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Abstract: Drug seeking, craving, and relapse can be triggered by environmental stimuli that acquire motivational salience through repeated associations with the drug''s effects. Previous studies indicated that the dopamine D3 receptor (Drd3) might be involved in the expression of drug-conditioned responses in rats, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) could modulate Drd3 expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). However, the involvement of neural regions with Drd3 activation and the underlying interaction between BDNF and Drd3 in the expression of behavioral responses controlled by a drug-associated environment have remained poorly understood. The present study used a conditioning procedure to assess the roles of BDNF, Drd3, and their interactions in the NAc in the expression of morphine-induced context-specific locomotor sensitization. We showed that the expression of locomotor sensitization in the morphine-paired environment was accompanied by significantly increased expression of Drd3 mRNA and BDNF mRNA and protein levels. Both sensitized locomotion in morphine-paired rats and enhanced Drd3 mRNA were suppressed by intra-NAc infusion of anti-tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) IgG. Furthermore, intra-NAc infusion of the Drd3-selective antagonist SB-277011A significantly decreased the expression of context-specific locomotor sensitization and upregulated BDNF mRNA. Altogether, these results suggest that BDNF/TrkB signaling and activation of Drd3 in the NAc are required for the expression of morphine-induced context-specific locomotor sensitization. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]