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Golgi apparatus (GA) oxidative stress induced by in situ reactive oxygen species (ROS) could severely damage the morphology and function of GA, which may open up an avenue for effective photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, due to the lack of effective design strategy, photosensitizers (PSs) with specific GA targeting ability are in high demand and yet quite challenging. Herein, we report an aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) based PS (TPE-PyT-CPS) that can effectively target the GA via caveolin/raft mediated endocytosis with a Pearson correlation coefficient up to 0.98. Additionally, the introduction of pyrene into TPE-PyT-CPS can reduce the energy gap between the lowest singlet state (S1) and the lowest triplet state (T1) (ΔEST) and exhibits enhanced singlet oxygen generation capability. GA fragmentation and cleavage of GA proteins (p115/GM130) are observed upon light irradiation. Meanwhile, the apoptotic pathway is activated through a crosstalk between GA oxidative stress and mitochondria in HeLa cells. More importantly, GA targeting TPE-T-CPS show better PDT effect than its non-GA-targeting counterpart TPE-PyT-PS, even though they possess very close ROS generation rate. This work provides a strategy for the development of PSs with specific GA targeting ability, which is of great importance for precise and effective PDT. Aggregation induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) based photosensitizers (PSs) have been developed for photodynamic cancer therapy. Here the authors report a series of AIEgen-based PSs that selectively target the Golgi apparatus, showing enhanced singlet oxygen generation and photodynamic therapy performance in cancer models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel phoxonic crystal (PxC) structure composed of silicon, with optimal dual phononic band gap (PNBG) and photonic band gap (PTBG), is presented. Using the finite element analysis method, both the transmission characteristics and dispersion relation of PNBG and PTBG are calculated, and the existence of dual BGs is demonstrated by the means of the analysis of transmission for the PxC structure. The influences of structural parameters on the dual forbidden band characteristics are further explored, the sensitive structure parameters can be determined: the width of elastic beams, the length of square silicon, and the length of square hole. Using the orthogonal test, 25 experimental runs based on 3-factor and 5-level experiment are performed to finish the numerical experimental design and analysis. Four functional relationships can be acquired between the three sensitive parameters and dual BGs. Finally, the unified objective function method is employed to perform the construction of the single objective optimization model for the purpose of obtaining the optimal dual BGs and the corresponding optimal parameter combinations of the PxC structure. Such scheme can be used as the potential optimization way, which may find wide application in the development and design of PxCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the band gap (BG) properties of the phononic crystal (PC) involving bonding layers described by the ring-like structure are investigated. Based on the generalized Maxwell model, the effect of the bonding layers on BGs dependence is analyzed. Combing the numerical simulation and physical experiment, BG characteristic of the ring-like PC structure involving bonding layers is proved to be more suitable for the practical application. The effects of several parameters such as the thickness of bonding layers, the height of cuboid scatterer, the height of the elastic beams, and the width of the elastic beams onto BGs are analyzed by numerical simulation, and the last three parameters are demonstrated to be the critical factors for BGs. Based on the response surface method (RSM), three factors and seven levels experiments are designed to determine the relationships between the three key factors and BGs. The optimal BGs of the proposed PC structure involving bonding layers can be opened from 60 Hz to 300 Hz. It is established that the research results can provide possibilities to boost the development and design of PCs involving bonding layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]