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Electron microscope investigations have revealed disintegration of the cell wall of Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens and subsequent killing of bacterial cells after application of 1% solutions of the citrates of Ag-Cu nanoparticles, the complex Co-Cu-Zn-Fe-Mn-Mo-Mg (Avatar-1) and iodine-selenium. In field conditions, it was revealed that pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds with the aforementioned 1% solutions significantly inhibited the development of basal glume rot in cereals with artificial infection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens. Consequently, reduction of the typical symptoms of basal glume rot of cereals and the percentage of isolated cells of Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens D13 were detected in wheat plants upon pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds by experimental biocides. These results can be explained by structural changes in the bacterial cells of the pathogen that lead to reduction of viable forms of bacteria due to damage of both the cell wall and internal contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main bacterial diseases of maize: bacterial wilt of maize (Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii), goss's bacterial wilt (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis), seed rot-seedling blight of maize (Bacillus subtilis), bacterial spot of maize (Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae), bacterial leaf spot of maize (Pantoea agglomerans) and bacterial stalk rot of maize caused by several causative agents, were described. The causative agents of these diseases are often stored and transmitted with seeds, so seed analysis for the presence of phytopathogenic bacteria is an important step in the pathogen control system. For analysis, the corn seeds that were grown in the Poltava and Kiev regions of Ukraine were used. Microbiological analysis of seeds was carried out by classical methods. From visually healthy corn seeds, that form shoots in the field conditions, strongly affected by root rot, were isolated the strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Isolated P. fluorescens strains were the reason for the damage of soft rot in the field. This type of bacteria is an opportunistic pathogen and is capable of causing soft rot of a number of crops. It has been established that P. fluorescens cause root rot of maize seedlings. From visually healthy seeds, from which healthy corn seedlings form, Pantoea agglomerans and Pantoea ananatis were isolated. P. agglomerans are widespread plant epiphyte. P. ananatis causes disease symptoms in a wide range of economically important crops and forest tree species worldwide. It is regarded as a pathogen based on the increasing number of diseases reports on previously unrecorded hosts in different parts of the world and can cause damage to maize seedlings in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]