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To estimate groundwater activation around the Fermilab Switchyard, Meson Target Train and M03 Meson beam dumps at 120 GeV, express MARS14 [1] simulations have been performed. A proton beam RMS spot size is {sigma}{sub x}={sigma}{sub y}=1 cm in the first two cases, while {sigma}{sub x}={sigma}{sub y}=2 cm for M03. Calculated are star density distributions (above 50 MeV) normalized per one incident proton. The configurations proposed by Chuck Brown have been implemented into the MARS code.

Operational and accidental beam losses in hadron colliders can have a serious impact on machine and detector performance, resulting in effects ranging from minor to catastrophic. Principles and realization are described for a reliable beam collimation system required to sustain favorable background conditions in the collider detectors, provide quench stability of superconducting magnets, minimize irradiation of accelerator equipment, maintain operational reliability over the life of the machine, and reduce the impact of radiation on personnel and the environment. Based on detailed Monte‐Carlo simulations, such a system has been designed and incorporated in the Tevatron collider. Its performance, comparison to measurements and possible ways to further improve the collimation efficiency are described in detail. Specifics of the collimation systems designed for the SSC, LHC, VLHC, and HERA colliders are discussed.