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Objective: To investigate the ability of resin infiltration to protect demineralized enamel against acidic challenge. Materials and methods: Forty‐five extracted healthy premolars were selected for the study, each of which was sectioned vertically into 2 halves, giving 90 specimens. Specimens were then divided into three groups, where specimens of group A were not decalcified (control), while those of groups B and C were either subjected to decalcification only, or decalcification followed by Icon resin infiltration, respectively. Each group was further divided into three subgroups, according to the type of storage medium (water, Coca‐Cola, or Redbull). Evaluation parameters included color difference and surface roughness. Scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate enamel surface topography. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA followed by least significant difference test. Results: Although Coca‐Cola caused the highest color change and surface roughness among the studied specimens, yet, the resin‐infiltrated enamel was more resistant to surface changes than the nonresin infiltrated enamel, even under acid attack. Conclusion: Resin infiltration has the ability to provide and maintain protection to the demineralized enamel against acidic attack. Clinical significance: Resin infiltration may be considered as a promising solution to restore esthetic of demineralized enamel following orthodontic treatment and to protect it against acidic beverages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To estimate the in vivo effect of nano-hydroxyapatite (HA) modification of banding glass-ionomer cement on microleakage under orthodontic bands. Materials and Methods: Eighty noncarious premolars scheduled for extraction in 20 orthodontic patients were randomly divided into four groups. Grouping was based on the ratio of nano-HA (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% by weight) added to the luting glass-ionomer cement (GIC) Ketac-Cem, which was used for cementation of prefabricated micro-etched orthodontic bands. Dye penetration method was used for microleakage evaluation at the cement-band and cement-enamel interfaces. Statistical evaluation was performed with a Kruskal-Wallis test and a Mann-Whitney U-test, and a Bonferroni-adjusted significance level was calculated. Results: Bands cemented with conventional GIC showed the highest microleakage scores in comparison to those cemented with nano-HA-modified GIC. No significant difference was found between teeth banded with 10% and 15% modified GIC. Conclusions: Modification of the banding GIC with 15% nano-HA revealed a positive effect on reducing microleakage around orthodontic bands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]