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Tightly focused femtosecond infrared optical pulses are employed to invert spontaneous polarization in the bulk of single–domain ferroelectric calcium barium niobate crystal. Such created localized ferroelectric domains could be arranged in 1D, 2D, and 3D patterns. The fabricated domain structures are subsequently used to demonstrate nonlinear diffraction via transverse second harmonic generation. This work constitutes the first realization of optically induced spatially localized ferroelectric domains in the bulk of a single domain ferroelectric medium and has a potential for applications in nonlinear light processing, frequency conversion, and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In article number 2100088, Leszek M. Mazur and co-workers fabricate two- and three-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystals in the bulk of a single-domain ferroelectric calcium barium niobate (CBN) crystal by employing femtosecond infrared optical pulses to invert spontaneous polarization in CBN. This work constitutes the first realization of optically induced spatially localized ferroelectric domains in the bulk of a single-domain crystal and has the potential for applications in nonlinear light processing and frequency conversion. [Extracted from the article]