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Objective: To analyze the relation of depressive symptoms to personality traits and exercise behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Totally 718 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in this study. They were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-8(PHQ-8) and Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory Brief version (CBF-PI-B) . Logistic model was established to analyze the associations between depressive symptoms and different personality traits among patients with type 2 diabetes, and further estimated the moderating effect of exercise behavior. Results: Totally 161 patients had depressive symptoms ( 22. 4%). Neuroticism and agreeableness (OR = 1. 08, 1. 08) were associated with having depressive symptoms. People who had exercise, being male, with longer duration of diagnosis were more likely to have no depressive symptoms ( OR = 0. M, 0. 47, 0. 62), whereas people who had taken medication/insulin were more likely to have depressive symptoms ( OR = 2. 23). Exercise could reduce the association between neuroticism and depression ( OR = 0. 95), but had no effect on the relationship between agreeableness and depression ( P > 0. 05). Conclusion: Neuroticism and agreeableness are associated with depression in patients with type 2 diabetes. Exercise has a significant moderating effect on the association between neuroticism trait and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]