100 results on '"banques"'
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2. Financial Transparency to the Rescue: Effects of Public Country‐by‐Country Reporting in the European Union Banking Sector on Tax Avoidance*.
- Author
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Overesch, Michael and Wolff, Hubertus
- Subjects
FINANCIAL disclosure ,FINANCIAL bailouts ,TAX havens ,CORPORATE tax planning ,TAX shelters ,ORGANIZATIONAL transparency - Abstract
Copyright of Contemporary Accounting Research is the property of Canadian Academic Accounting Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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3. RISQUES GLOBAUX ET DYNAMIQUES REGIONALES DANS LE SECTEUR BANCAIRE FACE UN DÉFI CLIMATIQUE : CHRONIQUE D'UNE FAILLITE ANNONCEE ?
- Author
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RELANO, FRANCESC and PAULET, ELISABETH
- Subjects
BUSINESS networks ,CARBON offsetting ,FINANCIAL institutions ,CLIMATE change ,BANK investments - Abstract
Copyright of Vie et Sciences de l'Entreprise is the property of ANDESE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
4. CHANGER LES HOMMES POUR CHANGER LA VIE? CONTRIBUTION À UNE SOCIOLOGIE POLITIQUE DES NOMINATIONS : L'EXEMPLE DES BANQUES NATIONALISÉES EN 1982.
- Author
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Fulla, Mathieu and Kolopp, Sarah
- Published
- 2023
5. La place du client bancassuré au sein des banques: étude empirique du contexte algérien.
- Author
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CHEURFA, Sadika and HADDOUCHE, Souad
- Abstract
Copyright of Al Bashaer Economic Journal is the property of Al Bashaer Economic Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
6. L’IMPACT DES CARACTÉRISTIQUES DU CONSEIL D’ADMINISTRATION SUR LA PERFORMANCE DES BANQUES ALGÉRIENNES.
- Author
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Touahri, Mohammed
- Subjects
BANK management ,BANKING industry ,BOARDS of directors ,PANEL analysis ,CHIEF executive officers ,MEETINGS - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Research in Finance & Accounting is the property of Journal of Research in Finance & Accounting and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
7. Les investisseurs et la multinationalisation des banques en Afrique.
- Author
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ZANGA ONGBWA, Paul Dominique
- Subjects
INSTITUTIONAL investors ,AXIOMS ,GENDER ,STOCKHOLDERS ,BANKING industry - Abstract
Copyright of Revue du Financier is the property of Societe Cybel and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
8. Les stratégies de crowdsourcing pour innover : quels enjeux ? Le cas des banques françaises.
- Author
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JOUNY-RIVIER, ELODIE and RENAULT, SOPHIE
- Subjects
VALUE creation ,INTERNET users ,LEGAL reasoning ,CROWDSOURCING ,CONTRACTING out - Abstract
Copyright of Management international / International Management / Gestiòn Internacional is the property of Management International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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9. La Productivité Totale des Facteurs des Banques en Algérie : Décomposition par l'Indice de Malmquist.
- Author
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BENALI, Nisrine
- Abstract
Copyright of Economic Researcher Review is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
10. L’opérationnalisation de la justice procédurale par les politiques environnementales des banques au Québec
- Author
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Quenneville, Danielle, Teitelbaum, Sara, and Jodoin, Laurent
- Subjects
Procedural justice ,Environmental policy ,justice procédurale ,justice environnementale ,politique environnementale ,normes de développement durable ,Banks ,banques ,Sustainable development standards ,Environmental justice - Abstract
Le présent mémoire porte sur l’analyse des politiques environnementales des institutions financières au Québec en relation avec la justice procédurale. L’approche empirique consiste en une analyse documentaire des politiques environnementales et présente deux objectifs : le premier est d’établir des critères spécifiques de la justice procédurale par une revue des normes de développement durable pour le domaine bancaire; et le deuxième est de déterminer comment les institutions financières au Québec intègrent les critères de la justice procédurale dans le processus de création de politiques environnementales. L’application du cadre d’analyse opérationnalisé de la justice procédurale révèle le peu de détail sur les processus participatifs liés aux critères d’inclusivité ayant mené à l’obtention des résultats présentés au sein de la documentation. Les politiques environnementales s’avèrent plutôt axées sur les principes de gestion du risque environnemental, et les rapports ESG sur les engagements à long terme des banques selon des objectifs de développement durable variés. L’analyse révèle une présence importante des critères de transparence, et une moins grande prédominance des critères d'inclusivité et de participation. Ceci permet d’identifier une occasion pour les banques à engager les différentes parties prenantes de concert les unes avec les autres sur des décisions les affectant., This thesis focuses on the analysis of the environmental policies of financial institutions in Quebec in relation to procedural justice. The empirical approach consists of a documentary analysis of environmental policies and has two objectives: the first is to establish specific criteria of procedural justice through a review of sustainable development standards for the banking sector; and the second is to determine how financial institutions in Quebec integrate the criteria of procedural justice into the process of creating environmental policies. The application of the operationalized analytical framework of procedural justice reveals the lack of detail on the participatory processes related to the inclusiveness criteria that led to the obtaining of the results presented in the documentation. Environmental policies tend to focus on environmental risk management principles, and ESG reporting on banks' long-term commitments to various sustainable development goals. The analysis reveals a significant presence of transparency criteria, and a lesser predominance of inclusiveness and participation criteria. This identifies an opportunity for banks to engage different stakeholders in concert with each other on decisions affecting them.
- Published
- 2023
11. L'état des lieux et perspectives des pratiques du marketing bancaire au niveau des agences bancaires de la wilaya d'Oran.
- Author
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Kamel, TCHAM, Brahim, BELKAID, and Khaled, REDJEM
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Financial, Accounting & Managerial Studies is the property of Journal of Financial, Accounting & Managerial Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
12. L'impact des mécanismes de gouvernance internes et externes sur la performance financière des banques en Algérie.
- Author
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MERHOUN, Malek and BENHALIMA, Imane
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Economic Sciences, Management & Commercial Sciences (JESMCS) is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
13. BANKS, EUROZONE, HUMAN CAPITAL EFFICIENCY AND RETURN ON EQUITY: AN APPROACH VIA PANEL ECONOMETRICS.
- Author
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PIGET, Patrick and ROUSSEL, Josse
- Subjects
RATE of return ,HUMAN capital ,ECONOMETRICS ,FIXED effects model ,EUROZONE - Abstract
Copyright of Vie et Sciences de l'Entreprise is the property of ANDESE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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14. Effect of trading on the profitability and solvency of colombian banks.
- Author
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Carrillo Castro, Ramiro and Gómez Mejía, Alina
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Impact of Banking Competition on the Use of Soft Information.
- Author
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BERTRAND, JÉRÉMIE and STATNIK, JEAN-CHRISTOPHE
- Subjects
BANK loans - Abstract
Copyright of Management international / International Management / Gestiòn Internacional is the property of Management International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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16. La Tunisie et l'Égypte pendant l'après-guerre:les prémices d'une économie nationale ?
- Author
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GHARBI, Mohamed L. azhar
- Abstract
Copyright of Outre-Mers: Revue d'Histoire is the property of Societe Francaise d'Histoire d'Outre Mer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
17. L'économie de l 'outre-mer colonial :r etour à la normale ou changement ?
- Author
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BONIN, Hubert
- Abstract
Copyright of Outre-Mers: Revue d'Histoire is the property of Societe Francaise d'Histoire d'Outre Mer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
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18. IAS/IFRS and Covid-19: The case of the Moroccan banking sector
- Author
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mkik, Marouane, Mkik, Salwa, Kaoutar, El Menzhi, Institute of Sound Recording (IoSR), University of Surrey (UNIS), and mkik, Marouane
- Subjects
Banks ,IFRS ,Accounting ,IAS ,Comptes comptables ,IFRS Covid-19 ,[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences ,Covid-19 ,Banques ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences - Abstract
The Covid-19 health crisis came after more than ten years of economic and financial disaster, but unlike the subprime crisis, the banking sector is not to blame. It should be said that the banking sector is very sensitive to its environment, and the concept of fair value in IAS/IFRS will have an influence on accounting. Therefore, the objective of this research is to examine the influence of the crisis on the price performance of banks listed on the Casablanca Stock Exchange, as well as the impact of volatility on the book value. The data show that the MASI index fell precipitously, while the volatility of listed banking products increased., La crise sanitaire du Covid-19 est arrivée après plus de dix ans de désastre économique et financier, mais contrairement à la crise des subprimes, le secteur bancaire n'est pas à blâmer. Il sied à dire que le secteur bancaire, est très sensible à son environnement, et le concept de juste valeur dans les normes IAS/IFRS aura une influence sur les comptes comptables. Par conséquent, l'objectif de cette recherche est d'examiner l'influence de la crise sur la performance des cours des banques cotées à la Bourse de Casablanca, ainsi que l'impact de la volatilité sur la valeur comptable. Les données montrent que l'indice MASI a chuté précipitamment, alors que la volatilité des produits bancaires cotés a augmenté.
- Published
- 2021
19. Der störrische Bankkunde. Intransparenz und Vertrauensprobleme in der Bank-Kunden-Beziehung
- Author
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Neeb, Philipp and Knake, Sebastian
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Impact of Banking Competition on the Use of Soft Information
- Author
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Jean-Christophe Statnik and Jérémie Bertrand
- Subjects
Bancos ,Social Sciences and Humanities ,Banking Competition ,Technologies de financement ,relación bancaria ,Competition (economics) ,Banks ,Transactional leadership ,Extant taxon ,Soft information ,0502 economics and business ,Economics ,PME ,competencia bancaria ,Industrial organization ,040101 forestry ,Measure (data warehouse) ,050208 finance ,SME ,Concurrence bancaire ,05 social sciences ,Lending Technologies ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Resolution (logic) ,Banques ,PyME ,Loan ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Sciences Humaines et Sociales - Abstract
Over the past 20 years, scholars have discussed the impact of banking competition on the choice between transactional and relationship lending technologies extensively, but no resolution has emerged. To address these questions, this article uses a new measure of relationship lending that accounts for the actual level of soft information that banks use in their loan pricing. With this new measure, the analysis reveals that banks prefer to implement relationship lending technology when competition is weak. In addition and in accordance with extant theoretical conclusions, the shape of the relationship between competition and relationship banking is nonlinear and concave., Durant les 20 dernières années, la question de l’impact de la concurrence bancaire sur le choix entre le financement relationnel ou transactionnel a longuement été débattue sans aboutir à une réponse claire. Dans cet article, nous construisons une nouvelle mesure du financement relationnel basée sur le niveau d’information soft utilisée par la banque lors de la tarification du crédit. Cette nouvelle mesure permet de montrer que les banques préfèrent utiliser le financement relationnel lorsque la concurrence est faible. En outre, nous confirmons les conclusions théoriques antérieures : la relation entre la concurrence et le financement relationnel est concave., Durante estos 20 últimos anos, los investigadores discutieron acerca del impacto de la competencia bancaria en cuanto a la elección entre la relación bancaria y la relación tecnológica, pero ninguna se impuso. Este artículo se basa en una nueva medida de relación bancaria: el nivel real de informaciones soft en las que se basan muchos bancos para fijar los precios de sus préstamos. Con esta medida, nuestro análisis revela que los bancos apuestan por una relación bancaria cuando la competencia no es relevante. Además, la forma de la relación entre la competencia bancaria y la relación bancaria es cóncavo.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Quand l’État devient banquier
- Author
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Chambost, Isabelle and Touchelay, Béatrice
- Subjects
nationalizations ,banques ,politique gouvernementale ,État ,Social Sciences ,regulation ,nationalisation ,banks ,government policy ,state ,régulation ,State - Abstract
Cet article analyse les structures mises en place par l’État, à la Libération, pour gérer ses participations dans les quatre banques de dépôt nationalisées. Pointant les écarts entre les volontés affichées d’une part, notamment la capacité de l’État à gérer de manière productive, et les réalisations concrètes de l’autre, cet article met l’accent sur les difficultés rencontrées dans la mise en œuvre de ce contrôle. Ces tensions, liées à la diversité des intérêts des banquiers et ressenties jusqu’au sommet de l’État, apparaissent dès que l’on croise les échelles d’analyse : celle macro, de la loi et de son application nationale, et celle micro, d’une banque (la Société Générale) passée dans le giron de l’État. Afin d’en comprendre les ressorts, nous avons inscrit ces réformes dans une perspective historique, pointant les continuités et les ruptures à l’œuvre dans la genèse de cet État nouvellement actionnaire qui puise ses racines dans les imperfections du système antérieur, d’abord celui de « l’État effacé », du début du xxe siècle jusqu’à l’avènement de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, puis d’une volonté politique affirmée d’installer un « État partenaire », de 1940 à 1945, pendant que l’État s’introduit, non sans mal jusqu’aux années 1960, aux côtés de la corporation bancaire. This article analyses the structures put in place by the State at the Liberation to manage its holdings in the four nationalized deposit banks. Pointing out the discrepancies between its stated intentions, particularly its capacity to manage productively, and its achievements, this article highlights the difficulties encountered in implementing this control. These tensions, linked to the diversity of bankers’ interests and the very high tensions at the top of the state, appear as soon as one crosses the scales of analysis, the macro scale - of the law and its national application - and the micro scale, of a bank (the Société Générale) that has become part of the bosom of the state. To understand some of the reasons behind these reforms, we have placed them in a historical perspective, pointing out the continuities and ruptures. It shows that the State as shareholder is rooted in the imperfections of the previous system, that of the "erased State", from the beginning of the 20th century to the outbreak of the Second World War, and then in an asserted political will to install a "partner State" from 1940 to 1945 where the State entered, not without difficulty until the sixties, alongside the banking corporation.
- Published
- 2021
22. Le statut évolutif de la confiance dans la relation entre les clients vulnérables et les banques
- Author
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Amine, Abdelmajid, Gatfaoui, Shérazade, Institut de Recherche en Gestion (IRG), and Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Gustave Eiffel
- Subjects
relational strategies ,banques ,relations de services ,trust ,Clients vulnérables ,IRG_AXE2 ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,banks ,service encounters ,stratégies relationnelles ,confiance ,Vulnerable customers ,France ,social inclusion ,inclusion sociale - Abstract
International audience; This research analyzes trust building and evolution within the vulnerable customer–bank relationship. It introduces the time dimension to study the development processes of trust during services encounters. A qualitative and longitudinal study was undertaken based on retrospective cases conducted with dyads of vulnerable clients/advisors within a French bank. We highlight the general development process of interpersonal and institutional trust and the existence of two modes of trust building – linear and by stages – depending on the occurrence of banking incidents, their nature, and their resolution by the bank. We also observe a shift from institutional to interpersonal trust within the customer–bank relationship. We question banks’ relational strategies and their willingness to restore confidence among this vulnerable population, which represents a small but quite profitable segment.; Cet article analyse l’établissement et l’évolution temporelle de la confiance dans la relation client vulnérable-banque. Il s’appuie sur un travail qualitatif et longitudinal fondé sur des études de cas rétrospectives auprès de dyades de clients vulnérables/conseillers au sein d’une banque française. Il met en évidence le processus de développement de la confiance interpersonnelle et institutionnelle et l’existence de deux modes de construction de la confiance (linéaire et par étapes) selon la survenance des incidents bancaires, leur nature et leur résolution par la banque. On constate un passage de la confiance institutionnelle à la confiance interpersonnelle dans la relation client-banque. L’article s’interroge sur les stratégies relationnelles des banques et sur leur volonté de restaurer la confiance au sein de cette population vulnérable, segment certes restreint mais assez rentable.
- Published
- 2021
23. Éducation bancaire : l'émergence d'un espace financiarisé et privatisé d'encadrement des pauvres.
- Author
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Mialet, Benoît and Moulévrier, Pascale
- Subjects
FINANCE education ,SERVICES for poor people ,POOR people ,POVERTY ,GOVERNMENT policy ,FINANCIALIZATION ,BANKING industry ,MICROFINANCE ,FRENCH economy, 1995- - Abstract
Copyright of Revue Tiers Monde is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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24. Size and profitability in co-operative banking: a picture from inside a Portuguese institution.
- Author
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Pina, Licínio Prata and Lagoa, Sérgio
- Subjects
- *
COOPERATIVE banking industry , *BANKING industry , *PROFITABILITY , *CREDIT risk management , *GLOBAL Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 , *ECONOMICS , *MERGERS & acquisitions - Abstract
The European co-operative banks play an important role in promoting savings and in financing small and medium enterprises. Their distinctive characteristics have allowed them to get through the Subprime crisis with remarkable resilience. Nevertheless, co-operative banks operate in a very competitive market, where they are constantly under pressure to improve their position. Increasing the size of local co-operative banks is often the strategy used to deal with this pressure. Based on data from a Portuguese co-operative banking group for 2009-11, we assess the impact of size on assets profitability, and conduct a disaggregated analysis of the ratios affecting it. Results indicate that size has an insignificant effect on profitability after controlling for the time-invariant characteristics of each local bank (i.e. caixa). This suggests that the initial higher profitability identified in small and larger caixas vis-à-vis that of medium-size caixas was explained by their specific time-invariant features. However our evidence suggests that size has an indirect effect on return through credit risk: larger caixas have better credit risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
25. Crises et contestations du pouvoir d’émission monétaire des banques : le cas islandais
- Author
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Malherbe, Leo, STAR, ABES, Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, Edwin Le Héron, Marc-Alexandre Sénégas, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
- Subjects
Banque centrale ,Banks ,Credit ,Crédit ,Money ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Central Bank ,[SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Banques ,Monnaie - Abstract
In developed capitalist economies, banks create money through their financing operations. In the wake of the 1929 crisis as well as in the wake of the 2008 crisis, this monetary power has been questioned. This thesis examines the contestation of the monetary issuing power of banks in the Icelandic context following the 2008 crisis. A report commissioned by Prime Minister proposed to reform the monetary system to make money creation an exclusive competence of the Central Bank. The aim of the first chapter is to capture the historical dynamics that generalised this form of money issuance, in order to understand the nature of the contestations it faces. In a second chapter, we will attempt to periodise the evolution of the Icelandic mode of development since independence, in order to perceive how this type of monetary contestation has developed and what its concrete outcomes have been. The third chapter presents two Stock-Flow Consistent models. The first aims at identifying theoretically the conditions for macroeconomic sustainability of an institutional configuration where banks no longer create money. The second is a model applied to Iceland that provides a faithful reproduction of the stylized facts of the period 2004 – 2016. This second model is also used to carry out macroeconomic forecast for the period 2020 – 2021., Dans les systèmes monétaires des économies capitalistes développées, les banques créent la monnaie au travers de leurs opérations de financement. Dans le sillage de la crise de 1929 tout comme dans celui de la crise de 2008, ce pouvoir monétaire s’est vu remis en cause. Cette thèse étudie la contestation du pouvoir d’émission monétaire des banques dans le contexte islandais à la suite de la crise de 2008. Un rapport commandé par le Premier Ministre suggérait de réformer le système monétaire de manière à faire de la création monétaire une prérogative exclusive de la Banque Centrale. Le premier chapitre a pour objectif de saisir la dynamique historique qui a fait émerger ce mode d’émission monétaire et l’a généralisé, afin de pouvoir ensuite comprendre la nature des contestations dont il fait l’objet. Dans un second chapitre nous nous attacherons à périodiser les évolutions du mode de développement islandais depuis l’indépendance, afin de percevoir comment ce type de contestation monétaire s’y est développé et quels ont été ses débouchés concrets. Le troisième chapitre présente deux modèles Stock-Flux Cohérent. Le premier vise à dégager sur le plan théorique les conditions de viabilité macroéconomique d’une configuration institutionnelle où les banques de second rang ne créent plus de monnaie. Le second est un modèle appliqué à l’Islande reproduisant fidèlement les faits stylisés de la période 2004 – 2016. Ce second modèle est aussi mobilisé pour réaliser des prévisions macroéconomiques pour la période 2020 – 2021.
- Published
- 2021
26. Gouvernance bancaire et risque de crédit: cas des banques tunisiennes.
- Author
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Boussaada, Rim and Labaronne, Daniel
- Abstract
Copyright of Revue du Financier is the property of Societe Cybel and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
27. Influence des caractéristiques des conseils d'administration des banques européennes acheteuses sur leurs performances boursières.
- Author
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Bikourane, Nabil and Avelé, Donatien
- Abstract
Copyright of Revue du Financier is the property of Societe Cybel and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
28. The economic double burden: Spanish workers fight against debt
- Author
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Quentin Ravelli and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Linguistics and Language ,History ,050402 sociology ,dette ,banques ,España ,lcsh:HM401-1281 ,crisis financiera ,lcsh:Labor. Work. Working class ,Language and Linguistics ,banks ,0504 sociology ,trabajadores ,050602 political science & public administration ,crise financière ,debt ,travailleurs ,Conflictos sociales ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,Espagne ,lcsh:HD4801-8943 ,financial crisis ,05 social sciences ,1. No poverty ,Conflits sociaux ,0506 political science ,lcsh:Sociology (General) ,Spain ,Anthropology ,8. Economic growth ,workers ,deuda ,Social conflict ,bancos - Abstract
International audience; Desde la crisis de 2008, las deudas se han vuelto un poderoso factor de movilización en numerosos países, desde Grecia hasta los Estados Unidos, pasando por África del Sur e Islandia. En España, el endeudamiento de las clases populares se manifiesta por olas de desalojos y, luego, de protestas masivas. En el centro de este proceso, se observa una doble carga económica : la de los trabajadores de la construcción sobreendeudados, que la crisis afecta a la vez como productores desempleados y como consumidores de vivienda en falta de pago. Sus deudas sobrepasan los bajos ingresos de los que disponen y el colapso del valor de sus viviendas los coloca en una situación de equidad negativa, de la cual sólo pueden salir movilizándose, con las trabajadoras del sector de limpieza —motor esencial de la lucha, ellas provienen, como ellos, de países antiguamente colonizados por España. Sin embargo, esta movilización no tiene nada de espontáneo, pero supone una capacidad de organización por la colectivización de la ira, que se apoya en una dramaturgia emocional de la deuda.; Since the 2008 crisis, debt has become a powerful engine for mobilization in many countries, from Greece to the United States, from South Africa to Iceland. In Spain, working-class debt has led to foreclosures, evictions, and mass contestation. At the core of this process lies a double economic burden: indebted construction workers are hurt by the crisis both as unemployed producers and as consumers who can no longer pay off their loans. Their debts are higher than their low incomes and the collapse of home prices generates a situation of negative equity, from which they can escape only through collective struggle. Women, often cleaners and often immigrants from Spanish former colonies, are essential protagonists of this struggle. Far from a spontaneous uprising, this mobilization relies on the ability to organize by collectivizing individual anger, via an emotional dramaturgy of debt.; Depuis la crise de 2008, les dettes sont devenues un puissant facteur de mobilisation dans de nombreux pays, de la Grèce aux États-Unis, en passant par l’Afrique du Sud et l’Islande. En Espagne, l’endettement des classes populaires s’est traduit par des vagues d’expulsion, puis decontestation. Au coeur de ce processus, on retrouve une double peine économique : celle des travailleurs de la construction surendettés, que la crise affecte à la fois comme producteurs au chômage et comme consommateurs de logement en défaut de paiement. Leurs dettes dépassent les faibles revenus dont ils disposent et l’effondrement de la valeur de leurs logements les place dans une situation d’équité négative, dont ils ne peuvent sortir qu’en se mobilisant, avec les travailleuses du secteur du nettoyage – moteur essentiel de la lutte, elles viennent, comme eux, de pays anciennement colonisés par l’Espagne. Cette mobilisation n’a cependant rien de spontané mais suppose une capacité d’organisation par rassemblement des colères, qui repose sur une dramaturgie émotionnelle de la dette.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Out of policymaker’s sight: the role of banks’ liquidity preference in credit supply in Brazil
- Author
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Olivia Bullio Mattos and Fernanda Ultremare
- Subjects
politique monétaire ,Supply ,liquidity preference ,media_common.quotation_subject ,banques ,crédit ,Monetary policy ,monetary policy ,Social Sciences ,Monetary economics ,Microbiology ,banks ,Market liquidity ,Interest rate ,Liquidity preference ,Portfolio ,Balance sheet ,GMM ,Yield curve ,Business ,préférence pour la liquidité ,credit ,media_common - Abstract
In modern, sophisticated banking systems, in addition to endogenously creating money, banks have the ability to innovate and stretch constraints on their portfolio to potentially raise profits. They fulfill demand for credit according to their liquidity preference and expectations of profits. On the other hand, the monetary authority influences credit supply by changing the availability of liquid assets compared to other assets through monetary policy instruments. By managing liquidity in the reserves market, central banks modify the price of access to short-term liquidity – the interest rate – and, thereby, cause changes in the yield curve and transform banks’ propensity to expand credit. Even though determining credit supply is a difficult task since it depends on expectations and cannot be calculated in advance, this paper aims to determine a credit supply function for Brazil. Our empirical strategy was to estimate a dynamic panel data model on a large cross-section bank-level dataset from the Brazilian Central Bank using balance sheet information from the fifty largest banks operating in the country from 1999 to 2016. Credit outstanding was matched with time-varying indicators that were prepared using data from banks’ portfolios and then combined with macroeconomic variables. We use a Post-Keynesian framework to analyze the relation between credit supply and the balance sheet composition of banks. Our findings suggest that variations in banks’ liquidity preference which are reflected on their changes in flexibility and leverage indicators have a significant impact on credit supply in Brazil. JEL codes: E51, E52, E47 Dans les systèmes bancaires modernes et sophistiqués, en plus de créer de la monnaie de forme endogène, les banques ont la capacité d’innover et d’étirer les contraintes sur leur portefeuille et d’augmenter le profit potentiel. Ils satisfont la demande de crédit en fonction de leur préférence de liquidité et des attentes de gains futurs. L’autorité monétaire, à son tour, influence l’offre de crédit en modifiant la disponibilité des actifs liquides par rapport à toutes les autres classes d’actifs par le biais de ses instruments de politique monétaire. En gérant la liquidité sur le marché des réserves, la banque centrale peut modifier le prix d’accès à la liquidité à court terme - le taux d’intérêt - et, de ce fait, provoquer des changements dans la courbe de rendement et transformer la propension des banques à accroître le crédit. Cet article vise à déterminer une fonction d’offre de crédit pour le Brésil, bien qu’il s’agisse d’une tâche intrinsèquement difficile, car l’offre de crédit dépend des attentes et n’est pas calculée à l’avance. Notre stratégie empirique consistait à estimer un modèle de données de panel dynamique sur un grand ensemble de données transversales de la Banque centrale du Brésil au bilan des cinquante plus grandes banques opérant dans le pays de 1999 à 2016. Le crédit total a été jumelé à des indicateurs variant dans le temps qui ont été préparés à partir des données du portefeuille des banques, puis combinés avec des variables macroéconomiques. Nous utilisons un cadre Post-Keynésien pour analyser la relation entre l’offre de crédit et la composition du bilan des banques. Nos résultats suggèrent que les changements dans la préférence de liquidité des banques qui se reflètent dans les ajustements qu’ils apportent aux indicateurs de flexibilité et de l’effet de levier ont un impact significatif sur l’offre de crédit au Brésil.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Caracterización del contrato psicológico de empleados de dos generaciones en una organización del sector bancario.
- Author
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Torres Oviedo, Carlos F., Santa Mosquera, Viviana, and Bonilla Arias, Jenny A.
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGICAL contracts (Employment) ,BANKING industry ,INDUSTRIAL relations ,CONTENT analysis ,RECIPROCITY (Psychology) ,SOCIAL psychology ,LABOR policy ,RESPONSIBILITY - Abstract
Copyright of Cuadernos de Administración is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. A COLONIAL BANK UNDER SPANISH AND AMERICAN SOVEREIGNTY: THE BANCO ESPAÑOL DE PUERTO RICO, 1888-1913.
- Author
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Martín-Aceña, Pablo and de Montaud, Inés Roldán
- Subjects
- *
BANKING industry , *COLONIAL banking industry , *BANK loans , *MONETARY policy , *BANKING laws ,PUERTO Rican economic conditions - Abstract
This paper offers the history of the Banco Español de Puerto Rico from its creation in 1888 to its liquidation in 1913. The Banco Español was the sole note-issuing institution of the island until 1898, when Puerto Rico was transferred to the United States. The establishment of the Bank was plagued with difficulties and during its first decade of existence it met with diverse obstacles that hindered its financial development. However, it contributed to diversifying the underdeveloped banking structure of the colony, to bringing down the cost of credit, and to modernizing the island's monetary system. The transfer of sovereignty was traumatic since the Bank lost its issue monopoly and had to adjust to US banking legislation. In 1905, its name was changed to Banco de Puerto Rico and its by-laws were reformed. The last years of the Bank's life were prosperous and it once again made an important contribution to the island's economy. All in all, the history of the institution is a mixture of errors and achievements, a history of setbacks and successes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. CONFLITS ET MARCHANDAGES AUTOUR DU SECRET BANCAIRE EN SUISSE À L'ISSUE DE LA GRANDE GUERRE.
- Author
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GUEX, Sébastien
- Subjects
CONFIDENTIAL communications in banking ,BANKING industry ,FARMERS' associations ,PRESSURE groups ,LABOR movement ,LEGISLATION ,HISTORY of agricultural policy ,AGRICULTURE ,WORLD War I ,HISTORY of Switzerland ,SWISS politics & government, 1848- ,TWENTIETH century - Abstract
Copyright of Annee Sociologique is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. EXECUTAREA SILITĂ A CREANŢELOR BANCARE ÎN LUMINA NOULUI COD DE PROCEDURĂ CIVILĂ (SAU DESPRE EXECUTĂRILE SILITE... DE VOLUM).
- Author
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Şărban, Andrei
- Subjects
CIVIL procedure ,ECONOMIC activity ,BANK loans ,COLLECTING of accounts ,LOANS - Abstract
Copyright of Romanian Journal of Compulsory Execution / Revista Română de Executare Silită is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
34. Efficience des banques commerciales Tunisiennes: etude par l'approche de frontière stochastique.
- Author
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Boutheina, Bannour and Moez, Labidi
- Subjects
BANKING industry ,STOCHASTIC analysis ,PARAMETRIC modeling ,COST effectiveness - Abstract
Copyright of Panoeconomicus is the property of Economists' Association of Vojvodina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. La privatización de las cajas de ahorros y el papel de la comisión de obra social.
- Author
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Moyano, María Jesús Peñas
- Subjects
- *
SAVINGS bank laws , *PRIVATIZATION , *SOCIAL services , *COMMITTEES , *SAVINGS banks , *CAPITAL , *BANKING laws , *FINANCE - Abstract
Royal Decree-Law 11/2010 of 9 July 2010 reformed the legal status of savings banks. It designed a new organizational model that is based largely on giving the savings banks the possibility of opting between conducting all their financial activities through a bank, controlled by them if they hold at least 50% of its capital, or in certain cases of becoming a special type of foundation and transferring their financial business to a bank. However, whichever business model the saving bank adopts it is always intended to continue its social work, which will sometimes be done through a new committee, called the social work committee (comisión de obra social). This committee, which seems destined to play a key role in maintaining the objectives of the savings banks, demonstrates the significance of this fundamental characteristic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
36. BANCOS E CRÉDITO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO RECENTE DA BAHIA.
- Author
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Kraychete, Elsa Sousa
- Abstract
Copyright of Caderno CRH is the property of Universidade Federal da Bahia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. BANKING ON DEVELOPMENT: PRIVATE BANKS AND AID DONORS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.
- Author
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Rodríguez, Javier and Santiso, Javier
- Subjects
PRIVATE banks ,INTERNATIONAL economic assistance ,FINANCIAL aid ,BUSINESS partnerships ,ECONOMIC development ,BANKING industry ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
The article presents the study, which investigates the potential synergies between private banks and aid donors in developing countries. A survey of private bank lending towards developing countries was undertaken to identify the private banks most active in those economies and provide an analytical tool to help identify the scope for public and private partnerships. Researchers found that an international division of labour in bank lending: within the developing world, banks from OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development) countries tend to focus their credit on specific regions and countries.
- Published
- 2007
38. RENTABILITÉ DU SECTEUR BANCAIRE ET DÉFAILLANCES DU FINANCEMENT DU DÉVELOPPEMENT.
- Author
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Hugon, Philippe
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development finance ,FINANCIAL institutions ,GOVERNMENT policy ,FINANCE ,BANKING industry ,ECONOMIC conditions in developing countries ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Copyright of Revue Tiers Monde is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Financial Regulation and the Speed of Financial Risks
- Author
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Connel Fullenkamp, Ralph Chami, Celine Rochon, and Thomas F. Cosimano
- Subjects
History ,Sociology and Political Science ,réglementation financière ,Financial intermediary ,banques ,Financial system ,Volcker rule ,banks ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,sociétés de portefeuille bancaire ,Risk management ,bank holding companies ,business.industry ,Financial risk ,Financial market ,financial risk management ,gestion du risque financier ,lcsh:H ,Financial regulation ,Indirect finance ,règle Volcker ,Financial crisis ,Business ,financial regulation ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,Financial market participants - Abstract
This paper argues that the speed of financial risks, rather than the speed of regulators, is the key cause of financial crises. Our argument contradicts a common claim in the literature that financial crises arise because regulators cannot keep up with fast-paced changes in financial markets. We divide financial risks into two main types—fast-moving and slow-moving risks—and argue that most crises have been caused by slow-moving risks that regulators could have mitigated. The global financial crisis, however, showed that the mixing of fast-moving and slow-moving risks also leads to financial instability. This paper thus provides a novel argument for limiting risk-taking, potentially including the separation of financial institutions by the types of risk they manage. Cet article montre que la vitesse des risques financiers, plutôt que la vitesse des régulateurs, est la cause principale des crises financières. Notre argument contredit l’affirmation couramment avancée dans la littérature selon laquelle les crises financières surviennent car les régulateurs ne peuvent suivre le rythme rapide des changements dans les marchés financiers. Nous séparons les risques financiers en deux catégories — risques lents et risques rapides — et affirmons que la majorité des crises sont causées par des risques lents que les régulateurs auraient pu atténuer. La crise financière mondiale a néanmoins montré que la combinaison de risques rapides et lents conduit également à l’instabilité financière. Cet article offre un argument nouveau pour limiter la prise de risques, incluant la séparation des institutions financières suivant le type de risques qu’elles gèrent.
- Published
- 2017
40. Blockchain et secteur bancaire. La blockchain est-elle une opportunité ou une menace pour l'industrie bancaire ?
- Author
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Bakary, Naomi, Grenoble Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (UGA INP IAE), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Banque Rhône Alpes, 29 rue Antoine Condorcet, 38090 Villefontaine, and Philippe Madiès
- Subjects
Technology ,Disruptive ,Disintermediation ,Technologie ,Banques ,Fintech ,Désintermédiation ,Blockchain ,Banks ,[SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,Confiance ,Innovation ,Finance ,Bitcoin ,Disruptif - Abstract
Nowadays, we talk about the blockchain as both the fourth industrial revolution and the logical evolution from the information revolution started in the 1970’s. In a nutshell, blockchain is a technology which enables the transfer, sharing or storag of data in a quick way and without the need for a central control organ. These features give it a competitive advantage by removing the need of trust in a third-party that would normally handle the data This transparent and shared database can be used in a range of applications in many lines of business. It is in the financial sector that this technology first developed, as a result of the 2008 subprime crisis which lead to a trust crisis toward the banking and financial system. This technology took advantage of this opportunity to find a place among our financial institutions, particularly with the emergence of Fintech which started to boom in 2015. Some of them have a collaborative strategy and others are more in a competitive mind. Faced by this potential threat, banks all over the world have to adapt themselves and take strategic decisions to counter or even benefit from the appearance of this technologic revolution, and of the Fintech revolution.; Nous parlons aujourd’hui de la blockchain comme de la quatrième révolution industrielle ou l’évolution logique de la révolution de l’information démarrée dans les année 1970. De manière simple, on définit la blockchain comme une technologie qui permet de transférer et stocker des données ou des actifs de façon sécurisée, instantanée et sans organe central de contrôle. Ce sont ces avantages qui séduisent un grand nombre d’individus, aujourd’hui, en supprimant le besoin de confiance envers un tiers. Cette base de données transparente et partagée permet de nombreuses applications dans divers secteurs d’activité. C’est en effet dans le secteur financier que cette dernière s’est développée suite à la crise des subprimes en 2008, qui a entraîné une crise totale de la confiance envers le système bancaire et le marché financier. Cette technologie a su profiter de cette opportunité pour se faire une place auprès de nos institutions financières traditionnelles avec notamment l’émergence de nouveaux acteurs que sont les Fintech et dont le boom se déclare en 2015. Certaines se voient collaboratives et d’autres concurrentielles. Face à cette potentielle menace, les banques du monde entier doivent s’adapter et prendre des décisions stratégiques leurs permettant de contrer ou de profiter de l’apparition de cette révolution technologique, et la révolution d’usage des Fintech.
- Published
- 2020
41. Risk taking at the corporate level : the search for sustainable growth
- Author
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Johnsen, Gudrun, Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paris sciences et lettres, and Gilles Saint-Paul
- Subjects
Financial crisis history ,Banks ,Incentive schemes ,Business group lending ,Gender risk aversion ,Systèmes d'incitation ,Prêts aux entreprises ,Le risque de crédit ,Historique de la crise financière ,L’Aversion au risque de sexe ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Credit risk ,Banques - Abstract
This dissertation explores credit risk at the corporate level, with respect to corporate ownership structures, gender of the corporate owner and how bank executives were incentivized to allocate credit in the run up to the Great Financial Crisis. It compares credit risk associated with funding of business groups versus stand alone firms. It tests whether leverage, firm profitability and probability of default at the firm level can be attributed to the gender of the firm leadership. Lastly, it provides a detailed account of how bank executives in the Icelandic banks were incentivized to allocate credit during a rapid credit growth episode leading up to the failure of the banks.; Cette thèse explore le risque de crédit au niveau de l'entreprise, en ce qui concerne les structures de propriété de l'entreprise, le sexe de son propriétaire et la manière dont les dirigeants de banque ont été incités à allouer du crédit dans la perspective de la grande crise financière. Il compare le risque de crédit associé au financement de groupes d’entreprises par rapport à des entreprises indépendantes. Il vérifie si l’effet de levier, la rentabilité des entreprises et la probabilité de défaillance au niveau de l’entreprise peuvent être attribués au sexe du dirigeant de l’entreprise. Enfin, il décrit en détail comment les dirigeants des banques islandaises ont été incités à allouer des crédits au cours d’un épisode de croissance rapide du crédit menant à la faillite des banques.
- Published
- 2019
42. An analysis of banking regulation through the market in the post-crisis era : market discipline strikes back
- Author
-
Le Quang, Gaëtan, EconomiX, Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nanterre - Paris X, Laurence Scialom, and Camille Cornand
- Subjects
Banks ,Discipline de marché ,Market discipline ,Financial regulation ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Banques ,Réglementation financière - Abstract
The great financial crisis can be interpreted as the failure of market discipline: banks were indeed massively bailed out to prevent the financial system from collapsing. After the crisis, banking regulation has thus evolved to tackle the new issues raised by the crisis. Market discipline is nonetheless still given a great importance in the new framework. In this thesis, we study how market discipline has been reactivated after the crisis. We specifically focus on the question of information disclosure (which lies at the core of both accounting rules and of the third pillar of Basel 3) and on that of the promotion of market discipline though the implementation of regulatory requirements in subordinated instruments as coco bonds. To do so, the first chapter of this thesis is dedicated to an analysis of the relationships between information disclosure, transparency and financial stability. Doing so, we show that those relationships are ambiguous so that information transparency cannot be thought as a sufficient condition for market discipline to work efficiently. The second chapter of this thesis inquires what could be the consequences of the implementation of the accounting rules that have been developed after the financial crisis on the behavior of banks. Finally, in the third chapter of this thesis we show that the current will to enforce market discipline through complex financial instruments (such as coco bonds) appears as a dangerous oversight of history. Those bonds are indeed associated with a great systemic risk and could thus act as a transmission channel of a crisis, precisely as securitized products did during the last crisis.; La crise de 2007-2008 peut être interprétée comme l’échec de la discipline de marché. Les renflouements externes et les politiques monétaires non conventionnelles sont le signe d’un tel échec. Après la crise, la réglementation bancaire a donc été modifiée en profondeur. Toutefois, une large place est toujours accordée à la discipline de marché. L’objet de cette thèse est d’étudier de quelle façon la discipline de marché a été réactivée dans la période récente. L’accent mis sur la transparence de l’information financière et la question du renflouement interne constituent les deux principales voies de la réactivation de la discipline de marché. La première partie de cette thèse est ainsi consacrée à une analyse de la relation entre divulgation de l’information financière, transparence et stabilité financière. Nous montrons, en particulier, que les relations entre ces trois termes sont ambigües, de sorte qu’il n’est pas possible de promouvoir la discipline de marché seulement au travers d’exigences en matière de divulgation de l’information. Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à l’impact sur le comportement des banques de la façon avec laquelle l’information financière est produite, c’est-à-dire à l’impact des normes comptables. La troisième partie de cette thèse étudie de quelle manière la discipline de marché pourrait, ou non, être efficacement mise en place via des exigences réglementaires en termes d’obligations contingentes convertibles (cocos). Nous montrons que la volonté de réactiver la discipline de marché au travers d’instruments financiers complexes comme les cocos constitue un dangereux oubli de l’histoire tant c’est la complexité de la finance qui a été à l’origine de la crise de la fin des années 2000.
- Published
- 2019
43. Une analyse de la régulation bancaire par le marché après la crise : la discipline de marché contre-attaque
- Author
-
Le Quang, Gaëtan, EconomiX, Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nanterre - Paris X, Laurence Scialom, and Camille Cornand
- Subjects
Banks ,Discipline de marché ,Market discipline ,Financial regulation ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Banques ,Réglementation financière - Abstract
The great financial crisis can be interpreted as the failure of market discipline: banks were indeed massively bailed out to prevent the financial system from collapsing. After the crisis, banking regulation has thus evolved to tackle the new issues raised by the crisis. Market discipline is nonetheless still given a great importance in the new framework. In this thesis, we study how market discipline has been reactivated after the crisis. We specifically focus on the question of information disclosure (which lies at the core of both accounting rules and of the third pillar of Basel 3) and on that of the promotion of market discipline though the implementation of regulatory requirements in subordinated instruments as coco bonds. To do so, the first chapter of this thesis is dedicated to an analysis of the relationships between information disclosure, transparency and financial stability. Doing so, we show that those relationships are ambiguous so that information transparency cannot be thought as a sufficient condition for market discipline to work efficiently. The second chapter of this thesis inquires what could be the consequences of the implementation of the accounting rules that have been developed after the financial crisis on the behavior of banks. Finally, in the third chapter of this thesis we show that the current will to enforce market discipline through complex financial instruments (such as coco bonds) appears as a dangerous oversight of history. Those bonds are indeed associated with a great systemic risk and could thus act as a transmission channel of a crisis, precisely as securitized products did during the last crisis.; La crise de 2007-2008 peut être interprétée comme l’échec de la discipline de marché. Les renflouements externes et les politiques monétaires non conventionnelles sont le signe d’un tel échec. Après la crise, la réglementation bancaire a donc été modifiée en profondeur. Toutefois, une large place est toujours accordée à la discipline de marché. L’objet de cette thèse est d’étudier de quelle façon la discipline de marché a été réactivée dans la période récente. L’accent mis sur la transparence de l’information financière et la question du renflouement interne constituent les deux principales voies de la réactivation de la discipline de marché. La première partie de cette thèse est ainsi consacrée à une analyse de la relation entre divulgation de l’information financière, transparence et stabilité financière. Nous montrons, en particulier, que les relations entre ces trois termes sont ambigües, de sorte qu’il n’est pas possible de promouvoir la discipline de marché seulement au travers d’exigences en matière de divulgation de l’information. Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à l’impact sur le comportement des banques de la façon avec laquelle l’information financière est produite, c’est-à-dire à l’impact des normes comptables. La troisième partie de cette thèse étudie de quelle manière la discipline de marché pourrait, ou non, être efficacement mise en place via des exigences réglementaires en termes d’obligations contingentes convertibles (cocos). Nous montrons que la volonté de réactiver la discipline de marché au travers d’instruments financiers complexes comme les cocos constitue un dangereux oubli de l’histoire tant c’est la complexité de la finance qui a été à l’origine de la crise de la fin des années 2000.
- Published
- 2019
44. Incitations non-réglementaires et comportement des banques : le marché boursier, les taxes et le capital social
- Author
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Martin Flores, José Maria, ESCP-EAP (ESCP-EAP), Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Paris, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, Christophe Moussu, and STAR, ABES
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Stock-market ,Short-termism ,Capital social ,Marché boursier ,Court-termisme ,Incitations ,Bank capital ,Misconduct ,Banques ,Capital bancaire ,Régime fiscal ,Banks ,Social capital ,Faute ,Incentives ,[SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,[SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,Tax system - Abstract
In the first chapter of this thesis, we study how stock-market forces determine the persistence of bank performance across crises. In this analysis, we observe that the persistence of business models that make banks more vulnerable across crises is not a specificity of publicly held banks but also applies to privately held institutions. However, for privately held banks, there is a group of banks that perform well across crises. This result suggests that stock-market listing may have adverse effects on the ability of banks to withstand crises well. To deepen this analysis, we look at banks that make a private-to-public transition between crises. Our results indicate that, after becoming publicly held, banks more subject to short-termist market pressures increase risk which makes top performer banks in one crisis more vulnerable to ubsequent shocks. In the second chapter, we study the effect of tax incentives on bank capital. We exploit a tax change that reduces significantly the unequal tax treatment between equity and debt with respect to interests and cost of equity deductibility and show that banks increase their equity ratios following this tax change. When this tax incentive is removed we observe a reduction of bank capital ratios. In the third chapter, we focus on bank misconduct. We document that social capital (defined as strength of civic norms and density of social networks where a bank is headquartered) is negatively related to the probability that a bank is involved in misconduct Moreover, we show that once misconduct is revealed, banks tend to lose greater percentages of deposits market-share in areas higher social capital areas., Dans le premier chapitre de cette thèse, nous étudions l’impact du marché boursier sur la résistance des banques en temps de crise. Comme pour les banques cotées, nous observons que les banques privées qui sont vulnérables dans une crise financière tendent à le rester dans la crise suivante. Toutefois, pour les banques privées, il existe également un groupe de banques résilientes à des chocs successifs. L’examen des banques devenant cotées révèle que les banques davantage exposées à des investisseurs de court terme tendent à accroître leurs risques. Les banques résilientes aux chocs quand elles étaient privées, deviennent alors plus vulnérables aux crises lorsqu’elles sont soumises à certaines pressions à court terme du marché. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous examinons l’impact d’un changement fiscal visant à réduire le traitement fiscal déséquilibré entre capitaux propres et dettes en ce qui concerne la déductibilité de leurs coûts respectifs. Nous observons que la mise en place d’un tel changement fiscal induit une augmentation de fonds propres des banques. La suppression de cette mesure induit chez les banques un comportement inverse de réduction du capital. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous étudions comment le niveau de capital social (mesuré par l’adhésion aux normes civiques et la densité des réseaux sociaux) peut influer le comportement des banques. Nous mettons en évidence le fait que le capital social réduit la probabilité qu'une banque commette une fraude. Nous montrons également qu’une fois que la faute est révélée, les banques perdent davantage des parts de marché dans les zones géographiques caractérisées par des niveaux de capital social plus élevés.
- Published
- 2019
45. Efecto del trading en la rentabilidad y la solvencia de los bancos colombianos
- Author
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Carrillo Castro, Ramiro and Gómez Mejía, Alina
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Bancos ,Diversificación ,Banks ,Solvabilité ,Diversification ,hhi ,Solvencia ,Profitability ,Rentabilité ,Rentabilidad ,Solvency ,Banques - Abstract
The banking models adopted by colombian banking, based on concepts applied in economies of developed countries, have enabled credit institutions to offer their clients new and more sophisticated services due to the multi-banking scheme. However, some authors have suggested that it is possible that the increasing participation of banks in trading operations, due to their income diversification strategy, may be detrimental to financial intermediation activities and is exposing them to risks in both profitability and solvency. Through the panel data methodology, this research seeks to study the effect of income diversification on colombian commercial banks’ profitability and financial solvency, between 2005 and 2014. The results show that the diversification of income through trading has no effect on the solvency and profitability of banks. Resumen Los modelos bancarios adoptados por la banca colombiana, basados en los conceptos aplicados en economías de países desarrollados, han permitido que los establecimientos de crédito ofrezcan a sus clientes servicios nuevos y más sofisticados gracias al esquema multibanca. Sin embargo, algunos autores han sugerido que es posible que la creciente participación de los bancos en las operaciones de trading, debido a su estrategia de diversificación de los ingresos, pueda ir en detrimento de la actividad de intermediación y los esté exponiendo a riesgos tanto en la rentabilidad como en la solvencia. Esta investigación busca a través de la metodología de datos panel estudiar el efecto que tiene la diversificación de los ingresos de los bancos comerciales colombianos sobre la rentabilidad y la solvencia financiera, entre 2005 y 2014. Los resultados muestran que la diversificación de los ingresos a través del trading no tiene efectos sobre la solvencia y la rentabilidad de los bancos. Résumé Les modèles bancaires adoptés par les banques colombiennes, basés sur des concepts appliqués dans les économies des pays développés, ont permis aux établissements de crédit d’offrir à leurs clients des services nouveaux et plus sophistiqués grâce au système multi banques. Toutefois, certains auteurs ont suggéré qu’il est possible que l’implication croissante des banques dans les opérations boursières, en raison de leur stratégie de diversification des revenus, puisse être négative à l’activité d’intermédiation et les exposer à des risques à la fois de rentabilité et de solvabilité. Cette recherche vise, par le biais d’une méthodologie de données de panel, à étudier l’effet que la diversification des revenus des banques commerciales colombiennes a sur la rentabilité et la solvabilité financière, entre 2005 et 2014. Les résultats montrent que la diversification des revenus par les opérations boursières n’a aucun effet sur la solvabilité et la rentabilité des banques.
- Published
- 2019
46. Reestruturação do sistema financeiro e seu impacto na concessão do crédito bancário ás pequenas e médias empresas em Moçambique (2000-2017)
- Author
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Alfazema, José António and Filippi, Eduardo Ernesto
- Subjects
Financial system ,Crédit ,Sistema financeiro ,Moçambique ,Credit ,Banks ,Système financier ,Small and medium enterprises ,Pequenas e médias empresas ,Crédito bancário ,Banques ,Petites et moyennes entreprises - Abstract
Le système financier et son impact sur l'octroi de crédits bancaires aux petites et moyennes entreprises à la suite de la restructuration et de la modernisation, dans le cadre de l'adhésion du Mozambique au FMI et à la Banque mondiale, par le biais de l'investissement direct à l'étranger, l'une des principales mesures responsables du stade de croissance actuel. et ou le développement économique, a contribué à rendre le système financier mozambicain plus robuste, étant donné que le système financier est l'un des piliers du développement économique des sociétés. Par conséquent, l'objectif de cette recherche est d'analyser la restructuration du système financier et son impact sur l'octroi de crédits bancaires aux petites et moyennes entreprises au Mozambique. Tout au long des travaux, un débat conceptuel a eu lieu, une revue de la littérature visant à comprendre les difficultés des PME à accéder au financement bancaire. Pour la réalisation du travail, les méthodes hypothétiques-déductives et historiques-comparées ont été utilisées, aidées des techniques documentaires et de la révision bibliographique. La recherche se caractérise par être une étude qualitative, de nature exploratoire. Les hypothèses précédemment formulées ont été validées, car l'approche littéraire consultée et la discussion conceptuelle mettent en évidence le but selon lequel le système financier et son impact sur l'octroi de crédits bancaires aux petites et moyennes entreprises ont plusieurs implications pour l'expansion et le développement, illustrées dans cinq chapitres. faire le travail. Au Mozambique, la solvabilité des PME est assez faible, car les résultats font ressortir un manque de comptabilité organisée, des garanties insuffisantes, un faible pouvoir de négociation, de faibles compétences en matière de gestion des affaires et des faiblesses dans la structuration des plans d’entreprise. financement bancaire. La principale difficulté pour demander un crédit à une entreprise est l’existence de frais et de commissions peu attrayants et concurrentiels. O sistema financeiro e seu impacto na concessão do crédito bancário ás Pequenas e Médias Empresas, resultado da reestruturação e modernização, no quadro de adesão de Moçambique ao FMI e BM, através do Investimento Estrangeiro Direto como uma das principais medidas responsáveis pelo estágio atual de crescimento e ou desenvolvimento econômico, contribuiu para tornar o sistema financeiro moçambicano mais robusto, tendo em conta que o sistema financeiro é um dos pilares do desenvolvimento econômico das sociedades. Portanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a reestruturação do sistema financeiro e seu impacto na concessão do crédito bancário às Pequenas e Médias Empresas em Moçambique. Ao longo do trabalho fez-se o debate conceptual, a revisão da literatura com o objetivo de perceber as dificuldades das PMEs no acesso ao financiamento bancário. Para a concretização do trabalho, foram usados os métodos hipotético-dedutivo e historico-Comparativo, auxiliados com as técnicas documental e revisão bibliográfica. A pesquisa caracteriza-se por ser um estudo qualitativo, de natureza exploratória. As Hipótese previamente formuladas foram validadas, pois a abordagem literária consultada, a discussão conceptual evidenciam o propósito que o sistema financeiro e seu impacto na concessão do crédito bancário ás Pequenas e Médias Empresas, teve várias implicações na expansão e desenvolvimento, ilustrados em cinco capítulos que compõem o trabalho. Em Moçambique, a capacidade creditícia das PMEs é bastante fraca, pois os resultados apontam para a falta de contabilidade organizada, insuficiência de garantias, reduzido poder negocial, fraca capacidade de gestão empresarial, e debilidades na estruturação de planos de negócio constituem desafios para PME's acederem ao financiamento bancário. A principal dificuldade na solicitação de crédito por parte das empresas é a existência de taxas e comissões pouco atrativas e competitivas. The financial system and its impact on the granting of bank credit to Small and Medium Enterprises, as a result of the restructuring and modernization, within the framework of Mozambique's accession to the IMF and WB, through Foreign Direct Investment as one of the main measures responsible for the current stage of growth. and or economic development, has contributed to making the Mozambican financial system more robust, given that the financial system is one of the pillars of the economic development of societies. Therefore, the objective of this research is to analyze the restructuring of the financial system and its impact on the granting of bank credit to Small and Medium Enterprises in Mozambique. Throughout the work there was a conceptual debate, a literature review aimed at understanding the difficulties of SMEs in accessing bank financing. For the accomplishment of the work, the hypothetical-deductive and historical-comparative methods were used, aided with the documentary techniques and bibliographical revision. The research is characterized by being a qualitative study, of exploratory nature. The hypotheses previously formulated were validated, because the literary approach consulted, the conceptual discussion highlight the purpose that the financial system and its impact on the granting of bank credit to Small and Medium Enterprises, had several implications for expansion and development, illustrated in five chapters that make up the work. In Mozambique, the creditworthiness of SMEs is quite weak, as the results point to a lack of organized accounting, insufficient guarantees, low bargaining power, weak business management skills, and weaknesses in structuring business plans. bank financing. The main difficulty in applying for credit from companies is the existence of unattractive and competitive fees and commissions.
- Published
- 2019
47. O novo cangaço no Maranhão
- Author
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Ronaldo Barros Sodré
- Subjects
lcsh:G ,segurança ,banques ,lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,sécurité ,security ,bancos ,nouveau cangaço ,banks ,new cangaço ,novo cangaço - Abstract
No cinema os roubos a bancos têm sido romantizados, a ponto de muitas vezes criar paradoxos na postura dos telespectadores, que se envolvem nos enredos e passam a torcer e apoiar as motivações e ações dos criminosos. No Brasil, não distante da ficção, essa modalidade de crime tem assumido dimensões cinematográficas e espalhado terror e transtornos em pequenas e médias cidades. Muito além dos prejuízos financeiros, esses eventos são marcados pelo uso de diversas formas de violência e pelos tra...
- Published
- 2018
48. Managing financial risks : protecting the organisation
- Author
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Graaf, Anne van der, Max Planck Sciences Po Center on Coping with Instability in Market Societies (MaxPo), Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Sciences Po (Sciences Po), Institut d'études politiques de paris - Sciences Po, and Pierre François
- Subjects
Insurance ,Risques des marchés financiers ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,Banks ,Assurance ,Organisations ,Financial market risks ,Banques - Abstract
Risks taken in the financial sector have been in the public eye since the financial crisis of 2008. This thesis explores the internal workings of the large organisations that take financial market risks, banks and insurance companies. It follows their risk managers, analysing their work and output. The thesis is based on an ethnography with 84 semi-structured interviews and two participant observations in risk management. EU regulation and literature on financial risk state that risk managers control risk taking of their organisations. This thesis shows that is not the case. The risk managers do not have the resources to make the control stick. They focus on another aspect, namely on keeping the organisation alive. The risk managers prevent negative consequences from happening to their organisation by handling the communications to resourceful outsiders. Regulators, shareholders and counterparties all have the power to bring down a financial organisation. The risk managers manage communications about the state of the organisation to these outsiders. With the help of their risk assessments, they want to avoid the negative effects an outsider could bring. Accounting rules and mathematical standards restrict the malleability of the risks, depending on enforcement of powerfull outsiders. The risk managers juggle the different limits to show an organisation in good health.; Cette thèse porte sur la gestion des risques associés aux marchés financiers au sein des grandes organisations financières européennes. A partir d’un travail ethnographique approfondi et d’entretiens, elle vise à améliorer la compréhension de la gestion des risques de marchés financiers dans les banques et les compagnies d'assurance de la zone euro. Cette recherche montre que les gestionnaires de risque construisent leur connaissance et leur évaluation des risques avec un but premier : celui de satisfaire les exigences de d’acteurs extérieurs à l’organisation davantage que de couvrir les risques générés par les activités de celle-ci. Plusieurs acteurs ont en effet la possibilité de mettre en danger la santé de l’organisation, par exemple les régulateurs ou les actionnaires et les contreparties. Les gestionnaires de risque se préoccupent surtout de l’évaluation par le régulateur. Dans la limite de ce que leur permettent les possibilités de calcul et la comptabilité, ils essayent de répondre au mieux aux pressions de ces acteurs. Par une communication qui reflète ce qu’ils anticipent des souhaits des acteurs externes, les gestionnaires de risque essayent d’éviter des sanctions de la part de ces derniers.
- Published
- 2018
49. Three essays on the economics of privacy and financial information
- Author
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Balgobin, Yann, Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3, une unité mixte de recherche CNRS (UMR 9217)), École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Télécom ParisTech, David Bounie, and Patrick Waelbroeck
- Subjects
Economie numérique ,Commerce en ligne ,Personal data ,Banks ,E-commerce ,Payment ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Paiement ,Banques ,Digital economy ,Données personnelles - Abstract
This thesis investigates the economic consequences of consumers’ control over the level of personal information they are willing to share with firms. This subject is vital for the digital economy as many firms collect and use information about consumers to increase their revenues. Firms may face greater difficulty to generate profit from personal data. Firstly, because consumers are increasingly concerned about their privacy. Secondly, because more and more privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) become available. We find in the thesis that the use of PETs could positively influence consumers’ willingness to share personal information, enabling a data collection that takes privacy concerns into account. We make similar conclusions in the case of financial information. Developing the use of non-bank payment instruments (and thus allowing consumers to hide some information to banks) could benefit e-commerce, leading consumers to buy more online. Finally, in a context where consumers are concerned with their privacy, banks may benefit from making screening less intrusive, as it would improve their lending strategy.; Cette thèse étudie les conséquences économiques du contrôle par les consommateurs de la quantité de de données personnelles qu’ils sont prêts à partager avec des firmes. Ce sujet est d’une importance vitale pour l’économie numérique dans la mesure où de nombreuses firmes collectent et utilisent des informations sur les consommateurs afin d’augmenter leurs profits. Ces entreprises pourraient toutefois avoir de grandissantes difficultés à générer des profits à partir des données personnelles. Premièrement, de plus en plus de consommateurs sont inquiets au sujet du respect de leur vie privée en ligne. Deuxièmement, un nombre croissant d’outils permet de contrôler la collecte de données personnelles. Nous montrons dans la thèse que l’usage de tels outils ont un effet positif sur la disposition des consommateurs à partager leurs informations personnelles, permettant ainsi une collecte de données plus respectueuse de la vie privée. Ces conclusions s’appliquent également au sujet des données financières. Encourager l’usage de moyens de paiement non-bancaires (et ainsi permettre aux consommateurs de cacher des informations aux banques) pourrait être bénéfique au commerce en ligne, en conduisant les consommateurs à faire plus d’achats. Enfin, dans un contexte où les consommateurs sont inquiets quant au respect de leur vie privée, les banques pourraient bénéficier du fait de rendre leurs pratiques de screening moins intrusives, dans la mesure où cela rendrait plus efficaces leurs politiques de crédit.
- Published
- 2018
50. Des loan sharks aux banques : croisades, construction et segmentation d'un marché du crédit aux États-Unis, 1900-1945
- Author
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Simon Bittmann, Centre de sociologie des organisations (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CSO), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'études politiques de paris - Sciences Po, Claire Lemercier, Marion Fourcade, STAR, ABES, Centre de sociologie des organisations (CSO), Sciences Po - Institut d'études politiques de Paris, and Claire Lemercier ,Marion Fourcade
- Subjects
050402 sociology ,Race ,Credit ,Crédit ,[SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,Mouvements sociaux ,banques ,droit ,Social Sciences ,Microbiology ,genre ,Banks ,0504 sociology ,Political science ,0502 economics and business ,salariat ,Working-classes ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,05 social sciences ,Wages ,1. No poverty ,Marché ,Gender ,mouvements sociaux ,classes populaires ,marché ,Morality ,Market ,Loan ,Social movements ,8. Economic growth ,morale ,Law ,Humanities ,Markets ,050203 business & management - Abstract
The segmentation of the American credit market, between a primary banking market and a secondary “fringe” market, characterized by high-rate services offered by agencies ranging from payday lenders to subprime mortgage dealers, is often mentioned, particularly as it would mirror that of the labor market, and yet very few studies are dedicated to understanding its origins. This thesis offers such a perspective through the history small unsecured loans to wage-earners from 1900 until 1945. First, we study the emergence of credit systems at the beginning of the XXth century which enabled lower-class workers to borrow using future wages or small property as collateral. Through two case studies focusing on the South and the Midwest, we set forth a new, intersectional approach to the credit relationship and analyze the forms of embeddedness of these exchanges; judiciary, racial and in the labor process. Second, we analyze the moral and political construction of a legitimate “business”, through the study of the “crusades” and controversies targeting “loan sharks”, a certain class of creditors associated with usurious practices operating on the margin of industrial capitalism. This work in economic sociology contributes to the study of market moralization processes, bringing in insights from the sociology of public action, social movements and law in order to understand how the resolution of a public problem as well as the frames on which political and legal actions dwell can impact the market structure. Our theoretical framework bridges the gap between the sociological study of economic transactions and practices and the political-cultural approach of markets as politics., Si de nombreux travaux soulignent l’existence d’une segmentation de l’offre de crédit aux États-Unis, entre un marché primaire bancaire et un marché secondaire peuplé d’agences allant des payday lenders aux agences de crédit immobilier subprime, peu de recherches s’intéressent à sa mise en place ou à ses origines historiques. Cette thèse propose une telle analyse à partir de l’histoire du crédit non affecté entre 1900 et 1945 : elle étudie tout d’abord le déploiement de systèmes de crédit au début du XXe siècle, permettant aux classes populaires d’emprunter sur la base de leur salaire ou sur la propriété de biens. À partir de deux études de cas sur le Sud et le Midwest, nous proposons une nouvelle conceptualisation de la relation de crédit en soulignant les différentes formes d’encastrement de ce système d’échange ; judiciaire, racial et dans le procès de travail. La thèse analyse ensuite la construction d’une offre légitime de prêt à travers l’étude des « croisades » et des controverses autour des « loan sharks », ces créanciers perçus comme des usuriers parasitaires qui gravitent aux marges du capitalisme industriel. Ce travail de sociologie économique propose un élargissement des études sur les processus de moralisation marchande en mobilisant des outils de l’action publique, des mouvements sociaux et du droit, dans l’optique de comprendre comment la résolution d’un problème public ainsi que les cadres normatifs dans lesquels puise l’action politique peuvent affecter la structure du marché. Ce cadre théorique contribue ainsi à faire le lien entre l’analyse des transactions et des relations marchandes et celle de la construction politique et culturelle du marché.
- Published
- 2018
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