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Objective　To explore the changing characteristics of fecal bacteria in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice. Methods　From January 2019 to May 2019，87 cases with malignant obstructive jaundice were taken as case bank and screened by inclusion and exclusion criteria. After that，10 patients and 10 healthy relatives of patients were selected， age， sex and BMI were recorded， and faeces were sent for 16srDNA copy number. Results （1）The fecal bacteria abundance and diversity index of the experimental group were lower than that of the control group， but there was no statistical significance （P < 0.05）. However， when the data of fecal bacteria abundance were presented in the Heatmap， the intuitive difference was more obvious. （2） The data of the two groups were subdivided by bacteria genus， and it was found that the composition of fecal bacteria genus in the experimental group changed fundamentally compared with that in the control group （ P < 0.05） . Among them， Escherichia-Shigella，Streptococcus，Veillonella，Enterococcus，Akkermansia increased significantly， while the bacteria genera of wiesia and clostridium declined significantly. Whether the intestinal flora can be rebalanced may affect the therapeutic effect. Conclusion　The fecal flora structure of patients with malignant obstructive jaundice is significantly different from that of normal control group， and the dominant flora genus has been fundamentally changed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]