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As a result of findings of a previous study, this study, which sought to program preschool subjects to wait one minute for reinforcement, used pause-building procedures before delay conditions were started. The children, 3- to 5-year-olds, were designated either Baseline (control) subjects (n=3) or Programmed (experimental) subjects (n=5). Though procedures varied in detail for each subject, the general plan followed was for the Baseline subjects to be put right into 60 second delay periods (after initial pause-building training) and for the Programmed subjects to receive a program of training steps in addition to the pause-building training before facing the 60 second delay of reinforcement. These training steps involved multiple schedules of continuous reinforcement and progressive differential reinforcement, discriminative stimuli that were gradually faded out, and increasing delay of reinforcement. The pause-building training, apparently a prerequisite for successful entry into the training program, was effective, and so was the programmed training for the experimental group, but only up to the point where discriminative stimuli for not responding were faded out. (MH)

A multiple baseline design for modifying the gross motor coordination of a 31-month-old boy suspected of suffering from congenital brain damage was conducted at the University of Kansas Infant Study Laboratory. The primary purpose of the study was to establish, by experimental procedures, the desired, but absent, behavior of walking, getting up, and climbing stairs, at the expense of the existing behavior of scooting, pulling up with support, and not climbing stairs. It was hypothesized that, incidental to establishing the three desired behaviors, the behavior of standing without support would replace the subject's need to stand with support. The training sessions for each of he three desired behaviors were based on the gradual modification of undesirable into desirable behavior through selective reinforcement. The three desired behaviors were initially of zero incidence but were ultimately established as part of the child's response repertoire, although not to the complete displacement of the undesirable behaviors. (WD)