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2. Exposure of Developing Male Rats to One or Multiple Noise Sessions and Different Housing Conditions: Hippocampal Thioredoxin Changes and Behavioral Alterations.

Author

Molina, Sonia Jazmín, Buján, Gustavo Ezequiel, Rodriguez Gonzalez, Monserrat, Capani, Francisco, Gómez-Casati, Maria Eugenia, and Guelman, Laura Ruth

Subjects
THIOREDOXIN, ENVIRONMENTAL exposure, ANIMAL housing, ANIMAL behavior, LABORATORY rats, HIPPOCAMPUS (Brain), NOISE
Abstract

Exposure of developing rats to noise has shown to induce hippocampal-related behavioral alterations that were prevented after a week of housing in an enriched environment. However, neither the effect of repeated exposures nor its impact on key endogenous antioxidants had been studied yet. Thus, the aim of the present work was to reveal novel data about hippocampal oxidative state through the measurement of possible age-related differences in the levels of hippocampal thioredoxins in rats exposed to noise at different developmental ages and subjected to different schemes and housing conditions. In addition, the possibility that oxidative changes could underlie hippocampal-related behavioral changes was also analyzed. Developing male Wistar rats were exposed to noise for 2 h, either once or for 5 days. Upon weaning, some animals were transferred to an enriched cage for 1 week, whereas others were kept in standard cages. One week later, auditory and behavioral assessments, as well as measurement of hippocampal thioredoxin, were performed. Whereas no changes in the auditory function were observed, significant behavioral differences were found, that varied according to the age, scheme of exposure and housing condition. In addition, a significant increase in Trx-1 levels was found in all noise-exposed groups housed in standard cages. Housing animals in an enriched environment for 1 week was effective in preventing most of these changes. These findings suggest that animals become less susceptible to undergo behavioral alterations after repeated exposure to an environmental challenge, probably due to the ability of adaptation to an unfavorable condition. Moreover, it could be hypothesized that damage to younger individuals could be more easily prevented by a housing manipulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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3. An early treatment with 17-β-estradiol is neuroprotective against the long-term effects of neonatal ionizing radiation exposure

Author

Cáceres, Lucila Guadalupe, Urán, Soledad Lucía, Zorrilla Zubilete, María Aurelia, Romero, Juan Ignacio, Capani, Francisco, and Guelman, Laura Ruth

Subjects
Ionizing radiation, Behavior, Medicina Básica, CIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y DE LA SALUD, Neurociencias, purl.org/becyt/ford/3 [https], ROS, purl.org/becyt/ford/3.1 [https], PKC, 17-β-estradiol, Hippocampus
Abstract

Ionizing radiations can induce oxidative stress on target tissues, acting mainly through reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this work was to investigate if 17-β-estradiol (βE) was able to prevent hippocampal-related behavioral and biochemical changes induced by neonatal ionizing radiation exposure and to elucidate a potential neuroprotective mechanism. Male Wistar rats were irradiated with 5 Gy of X-rays between 24 and 48 h after birth. A subset of rats was subcutaneously administered with successive injections of βE or 17-α-estradiol (αE), prior and after irradiation. Rats were subjected to different behavioral tasks to evaluate habituation and associative memory as well as anxiety levels. Hippocampal ROS levels and protein kinase C (PKC) activity were also assessed. Results show that although βE was unable to prevent radiation-induced hippocampal PKC activity changes, most behavioral abnormalities were reversed. Moreover, hippocampal ROS levels in βE-treated irradiated rats approached control values. In addition, αE administered to irradiated animals was effective in preventing radiation-induced alterations. In conclusion, βE was able to counteract behavioral and biochemical changes induced in irradiated animals, probably acting through an antioxidant mechanism. Fil: Cáceres, Lucila Guadalupe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Cátedra de Farmacología; Argentina Fil: Urán, Soledad Lucía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Cátedra de Farmacología; Argentina Fil: Zorrilla Zubilete, María Aurelia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Cátedra de Farmacología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; Argentina Fil: Romero, Juan Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas; Argentina Fil: Capani, Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas; Argentina Fil: Guelman, Laura Ruth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Cátedra de Farmacología; Argentina

Published
2011
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4. Effects of loud noise on hippocampal and cerebellar-related behaviors.: Role of oxidative state

Author

Urán, Soledad Lucía, Cáceres, Lucila Guadalupe, and Guelman, Laura Ruth

Subjects
Behavior, Medicina Básica, CIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y DE LA SALUD, Cerebellum, Neurociencias, Hippocampus, Loud Noise
Abstract

Living organisms are exposed to potentially hazardous noise levels coming from the environment. Besides the direct effect on hearing, extra-auditory noise-associated effects should be considered. Since loud noise has been suggested to induce central nervous system symptoms, the aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of acute (ANE) and chronic noise exposures (CNE) on different behavioral tasks. To understand the mechanisms involved, levels of oxidative status markers were determined in two areas related to memory processes, the hippocampus (Hip) and the cerebellum (CE). 15-day-old male Wistar rats were exposed to loud noise (95-97 dB, 2 h/day), at ANE or CNE. At 30 days, rats were subjected to different CE and Hip-related behavioral tasks. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT and SOD) were also assessed. Results show impairments in spatial and associative memory in noise-exposed animals. Moreover, a decrease in anxiety levels and an increase in habituation memory were observed in CNE animals. While an increase in cerebellar ROS levels was found early after the first noise exposure, a decrease was found in the CE and the Hip at 30 days. The activity of hippocampal CAT was increased early and remained high in ANE rats, while it was unchanged in the CE. Finally, although SOD activity was decreased immediately after the first noise exposure, its levels were increased at 30 days in ANE rats. In summary, the present study shows that an imbalance in oxidative status induced by noise exposure could underlie behavioral changes, some of which would be long-lasting. Fil: Urán, Soledad Lucía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; Argentina Fil: Cáceres, Lucila Guadalupe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; Argentina Fil: Guelman, Laura Ruth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; Argentina

Published
2010

5. Hippocampal-related memory deficits and histological damage induced by neonatal ionizing radiation exposure. Role of oxidative status.

Author

Caceres, Lucila Guadalupe, Aon Bertolino, Laura, Saraceno, Gustavo Ezequiel, Zorrilla Zubilete, María Aurelia, Uran, Soledad Lucía, Capani, Francisco, and Guelman, Laura Ruth

Subjects
*HIPPOCAMPUS (Brain), *MEMORY disorders, *IONIZING radiation, *PROTEIN kinase C, *CATALASE
Abstract

Abstract: Ionizing radiations induce oxidative stress on target tissues, mainly through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, there are few data available on the behavioral effects of moderate doses of ionizing radiation. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the performance of adult rats irradiated at birth in different hippocampal-dependent behavioral tasks and to establish a relationship with the oxidative status and histological changes in rat hippocampus (Hip). Male Wistar rats were irradiated with 5 Gy of X rays between 24 and 48 h after birth. Thirty days later, rats were subjected to open field, object recognition and inhibitory avoidance tasks. In addition, oxidative status markers as well as protein kinase C (PKC) activity and histological changes were assessed in control and irradiated Hip. Results show an impairment in recognition and habituation memories in 30-day-old animals exposed to neonatal ionizing radiation, both at short- (ST) and at long-term (LT), whereas an improvement in associative memory was observed at ST. In addition, histological alterations were observed in irradiated Hip. Although an increase in ROS levels and PKC activity were found in irradiated Hip, no changes in the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were observed. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that an increased PKC activity, induced by neonatal ionizing radiation on rat Hip, could play a role in the generation of an imbalance between ROS levels and antioxidant systems and might underlie radiation-induced hippocampal histological damage as well as the Hip-dependent behavioral changes found in irradiated rats. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2010
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