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1. Potential Climate Change Mitigation Opportunities in Waste Management Sector in Vietnam

Author

RCEE Energy and Environment JSC and Full Advantage Co., Ltd.

Subjects
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES, SOLID WASTES, WASTE, CARBON FINANCE, THERMAL ENERGY, HEALTHCARE WASTE, BIOGAS DIGESTERS, BIOMASS ENERGY, URBAN HOUSEHOLDS, CROP RESIDUES, WASTE GENERATION, MUNICIPAL WASTE, AGROCHEMICALS, EMISSIONS, RENEWABLE ENERGY, INDUSTRIAL SOURCES, WATER POLLUTION, URBAN SEWER, SEWAGE, LATRINES, ORGANIC MATTER, FERTILIZERS, EMISSION REDUCTION POTENTIAL, FOSSIL FUELS, PLASTIC, HEAT PRODUCTION, METALS, DESLUDGING, WATER CONTAMINATION, ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS, LAKES, WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT, BOILERS, WASTEWATER TREATMENTS, COMBUSTION, ORGANIC CARBON, GARBAGE, METHANE EMISSIONS, SURFACE WATER, SLUDGE TREATMENT, EMISSION FACTORS, MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE, FUEL CONSUMPTION, FUEL OIL, OZONE, METHANE PRODUCTION, GHGS, INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTE, GAS PRODUCTION, EFFLUENTS, HUMAN WASTE, SANITATION SYSTEMS, DNA, EMISSION REDUCTIONS, ANIMAL WASTE, FOSSIL FUEL, CROP PRODUCTION, RESIDUES, GREENHOUSE, BIODEGRADABLE WASTE, LITTER, ORGANIC WASTE, BIOGAS DIGESTER, FLUIDIZED BED, NITROUS OXIDE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE, ANAEROBIC DIGESTION, LANDFILL GAS, ANAEROBIC LAGOONS, BIOMASS, ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION, CARBON, WASTE COLLECTION, METHANE, PESTICIDES, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, CENTRALIZED COMPOSTING, BIOGAS PRODUCTION, RUNOFF, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTION, EMISSION FACTOR, NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS, LANDFILL COVERS, AIR, N2O, FURNACES, CALORIFIC VALUE, PIT LATRINES, CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS, INDUSTRIAL HAZARDOUS WASTES, CO, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION, INDUSTRIAL WASTE, ANIMAL WASTES, CO2, INCINERATION, DUMP SITES, KILNS, MOISTURE CONTENT, BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND, WASTEWATER, FUELS, BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT, GLASS, COD, COGENERATION, MARINE ENVIRONMENT, PAPER PRODUCTS, HEALTHCARE WASTES, OILS, POLYETHYLENE, BASELINE EMISSIONS, WATER SUPPLY, MSW, GARDENS, SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, PONDS, CLIMATE, METHANE RECOVERY, LININGS, LANDFILL DISPOSAL, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, GHG, MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER, URBAN SANITATION, MINING, SANITARY LANDFILLS, RIVERS, WOOD PRODUCTS, CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION, SEPTIC TANKS, RIVER BASINS, RUBBER INDUSTRY, AIR EMISSIONS, EMISSION RATE, BOD, GASES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS, OXYGEN, CHEMICALS, PLASTICS, WASTE WATER, GAS ENGINES, SANITARY LANDFILL, ACTIVATED SLUDGE, ANIMAL MANURE, LEACHATE, AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES, COMPOST, LANDFILLS, CONSTRUCTION, EMISSIONS REDUCTION, DIESEL, OZONE PROTECTION, DECOMPOSITION OF WASTE, DISPOSAL SERVICES, TIRES, WASTE TREATMENT, NH3, SOLID WASTE GENERATION, STRAW, BIOGAS, GENERATION RATE, GREENHOUSE GAS, DEWATERING, POWER PLANTS, INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER, RURAL SANITATION, ORGANIC WASTES, LANDFILL, INDUSTRIAL ZONES, CALCULATION, POLLUTION, SANITATION, INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES, GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS, DOMESTIC WASTEWATER, AEROBIC PROCESS, ANIMALS, DISPOSAL FACILITIES, SANITATION TECHNOLOGY, ATMOSPHERE, COMPOSTING, WASTE MANAGEMENT, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, INDUSTRIAL AREAS, TRANSFER POINTS, ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, INCINERATORS, ENERGY PRODUCTION, LANDFILL METHANE, ELECTRICITY, SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL, WASTE COMPOSITION, DISPOSAL SITES, GAS PROJECT, WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, ANAEROBIC TREATMENT, CARBON DIOXIDE, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY, LANDFILL SITE, ORGANIC SOLID WASTES, DUMPSITE, LAND APPLICATION, IPCC, CROP CULTIVATION, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, LARGE SCALE COMPOSTING, EMISSION REDUCTION, MUNICIPAL SOLID, MARKET WASTE, HAZARDOUS WASTE, GREENHOUSE GASES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM, SEWER SYSTEMS, TEXTILE INDUSTRY, COMPOSTING TOILETS, ASH, HEAT, INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT, POWER GENERATION, AGRICULTURAL WASTES, INDUSTRIAL WASTES, ORGANIC DECOMPOSITION, COMPOSTING PROJECTS, COMPOSTING FACILITIES, CH4, DISPOSAL PRACTICES, MANURE, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, GASIFICATION, SLUDGE DISPOSAL, NATURAL RESOURCES, WASTE DISPOSAL, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL, EMISSION, WASTEWATER USE
Abstract

Along with economic growth and improved living standards, waste from households, industries, and commercial or service establishments is expected to increase rapidly over the next years. Managing this waste is a hard challenge for the Government of Vietnam because of its substantial cost and lack of awareness and participation of people and businesses. Wastes can be classified according to: their form (wastewater, solid waste); their origin (industrial wastes, agricultural wastes, urban (municipal) wastes); and their hazardous nature (non-hazardous or hazardous).

Published
2009

2. MRV framework and prospective scenarios to monitor and ratchet up Brazilian transport mitigation targets.

Author

Goes, George Vasconcelos, Gonçalves, Daniel Neves Schmitz, de Almeida D'Agosto, Márcio, La Rovere, Emilio Lèbre, and de Mello Bandeira, Renata Albergaria

Subjects
ENERGY consumption, GOVERNMENT policy, BASELINE emissions, RATCHETS, CLIMATE change, CLIMATE change mitigation
Abstract

Transitioning from a carbon-intensive development path to a low-carbon economy requires understanding of emission sources and its drivers. To achieve Nationally Determined Contribution targets discussed under the Paris Agreement, countries must project emission baselines considering different levels of ambition and sectoral performances and monitor government policies and mitigation actions. This study develops a Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) framework based on energy use and carbon emission scenarios for Brazil up to 2030, focusing on transport. Three scenarios are developed based on different political commitments. All scenarios and mitigation actions are discussed under the Brazilian Forum on Climate Change, which is recognized as one of the most important institutional instruments of the National Policy on Climate Change. Results reveal a 41% abatement in CO2e emissions when comparing the most ambitious scenario to the conservative one. MRV framework indicates that Brazil is on track to a low carbon economic transition, although joint action is needed. This is mainly due to the increasing penetration of bioenergy into the transport energy matrix, while electromobility does not expand in Brazil at the pace of major international players such as Europe and China. Special contribution of this paper is on the role of bioenergy in prospective carbon emission scenarios, which is a lack in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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