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Objective: This study compared the catechin composition of different tea byproducts and investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with green tea byproducts on the accumulation of abdominal fat, the modulation of lipid metabolism, and the inflammatory response in red feather native chickens.Methods: Bioactive compounds were detected, and in vitro anti-obesity capacity analyzed via 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In animal experiments, 320 one-day-old red feather native chickens were divided into 4 treatment groups: control, basal diet supplemented with 0.5% Jinxuan byproduct (JBP), basal diet supplemented with 1% JBP, or basal diet supplemented with 5×106 colony-forming unit (CFU)/kg Bacillus amyloliquefaciens+5×106 CFU/kg Saccharomyces cerevisiae (BA+SC). Growth performance, serum characteristics, carcass characteristics, and the mRNA expression of selected genes were measured.Results: This study compared several cultivars of tea, but Jinxuan showed the highest levels of the anti-obesity compound epigallocatechin gallate. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes treated with Jinxuan extract significantly reduced lipid accumulation. There were no significant differences in growth performance, serum characteristics, or carcass characteristics among the groups. However, in the 0.5% JBP group, mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were significantly decreased. In the 1% JBP group, FAS, ACC and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ levels were significantly decreased. Moreover, inflammation-related mRNA expression levels were decreased by the addition of JBP.Conclusion: JBP contained abundant catechins and related bioactive compounds, which reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, however there was no significant reduction in abdominal fat. This may be due to a lack of active anti-obesity compounds or because the major changes in fat metabolism were not in the abdomen. Nonetheless, lipogenesis-related and inflammation-related mRNA expression were reduced in the 1% JBP group. In addition, dietary supplementation with tea byproducts could reduce the massive amount of byproducts created during tea production and modulate lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response in chickens.

This study evaluated the effects of 10% solid-state fermentation (SSF) wheat bran (WB) by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) in broiler diets, on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and intestinal microbiota and serum characteristics of broiler chickens. The results showed that fermented wheat bran with BA or BA and SC reduced NDF and ADF contents in WB material. A total of 240 male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly allocated into four feeding groups: (1). Basal diet with 10% WB (control treatment). (2). Basal diet that replaced WB with fermented WB by BA (FWBA). (3). Fermented WB by SC (FWSC), and (4). Fermented WB by BA and SC (FWBA + SC), each group was fed these particular diets for 35 d. Results demonstrated that replacement of WB with FWBA and FWBA + SC improved feed conversion ratio (d 1 to d 35) compared to the control group. Moreover, the 10% FWBA group significantly enhanced the lactic acid bacteria count in the ileum of 35 d old broilers. Compared to the control group, the 10% FWBA and 10% FWSC groups, showed significantly increased ileal lactic acid levels, and in the 10% FWSC group, the ileum villus height was significantly increased in 35 d old broilers. However, treatments with 10% FWBA and 10% FWBA + SC had a tendency to reduce serum cholesterol. In conclusion, a 10% FWBA replacement in the diet could ameliorate health status in broilers by improving growth performance, modulating intestinal microbiota and increasing lactic acid in the ileum.