1. Intra-amniotic LPS and antenatal betamethasone: inflammation and maturation in preterm lamb lungs.
- Author
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Kuypers E, Collins JJ, Kramer BW, Ofman G, Nitsos I, Pillow JJ, Polglase GR, Kemp MW, Newnham JP, Gavilanes AW, Nowacki R, Ikegami M, Jobe AH, and Kallapur SG
- Subjects
- Amnion, Animals, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid cytology, Chorioamnionitis etiology, Chorioamnionitis immunology, Cytokines genetics, Cytokines metabolism, Female, Fetal Organ Maturity drug effects, Fetal Organ Maturity immunology, Gene Expression, Inflammation drug therapy, Inflammation immunology, Lipopolysaccharides pharmacology, Lung drug effects, Lung enzymology, Lung immunology, Male, Medroxyprogesterone Acetate therapeutic use, Peroxidase metabolism, Phosphatidylcholines metabolism, Pregnancy, Premature Birth immunology, Premature Birth prevention & control, Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein C genetics, Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein C metabolism, Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D genetics, Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D metabolism, Random Allocation, Sheep, Toll-Like Receptors genetics, Toll-Like Receptors metabolism, Betamethasone therapeutic use, Chorioamnionitis drug therapy, Fetal Development drug effects, Glucocorticoids therapeutic use, Lung embryology
- Abstract
The proinflammatory stimulus of chorioamnionitis is commonly associated with preterm delivery. Women at risk of preterm delivery receive antenatal glucocorticoids to functionally mature the fetal lung. However, the effects of the combined exposures of chorioamnionitis and antenatal glucocorticoids on the fetus are poorly understood. Time-mated ewes with singleton fetuses received an intra-amniotic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) either preceding or following maternal intramuscular betamethasone 7 or 14 days before delivery, and the fetuses were delivered at 120 days gestational age (GA) (term = 150 days GA). Gestation matched controls received intra-amniotic and maternal intramuscular saline. Compared with saline controls, intra-amniotic LPS increased inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage and myeloperoxidase, Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 mRNA, PU.1, CD3, and Foxp3-positive cells in the fetal lung. LPS-induced lung maturation measured as increased airway surfactant and improved lung gas volumes. Intra-amniotic LPS-induced inflammation persisted until 14 days after exposure. Betamethasone treatment alone induced modest lung maturation but, when administered before intra-amniotic LPS, suppressed lung inflammation. Interestingly, betamethasone treatment after LPS did not counteract inflammation but enhanced lung maturation. We conclude that the order of exposures of intra-amniotic LPS or maternal betamethasone had large effects on fetal lung inflammation and maturation.
- Published
- 2012
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