observed were leaves with revolute margin; epidermis with straight anticlinal walls on the adaxial surface; anomocytic stomata; bisseriate glandular and flagelliform glandular trichomes; secretory ducts; stem with flagelliform glandular trichomes based on up to nine cells; and styloids, prismatics and simple bipyramidals crystals. Regarding the Coridifoliae section, the common characteristics found in most species were leaves with revolute margin; epidermis with straight anticlinal walls on the adaxial surface; anomocytic stomata; conical non-glandular, bisseriate glandular and flagelliform glandular trichomes; concave-convex midrib shape; secretory ducts; rounded stem shape and presence of styloids and prismatics crystals. The anatomical characters of the leaves and stems described, together, provide botanical subsidies that help on the identification of species, contributing to the quality control of plant and herbals, as well as providing taxonomic data for the subgen. Coridifoliae, genus Baccharis and Asteraceae family. Aditionally, this study is the first to characterize anatomically a subgenus of Baccharis. Hence, anatomy studies are necessary to characterize completely the genus, contributing with taxonomy and evolutionary studies.