111 results
Search Results
2. SO2-ethanol–water (SEW) and Kraft pulp and paper properties of Eldar pine (Pinus eldarica): a comparison study.
- Author
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Firouzabadi, Mohammadreza Dehghani and Tatari, Aliasghar
- Abstract
In recent years, attention to novel papermaking processes has increased significantly. The SEW fractionation process is one of the novel processes for producing a wide range of high value-added products such as pulp, paper, lignosulfonates, and biofuels in a biorefinery system. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of producing pulp and paper from Eldar pine (Pinus eldarica) using SEW fractionation and comparing it with the Kraft process followed by elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleaching. The results showed that the tensile, burst, and tear indexes are lower for SEW handsheets than for Kraft handsheets. The brightness before bleaching of SEW handsheets is higher than that of Kraft handsheets. The apparent density is higher for the SEW handsheets than the Kraft. Since there are some limitations in the use of SEW pulps such as high apparent density and lower strength properties than the Kraft pulps, however, these factors do not create industrial constraints for the use of these pulps. Low energy consumption of SEW pulps in the beating and high brightness before bleaching are among the obvious advantages of the SEW process. Therefore, it seems that in cellulose conversion industries, such as the production of nanocellulose, the use of SEW pulps has many advantages in terms of energy consumption, and the high brightness before bleaching eliminates long bleaching sequences in pulp mills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Waste paper sludge as a potential biomass for bio-ethanol production
- Author
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Prasetyo, Joni and Park, Enoch Y.
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- 2013
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4. Implementation of a cellulase recycling system to the hydrolysis of recycled paper sludge
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Gomes, Daniel Gonçalves, Domingues, Lucília, Gama, F. M., and Universidade do Minho
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cellulase recycling ,2G-bioethanol ,bioremediation ,bio-refinery ,recycled paper sludge - Abstract
Although 2G-biofuels have been implemented in some countries for some decades now, its economic viability remains an important drawback, hampering it to compete with fossil fuels. Great attention has been given to the discovery of new lignocellulosic substrates and strategies to reduce the amount of enzyme required for this process, both representing critical factors on the process economics. Recycled paper sludge (RPS) is an cellulosic residue obtained from paper recycling process, being mostly incinerated or disposed in landfills. In spite of being comprised by a considerable carbohydrates content, very few studies have exploited this potential. Similarly, although several works have studied the profiles of enzyme adsorption/desorption on lignocellulosic substrates, strategies of cellulase recycling have poorly been implemented so far. Here, we describe the implementation of a cellulase recycling system for the particular case of RPS hydrolysis. Following preliminary results suggesting RPS suitability to be hydrolysed and later fermented, the distribution of enzymes at the end of hydrolysis was initially investigated. For a moderate enzyme loading, 20 FPU/gcellulose, and 5 % solids, 80 % of final Cel7A activity was found in the liquid fraction, and thus can be easily recovered and reutilized in a new round. Solid-bound enzymes, which still correspond to 20 %, were efficiently recovered to an extent around 85 % applying a simple alkaline wash, enabling its equal reutilization for a new hydrolysis. Following these results, 4 consecutive rounds of hydrolysis were conducted with this substrate recovering both cellulase fractions at the end of each round. Additionally, a portion of fresh enzyme, corresponding to 20 % of the original load, was added at each round to compensate activity loss. Ethanol was produced in all rounds although with a decrease over the process, possibly reflecting a reduction on substrate saccharification. Nonetheless, this system enabled a reduction of 60 % on process enzyme corresponding to a significant improvement in the process economics. These results also demonstrate that RPS, a residue that has been widely ignored so far, can be hydrolysed, fermented and is suitable for cellulase recycling, and thus have huge potential to be employed in a bio-refinery context.
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- 2016
5. A gasification-based biorefinery for the pulp and paper industry
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Stefano Consonni, Eric D. Larson, and Ryan E. Katofsky
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Pulp mill ,Engineering ,Wood gas generator ,Waste management ,business.industry ,Combined cycle ,General Chemical Engineering ,bio-refinery ,gasification ,pulp and paper ,gas turbines ,fuel synthesis ,integrated cycle ,General Chemistry ,Biorefinery ,Pulp and paper industry ,law.invention ,Biofuel ,law ,business ,Rectisol ,Black liquor ,Syngas - Abstract
This paper is drawn from a 2-year study of integrated pulpmill biorefineries based on black liquor (the lignin-rich byproduct of fiber extraction from wood) and wood residue gasification at a large kraft mill representative of those in the Southeast United States. The study included detailed mass-energy balance simulations, financial analyses, and energy and environmental benefits estimates for seven pulpmill biorefinery process configurations. All seven configurations include an oxygen-blown, high-temperature black liquor gasifier, syngas cooling, clean-up by a Rectisol (methanol) system, and a catalytic gas-to-liquid process; six of them also include a fluidized-bed, oxygen-blown biomass gasifier and a gas turbine combined cycle fully integrated with the gasification and syngas cooling section. Three biofuels were examined: dimethyl ether (DME), Fischer–Tropsch liquids, and ethanol-rich mixed-alcohols. For the integrated biorefineries analyzed here, the ratio of useful energy outputs (steam, electricity and fuels) to total energy inputs (black liquor, wood residuals and fuel oil) ranges from 66 to 74%; these values compare with about 57% for conventional systems based on Tomlinson boilers and 65% for gasification combined cycles that produce only electricity. Because of the integration of the biorefinery with the pulp and paper mill, the adjusted liquid fuel yield per unit of biomass – a measure of the effectiveness of biomass conversion to liquids – is far higher than for “stand-alone” gasification-based biorefineries or for ethanol production via biochemical conversion (based on enzymatic hydrolysis). Besides better energy performance, the integration between the biorefinery and the pulp mill effectively limits the specific capital investment associated with liquid fuels production to a surprisingly modest $60,000–150,000 per barrel of diesel equivalent per day—specific capital costs comparable to those for much larger coal-to-liquids facilities. Gasification-based pulp mill biorefinery technologies, once fully commercialized, offer the potential for attractive investment returns and, if implemented widely, significant energy and environmental benefits to the United States.
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- 2009
6. Black liquor gasification integrated in pulp and paper mills: A critical review
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Naqvi, M., Yan, J., and Dahlquist, E.
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SULFATE waste liquor , *BIOMASS gasification , *PAPER mills , *PULP mills , *SYNTHESIS gas , *ENERGY consumption , *LITERATURE reviews - Abstract
Abstract: Black liquor gasification (BLG) has potential to replace a Tomlinson recovery boiler as an alternative technology to increase safety, flexibility and energy efficiency of pulp and paper mills. This paper presents an extensive literature review of the research and development of various BLG technologies over recent years based on low and high temperature gasification that include SCA-Billerud process, Manufacturing and Technology Conversion International (MTCI) process, direct alkali regeneration system (DARS), BLG with direct causticization, Chemrec BLG system, and catalytic hydrothermal BLG. A few technologies were tested on pilot scale but most of them were abandoned due to technical inferiority and very fewer are now at commercial stage. The drivers for the commercialization of BLG enabling bio-refinery operations at modern pulp mills, co-producing pulp and value added energy products, are discussed. In addition, the potential areas of research and development in BLG required to solve the critical issues and to fill research knowledge gaps are addressed and highlighted. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2010
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7. An assessment of gasification-based biorefining at kraft pulp and paper mills in the United States. Part B: Results
- Author
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Larson, E. D., Consonni, Stefano, Katofsky, R. E., Iisa, K., and FREDERICK JR, W. J.
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fuel synthesis ,integrated cycle ,gasification ,bio-refinery ,gas turbines ,pulp and paper - Published
- 2009
8. Challenges for the development of an integrated agro-food-energy-biochemical nexus in Thailand
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Sukphisal, Burin and Wongsurawat, Winai
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- 2017
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9. Techno‐economic assessment of heterotrophic microalgae biodiesel production integrated with a sugarcane bio‐refinery
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Telma Teixeira Franco, Luuk A.M. van der Wielen, Renato Sano Coelho, and Maria Cuellar
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Biodiesel ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,bio-refinery ,biodiesel ,Bioengineering ,techno-economic assessment ,Pulp and paper industry ,Refinery ,heterotrophic microalgae ,Crop ,Diesel fuel ,sugarcane ,Biodiesel production ,Greenhouse gas ,Environmental science ,Production (economics) ,Carbon credit - Abstract
The use of diesel fuel in crop and transportation operations is responsible for one third of the carbon emissions in sugarcane biorefineries. A possible solution is to replace it with biodiesel from lipids, directly produced from sugarcane by highly productive heterotrophic microalgae. In this study a heterotrophic microalgae biodiesel plant, integrated with a typical Brazilian sugarcane bio-refinery, was designed and evaluated. Molasses, steam, and electricity from sugarcane processing were used as inputs for microalgae production. For a non-integrated plant, the production cost of the microalgae biodiesel was estimated at 2.51 and 2.27 $/liter for fed-batch and continuous processes, respectively. Equipment for cultivation and carbon sources was the highest cost affecting the financial feasibility of the proposed design. For the integrated plant, at present ethanol and biodiesel selling prices, the profitability would be lower than a first-generation sugarcane bio-refinery using fossil diesel fuel for its operations. However, the CO2 emissions would be reduced by up to 50 000 × 103 kg per year at a cost of $83 10−3 kg−1 CO2-eq. If carbon credits are considered, the process becomes economically profitable even at present fuel prices.
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- 2020
10. Valorization of Seafood Processing Discards: Bioconversion and Bio-Refinery Approaches
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V. Venugopal
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bioconversions ,Bioconversion ,020209 energy ,bio-refinery ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,seafood waste treatment ,Horticulture ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Food processing and manufacture ,03 medical and health sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,TX341-641 ,valorization ,Fish processing ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Global and Planetary Change ,Sustainable seafood ,Ecology ,seafood by-products ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,food and beverages ,TP368-456 ,Pulp and paper industry ,Biorefinery ,Environmentally friendly ,Discards ,Biofuel ,Environmental science ,marine biotechnology ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Food Science - Abstract
The seafood industry generates large volumes of waste. These include processing discards consisting of shell, head, bones intestine, fin, skin, voluminous amounts of wastewater discharged as effluents, and low-value under-utilized fish, which are caught as by-catch of commercial fishing operations. The discards, effluents, and by-catch are rich in nutrients including proteins, amino acids, lipids containing good proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), carotenoids, and minerals. The seafood waste is, therefore, responsible for loss of nutrients and serious environmental hazards. It is important that the waste is subjected to secondary processing and valorization to address the problems. Although chemical processes are available for waste treatment, most of these processes have inherent weaknesses. Biological treatments, however, are environmentally friendly, safe, and cost-effective. Biological treatments are based on bioconversion processes, which help with the recovery of valuable ingredients from by-catch, processing discards, and effluents, without losing their inherent bioactivities. Major bioconversion processes make use of microbial fermentations or actions of exogenously added enzymes on the waste components. Recent developments in algal biotechnology offer novel processes for biotransformation of nutrients as single cell proteins, which can be used as feedstock for the recovery of valuable ingredients and also biofuel. Bioconversion options in conjunction with a bio-refinery approach have potential for eco-friendly and economical management of seafood waste that can support sustainable seafood production.
- Published
- 2021
11. Fuzzy expert system for troubleshooting of the deodorizer unit in a palm oil refining plant.
- Author
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Salleh, Intan Suhairi, Ali, Nur Syuhada, Hourfar, Farzad, Yusof, Khairiyah Mohd, Sulaiman, Nurul Sulaiha, Jamaluddin, Hishamuddin, Zahedi, Gholamreza, Almansoori, Ali, and Elkamel, Ali
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FUZZY expert systems ,PETROLEUM refining ,PROBLEM solving ,EXPERT systems ,VEGETABLE oils ,FUZZY neural networks ,PETROLEUM refineries - Abstract
In this paper, a troubleshooting technique is developed to provide a sequence of necessary actions during deodorizer unit failure in a palm oil refinery. This paper introduces a fuzzy expert system that incorporates the knowledge of experienced plant workers in dealing with the complex problems of the palm oil deodorizer. The presented methodology uses both qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data are collected from several interview sessions with the technical staff in a palm oil refinery. Quantitative data are gathered from various sources, such as control and monitoring systems. The qualitative data are analyzed to discover the possible pattern of faults in the deodorizer failure. This tool can diagnose possible faults and provide a sequence of necessary actions when deodorizer failure occurs. The obtained results show the developed deodorizer troubleshooting tool is useful to guide plant workers/operators in diagnosing the possible faults and abnormalities during the troubleshooting process, as well as to provide field training for inexperienced staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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12. The additive free microwave hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for fermentation to high value products
- Author
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Fabio Santomauro, Tanakorn Chantasuban, Vitaliy L. Budarin, Fraeya Whiffin, Christopher J. Chuck, Roderick J. Scott, Daniel A. Henk, Jiajun Fan, James H. Clark, Deborah Gore-Lloyd, and Felix Abeln
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0106 biological sciences ,Strategy and Management ,Lignocellulosic biomass ,Biomass ,010501 environmental sciences ,Raw material ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Hydrolysate ,Environmental Science(all) ,Bioenergy ,010608 biotechnology ,Bioreactor ,SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,2. Zero hunger ,Integrated technology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Biorefinery ,Pulp and paper industry ,Bio-refinery ,Biofuel ,Fermentation ,Microwave hydrolysis - Abstract
Current biorefineries are predominantly based around single feedstock sources, extensively hydrolysed using multiple unit operations. The hydrolysate is generally converted to a single product by one of a few well-characterised organisms. Here, we report on a new approach to the biorefinery, combining a rapid, microwave heated, one-step depolymerisation process, with a yeast, Metschnikowia pulcherrima which is able to metabolise an array of oligo- and monosaccharides. During the investigation it was found that the microwave hydrolysis process was able to solubilize upto 50% wheat straw biomass by weight, mainly as oligosaccharides though also containing mixtures of pentose, hexose and anhydro-sugars with concentrations of up to 2 g L-1. However, a fine balance between elevated monosaccharide yields and the production of inhibitive compounds had to be struck with optimal microwave hydrolytic conditions found to be 190 °C. Further testing utilizing several different types of lignocellulosic biomass demonstrated it was possible to attain ~65% carbon efficiency in the conversion of Laminaria saccharina to hydrolysis products. The system was scaled to 600 mL using DDGS successfully solubilizing 66% of the feedstock, producing 33 g L-1 hydrolysate. M. pulcherrima grew well on this hydrolysate in a controlled stirred tank bioreactor (2L), yielding 8.38 g L-1 yeast biomass, a yeast biomass coefficient of 0.25. This presents an exciting, feedstock agnostic, pathway to the energy efficient production of a wide variety of commercially valuable chemical products without the need for extensive pre and post processing technologies.This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 665992
- Published
- 2018
13. A New Step Forward Nonseasonal 5G Biorefineries : Microwave-Assisted, Synergistic, Co-Depolymerization of Wheat Straw (2G Biomass) and Laminaria saccharina (3G Biomass)
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Avtar S. Matharu, James H. Clark, Javier Remón, Samantha H. Danby, Innovate UK, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (España), Remón, Javier [0000-0003-3315-5933], Clark, James H. [0000-0002-5860-2480], Matharu, Avtar S. [0000-0002-9488-565X], Remón, Javier, Clark, James H., and Matharu, Avtar S.
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Value-added chemicals ,animal structures ,Synergetic co-valorisation ,General Chemical Engineering ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,Microwave assisted ,Autocatalysis ,Environmental Chemistry ,Sugar ,Laminaria ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Depolymerization ,food and beverages ,General Chemistry ,Straw ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Bio-refinery ,Microwave heating ,Saccharina ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
4 figures, 6 tables.-- Supporting information is available on editor's web page.-- This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c03390, This investigation explores the microwave-assisted, synergistic co-depolymerization of wheat straw (2G biomass) and Laminaria saccharina (3G biomass) as a novel strategy for the production of sugar-rich aqueous carriers. The effects of the feedstock (each material alone and all the possible binary mixtures) were carefully analyzed over a wide range of reaction temperatures and times. The optimization of the process revealed that 19 wt % of wheat straw and 46 wt % of L. saccharina could individually be converted into an aqueous, high-purity (85–95 C-wt %), sugar-rich solution at 190 °C using reaction times of 18 and 35 min, respectively. The reactivity of wheat straw can be synergistically increased by co-feeding this material a relative amount of seaweed varying between 36 and 57 wt % with respect to the total biomass content at 215 °C for 40 min. This allowed the transformation of 30 wt % of the feedstock mixture into a sugar-rich (90 C-wt %) aqueous solution. The higher reactivity of seaweed than that of wheat straw, as well as the synergistic effects that the former exerted on the depolymerization of the latter, was accounted for by the formation of “a pool of active catalytic species”. The mechanism involved an “in situ” metal-biomass, microwave-promoted catalysis with marginal mass transfer limitations followed by metal leaching, leading to a greater spread of the reactions occurring in the liquid phase. This resulted in the formation of new “in situ catalytic species”, i.e., carboxylic acids, which acted as homogeneous catalysts and ended up being transformed to gases so that they did not affect sugar purity. Therefore, this novel co-valorization strategy might represent a step-change for the development of novel “nonseasonal, nonfeedstock-dependent” 5G biorefineries and can help to render the entire biorefinery for 2G and 3G biomasses more logistically efficient and economically competitive., The Industrial Biotechnology Catalyst (Innovate UK, BBSRC, EPSRC) and Biotechnology processes (EP/N013522/1) have founded this investigation. EPSRC for research grant number EP/K014773/1. Besides, J.R. is very grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities for the Juan de la Cierva fellowship (FJCI-2016-30847) awarded.
- Published
- 2020
14. Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Glucose Production from Maize Starch and Woody Biomass Residues as a Feedstock
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Jorge Blanco, Jose Iglesias, Juan A. Melero, Gabriel Morales, and J. Moreno
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020209 energy ,woody biomass residues ,bio-refinery ,Biomass ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Raw material ,lcsh:Technology ,01 natural sciences ,Maize starch ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Enzymatic hydrolysis ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,General Materials Science ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Instrumentation ,Life-cycle assessment ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,lcsh:T ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,LCA ,General Engineering ,Biorefinery ,Pulp and paper industry ,sustainability ,Starch production ,lcsh:QC1-999 ,Computer Science Applications ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,Environmental science ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,lcsh:Physics ,glucose production - Abstract
The sustainability of glucose production from two different feedstocks, maize starch (MS) and woody biomass residues (WBR), was evaluated by means of life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The aim of this work was to compare the environmental performance of conventional technology (glucose from MS by enzymatic hydrolysis) with a novel alternative (glucose from WBR by a three-step process: pretreatment -crushing, deacetylation, and diluted-acid treatment, conditioning -acid-alkali-acid treatment, and enzymatic hydrolysis), which is specifically oriented towards the circular economy context. Life cycle inventory was completed by simulation of the different processes, followed by integration of the mass and energy inputs and outputs in an LCA software (GaBi 7.3). LCA results evidenced benefits in all the evaluated environmental impacts when using WBR as a glucose source alternative. Environmental damages associated with the starch production process, which involves more than 60% of the impacts calculated for glucose production from maize starch, has been detected as the key step in which focusing the improvement efforts for this process. On the other hand, pretreating of the biomass residues was the most contributing stage in the WBR process, principally due to the large heat and electricity requirements associated with this stage. Finally, we concluded that the WBR process proposed here might be considered as a valuable alternative in sustainability terms for the production of glucose within the biorefinery concept. Likewise, we have identified the critical points that should be considered to further improve this technology.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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15. Furfural production from xylose and birch hydrolysate liquor in a biphasic system and techno-economic analysis
- Author
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Jordi Llorca, Rahul Prasad Bangalore Ashok, Gerardo Gomez Millan, Pekka Oinas, Herbert Sixta, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat Erasmus Mundus en Vies Economicoambientals per a Serveis d'Energia Sostenible, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. NEMEN - Nanoenginyeria de materials aplicats a l'energia, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
- Subjects
Pulp mill ,Energies [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,020209 energy ,Batch reactor ,02 engineering and technology ,Raw material ,Xylose ,Furfural ,01 natural sciences ,Hydrolysate ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Techno-economic analysis ,Birch hydrolysate liquor ,010405 organic chemistry ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,2-sec-Butylphenol ,Aqueous two-phase system ,Techno economic ,Pulp and paper industry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Bio-refinery ,chemistry ,Sec-Butylphenol - Abstract
Furfural has been highlighted as one of the top ten most rewarding bio-based building blocks by the US Department of Energy. In this study, furfural was produced from xylose and birch hydrolysate liquor employing a batch reactor in a biphasic system. The formation of furfural was conducted under auto-catalyzed conditions. 2-sec-Butylphenol was used as extractant to promptly extract furfural from the aqueous phase in order to minimize furfural degradation reactions. The effect of time, temperature, and organic-to-aqueous phase ratio were investigated. The maximum furfural yields from xylose and birch hydrolysate liquor as feedstock under auto-catalyzed conditions when employing 2-sec-butylphenol (SBP) were 59 mol% and 54 mol%, respectively. In the monophasic system when using hydrolysate, 46% furfural was yielded. Based on a techno-economic analysis carried out for furfural, the total investment cost for a plant integrated with an existing pulp mill or bio-refinery is estimated as 14 M€. The minimum selling price of furfural found to be 1.62 € kg−1. With a furfural selling price of 1.93 € kg−1, the payback period is approximately 5 years and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 20.7% is achieved at the end of the project lifetime.
- Published
- 2020
16. Technologies for the bioconversion of methane into more valuable products
- Author
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Pedro A. García-Encina, Yadira Rodríguez, Juan C. López, Sara Cantera, Raquel Lebrero, and Raúl Muñoz
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0301 basic medicine ,Bioconversion ,030106 microbiology ,Biomedical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,Bioplastic ,Methane ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bioreactors ,Polysaccharides ,Bioproducts ,Life Science ,Amino Acids, Diamino ,Biorefinery ,Pulp and paper industry ,Environmentally friendly ,Metano ,Biorrefinería ,Bio-refinery ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Biofuel ,Biofuels ,Greenhouse gas ,Environmental science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Producción Científica, Methane, with a global warming potential twenty five times higher than that of CO2 is the second most important greenhouse gas emitted nowadays. Its bioconversion into microbial molecules with a high retail value in the industry offers a potential cost-efficient and environmentally friendly solution for mitigating anthropogenic diluted CH4-laden streams. Methane bio-refinery for the production of different compounds such as ectoine, feed proteins, biofuels, bioplastics and polysaccharides, apart from new bioproducts characteristic of methanotrophic bacteria, has been recently tested in discontinuous and continuous bioreactors with promising results. This review constitutes a critical discussion about the state-of-the-art of the potential and research niches of biotechnologies applied in a CH4 biorefinery approach., 2019-12-12, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Proyect CTM2015-70442-R), Junta de Castilla y León (UIC71)
- Published
- 2018
17. EVALUATION OF DISTILLATION CURVES FOR BIO-OIL OBTAINED FROM THERMAL CRACKING OF WASTE COOKING OIL
- Author
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R.F. Beims, Edésio Luiz Simionatto, L. Ender, T. Stedile, Dilamara Riva Scharf, V.R. Wiggers, and Henry França Meier
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Materials science ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Bio-oil ,02 engineering and technology ,law.invention ,020401 chemical engineering ,law ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,lcsh:Chemical engineering ,0204 chemical engineering ,Distillation ,Physical properties ,business.industry ,Oil refinery ,Co-processing ,lcsh:TP155-156 ,Pulp and paper industry ,Oil ,Cracking ,Boiling point ,Bio-refinery ,Petroleum industry ,Biofuel ,Biofuels ,business ,Pyrolysis - Abstract
Bio-oil obtained from thermal cracking of waste cooking oil (WCO) is a complex mixture of different chemical compounds and, like crude oil, it is composed mainly of hydrocarbons. The large number of compounds in bio-oil leads to complex and expensive methods for its properties determination. In this study, the distillation curves were constructed for samples of bio-oils obtained from the thermal cracking of WCO in order to predict the properties (such as molecular weight, viscosity and refractive index). Although it is not often employed for bio-oil analyses, the distillation curve method is commonly used in the petroleum industry. Atmospheric and vacuum distillations were performed according to ASTM D86 and ASTM D1160 standards, respectively, for six samples of bio-oil and one sample of crude oil. The results were converted to true boiling point (ASTM D2892) according to the API method (1997) and common petroleum refining correlations were employed. The estimated values for the properties showed little deviation in relation to the experimental data. The bio-oil and crude oil samples contained heavy compounds in their composition, and all samples studied are considered as heavy oils considering the °API range.
- Published
- 2019
18. Biological Purification System: Integrated Biogas from Small Anaerobic Digestion and Natural Microalgae
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Roy Hendroko Setyobudi, Yogo Adhi Nugroho, Andi Sasmito, Satriyo Krido Wahono, Tony Liwang, Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani, Anggi Nindita, and Salafudin
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Clarias gariepinus ,Biological purification ,biology ,Chemistry(all) ,Chemistry ,bio-refinery ,microalgae ,bio-methane ,General Medicine ,Pulp and paper industry ,Photosynthesis ,biology.organism_classification ,Husk ,Anaerobic digestion ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Pilot plant ,Biogas ,CO2 levels ,Chlorophyll ,Carbon dioxide ,Chemical Engineering(all) - Abstract
Photosynthetic pigments, including chlorophyll, have an important role since they provide the oxygen and the source of energy for all living things. Plant and algae growth is affected by the photosynthesis speed which depends on the availability of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). This paper reports on the pilot plant scale study of the impact of 20% to 50% CO 2 on biogas into the growing medium of microalgae which obtained bio-methane purification results as gaseous bio-fuels. Research material was produced from the Jatropha curcas Linn. husk biogas digester and a 0.15 m 3 HDPE drum was used as a purification. The purification tank was filled with Catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ) farm water which grew “wild” microalgae naturally. The water was fed from the top with continuous flow of (16 to 31) L· min –1 and the biogas was fed from the bottom at (18 to 29) L · min –1 . CO 2 level data of biogas was measured by orsat apparatus and processed with t test. The results achieved average efficiency reduction levels of CO 2 on 50% in two cycles (24% in the first and 26% in the second).
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. In-situ and ex-situ multi-scale physical metrologies to investigate the destructuration mechanisms of lignocellulosic matrices and release kinetics of fermentescible cellulosic carbon
- Author
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Nguyen, Tien Cuong, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INSA de Toulouse, Luc Fillaudeau, Kim Anh To, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
- Subjects
Bioconversion ,Viscosimétrie ,[SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology ,Viscosimetry ,Granulométrie ,Déstructuration des fibres ,Pâte à papier ,Transfer limitation ,Ajouts cumulés ,Bio-raffinage ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,Limitation de transfert ,Morphométrie ,Granulometry ,Cumulative feeding strategy ,[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering ,Morphometry ,Taille de particule ,Rhéométrie ,Particle size ,Bio-refinery ,Rheometry ,Glucose ,Fibre destructuration ,Lignocellulose ,Paper-pulp - Abstract
In the context of biofuels and chemicals production of petroleum substitutes from renewable carbon, bioconversion of lignocellulose biomasses is currently a major challenge. The limited knowledge of liquefaction and saccharification mechanisms stands as the main factor which penalizes bio-refinery progress. The present work is centred on the development of in-situ(viscosimetry, focus beam reflectance measurement) and ex-situ (rheometry, diffraction light scattered, morphometry, decantation…) physical and biochemical analysis to expand our understanding of the destructuration mechanisms of lignocellulose fibres and to characterise the release kinetics of fermentable cellulosic carbon. Model (microcrystalline cellulose,Whatman paper) and industrial (paper-pulp, sugarcane bagasse) lignocellulose matrices under a large range of hydrolysis conditions (1% up to 30%w/v and 0.1 up to 0.5mL enzyme/g cellulose) were studied during 24h hydrolysis experiments (pertinent period to appreciate transfer limitations). Our scientific results allow:- to propose and validate the in-situ measurements of the suspension viscosity and chord length distribution together with its conversion into particle size distribution.- to demonstrate the impact of the substrate nature and concentration and of the enzymatic ratios on the evolution of physical- and biochemical parameters during hydrolysis. Their impacts on transfer phenomena were quantified.- to establish phenomenological models for rheological behaviour of initial suspensions.- to describe all physical (viscosity, particle size) and biochemical (substrate and product) kinetics by second order reaction models.- to demonstrate that, for high dry matter concentration hydrolysis, a cumulative feeding substrate strategy allows considerably reducing the transfer limitations linked to high concentrations and to control the glucose production kinetics.; La bioconversion des biomasses lignocellulosiques est actuellement un grand défi pour le développement de technologies de bio-raffinage. Le manque de connaissances des mécanismes de liquéfaction et de saccharification est l’un des principaux facteurs qui pénalisent le développement des procédés de bio-raffinage. Ce travail est centré sur le développement d’analyses physiques et biochimiques in-situ (viscosimétrie, focus beam reflectance measurement) et ex-situ (rhéometrie, granulométrie laser, morphogranulométrie, sédimentation…) pour améliorer la compréhension des mécanismes de déstructuration desfibres lignocellulosiques et caractériser les cinétiques de libération de carbone fermentescible. Des substrats modèles (cellulose microcristalline, papier Whatman) et industriels (pâte à papier, bagasse de canne à sucre) ont été utilisés avec différentes conditions d'hydrolyse (1% à 30%w/v, 0.1 à 0.5mL enzyme/ g cellulose). Les résultats obtenus ont permis:- de proposer et de valider les mesures in-situ de la viscosité de la suspension et de la distribution des longueurs de corde des particules, ainsi que sa conversion en distribution de diamètre.- de montrer l'impact de la nature et de la concentration de substrat et des ratios enzyme/substrat sur les évolutions des paramètres physico-biochimiques lors de l'hydrolyse. Ces effets ont été quantifiés sur les limitations de transfert.- d'établir un modèle phénoménologique de comportement rhéologique des suspensions initiales- de montrer que les cinétiques physico et bio-chimiques sont des cinétiques du second ordre- de montrer que, pour des hydrolyses à haute teneur en matière sèche, on peut réduire considérablement la limitation des transferts liée aux hautes concentrations et contrôler la cinétique de production de glucose par une stratégie d’ajouts cumulés desubstrat.
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- 2014
20. Development of a green procedure of citrus fruits waste processing to recover carotenoids
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Farid Chemat, Meryem Boukroufa, Chahrazed Boutekedjiret, Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de l Environnement. (LSTE), Université Mentouri Constantine [Algérie] (UMC), Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale (SQPOV), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU)
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7. Clean energy ,lcsh:TD1-1066 ,Essential oil ,law.invention ,Steam distillation ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,law ,[CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry ,Ultrasound ,[SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering ,Response surface methodology ,lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,[SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM] ,Carotenoid ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Limonene ,Waste management ,Extraction (chemistry) ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Pulp and paper industry ,040401 food science ,Citrus waste ,Solvent ,Bio-refinery ,chemistry ,Valorisation ,Microwave ,D-limonene ,Green processing - Abstract
International audience; In this study, an original and green procedure of processing waste of the citrus fruits was developed using the concept of bio-refinery, innovative techniques “ultrasound”and “micro-wave”, and a green sol- vent “limonene”to recover carotenoids. Essential oil extraction was performed by Solvent Free Microwave Extraction (SFME) and compared to steam distillation (SD). The essential oil yields were comparable for both processes: 4.02 ±0.23% for SFME and 4.16 ±0.05% for SD. After that, carotenoid extraction from cit- rus peels was performed by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and conventional extraction (CE) using d -limonene obtained starting from essential oil, as a solvent, and then compared to n-hexane extract. Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite designs (CCD) approach was launched to investigate the influence of process variables on the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The statisti- cal analysis revealed that the optimized conditions of ultrasound power, temperature and time were 208 W cm −2 , 20 °C and 5 min giving carotenoid content of 11.25 mg L −1 . Compared to the conventional ex- traction, (UAE) gave an increase of 40% in carotenoid content. The comparison to n-hexane extract gave no significant changes in carotenoid content. Combination of microwave, ultrasound and d -limonene ob- tained from a bio-refinery of a by-product of citrus fruits industry allow us to develop a very good envi- ronmental green approach giving high added values compounds, with a saving of time, and a complete valorisation of waste.
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- 2017
21. Synergetic hydrothermal co-liquefaction of crude glycerol and aspen wood
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Thomas Helmer Pedersen, Shashank Singh, Lasse Rosendahl, Luca Casamassima, Lukas Jasiūnas, and Thomas Jensen
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Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Resource management ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Liquefaction ,Raw material ,Pulp and paper industry ,complex mixtures ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hydrothermal liquefaction ,Fuel Technology ,Bio-refinery ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,chemistry ,Biofuel ,visual_art ,Glycerol ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Biocrude ,Lignin ,Char ,Biomass ,Charcoal - Abstract
Crude glycerol-assisted hydrothermal co-liquefaction of aspen wood was studied in batch micro-reactors. An experimental matrix of 14 experiments was defined to investigate the effects of three different process parameters on the yields of biocrude and char, and on biocrude quality. Co-processing aspen woodand neat glycerol led to a significant reduction in the char yield, and glycerol is hypothesized to act as a radical scavenger, alleviating re-polymerization of especially lignin-derived fragments. In the temperature range of 380–420 C, it was found that biocrude and char yield, and biocrude quality were all invariantto the reaction temperature. By increasing the crude glycerol to aspen wood mass ratio from 0:1 to 3:1, char yield was decreased from 18.3% (only aspen wood) to 3.4%. Furthermore, the biocrude quality in terms of the effective hydrogen-to-carbon ratio (H/Ceff) was significantly affected by the crude glycerol to aspen wood ratio. At a crude glycerol to aspen wood ratio of 3:1 the H/Ceff was 1.6 compared to 0.96 in the case of only aspen wood. The chemical composition of the biocrude was observed to be directly influenced by the two main feedstock constituents, which allows straightforward composition prediction of the biocrude, and hence enables controllability of the biocrude properties by feedstock mixing. Crude glycerol-assisted hydrothermal co-liquefaction of aspen wood was studied in batch micro-reactors. An experimental matrix of 14 experiments was defined to investigate the effects of three different process parameters on the yields of biocrude and char, and on biocrude quality. Co-processing aspen wood and neat glycerol led to a significant reduction in the char yield, and glycerol is hypothesized to act as a radical scavenger, alleviating re-polymerization of especially lignin-derived fragments. In the temperature range of 380–420 °C, it was found that biocrude and char yield, and biocrude quality were all invariant to the reaction temperature. By increasing the crude glycerol to aspen wood mass ratio from 0:1 to 3:1, char yield was decreased from 18.3% (only aspen wood) to 3.4%. Furthermore, the biocrude quality in terms of the effective hydrogen-to-carbon ratio (H/Ceff) was significantly affected by the crude glycerol to aspen wood ratio. At a crude glycerol to aspen wood ratio of 3:1 the H/Ceff was 1.6 compared to 0.96 in the case of only aspen wood. The chemical composition of the biocrude was observed to be directly influenced by the two main feedstock constituents, which allows straightforward composition prediction of the biocrude, and hence enables controllability of the biocrude properties by feedstock mixing.
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- 2015
22. Modular bio-refinery simulation of Nesogordonia papaverifera by fast pyrolysis (FP): a focus on bio-oil enhancement.
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Umenweke, Great, Adesanya, Zacchaeus, Onyeaka, Helen, and Miri, Taghi
- Abstract
The aim of this paper is to simulate a modular bio-refinery, which utilizes the thermochemical conversion process, to transform the Nigerian sawdust wood (Nesogordonia papaverifera) as feedstock to produce bio-oil, syngas, and bio-char. In this work, the thermochemical conversion process used is fast pyrolysis. For this work, the focus is on achieving an improved bio-oil, in both quality and quantity. The simulation software used is ASPEN Plus V11, using the fluid package Peng-Robinson with Boston-Mathias (PR-BM). The conventional components (N
2 , O2 , H2 O, H2 , S, CO, CO2 , and solid carbon) and non-conventional components (sawdust wood and ash) were adequately specified, and the reaction feeds were pyrolyzed at 300 °C at 5 bar, which generates the highest pyrolysis oil yield in comparison with other varied temperatures from 300 to 500 °C. In the process, the drying and decomposition were carried out using FORTRAN statements through calculator blocks. The result shows that the bulk of the bio-product is the bio-oil, with its component mixture being methanol, glyoxal, and glycol-01 taking up to about 70% yield. Sensitivity analysis shows that the yield of the bio-oil greatly reduces with a significant increase in temperature. Therefore, to ensure the optimal yield of the bio-oil for the Nigerian sawdust (Nesogordonia papaverifera) model used, the operating condition of the feed should be below 400 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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23. STEAM EXPLOSION AS A PRE-TREATMENT METHOD FOR BIO-REFINED HYBRID ASPEN LIGNOCELLULOSE
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Martins Andzs, Ramunas Tupciauskas, Janis Gravitis, Sanita Reinerte, and Andris Veveris
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Pre treatment ,0303 health sciences ,Materials science ,Waste management ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Severity factor ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,15. Life on land ,Bio-refinery ,Green production ,Hybrid aspen ,Lignocellulose separation ,Steam explosion ,Pulp and paper industry ,complex mixtures ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Yield (chemistry) ,Lignin ,Cellulose ,Tree species ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Steam explosion (SE) is a well renowned pre-treatment method used for bio-refined material synthesis due to its simplicity in machinery and efficiency in resource and energy use in creation of high-value products. Used for separation of lignocellulose originated from wood and other sources, current research in wood-based lignocellulose has mainly focused in separation of wood fractions from commonly grown tree species. Scientific studies are needed for better understanding of common tree species to generate new possible products, e.g., bio-based composite materials. Commercially grown hybrid aspen (Populus tremuloides x Populus tremula) was pre-treated by SE to obtain a nano-level structured cellulose and lignin for bio-based composite materials. The results present a yield of extracted cellulose and lignin depending on SE conditions (severity factor) and subsequent water/alkaline extraction. Extractions have been executed with and without heat treatment. The research reveals a positive correlation between the yield of extracted lignin and SE severity factor, and a negative correlation for SE cellulose. The study concludes that SE hybrid aspen is proving to be a promising source for extraction of cellulose and lignin for bio-based composite materials.
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- 2017
24. Economic assessment of advanced biofuel production via gasification using cost data from the GoBiGas plant.
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Thunman, Henrik, Larsson, Anton, Gustavsson, Christer, Gunnarsson, Ingemar, and Tengberg, Freddy
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BIOMASS energy ,BIOMASS production ,BIOMASS gasification ,ECONOMIC research ,CHEMICAL plant costs - Abstract
This paper describes an economic analysis of the GoBiGas plant, which is a first‐of‐its‐kind industrial installation for advanced biofuel production (ABP) via gasification, in which woody biomass is converted to biomethane. A previous technical evaluation of the demonstration unit confirmed that it is technically feasible to construct advanced biofuel production plants, using commercially available and widely used components. Thus, significant cost reductions for equipment cannot be expected as a consequence of learning effects. However, the equipment itself accounted for <20% of the total investment cost at GoBiGas and there exists the potential to reduce the production cost through learning how to assemble the process and reduce project‐specific costs. The analysis shows that a plant with capacity of 200 MW of biomethane is an attractive scale for future stand‐alone ABP plants with respect to limiting the production cost. For a 200‐MW ABP plant operated using forest residues as fuel, the production cost for biomethane is estimated at approximately 600 SEK/MWh, (60€/MWh, 75US$/MWh), which is equivalent to 5.4 SEK/liter gasoline [0.54 €/liter, or 2.5USD per gallon (9.9 SEK/€, 8 SEK/USD)], where the feedstock accounts for about 36% of the production cost. The most significant uncertainty factors pertaining to the estimated production costs are expected to relate to: trade conditions; the location of the installation; and the local price of feedstock. Thus, there is some potential for implementing cost‐competitive ABP systems of smaller capacity if low‐grade feedstocks (eg, waste‐derived woody biomass) can be utilized, and/or if the unit can be integrated with the already existing infrastructure. In this paper, we describe an economic analysis of the GoBiGas plant, which is a first‐of‐its‐kind industrial installation for advanced biofuel production (ABP) via gasification, in which woody biomass is converted to biomethane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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25. Study of thermal cracking kinetics and co-processing of biocrude in thermal residual upgradation unit for converting ‘waste to energy’
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Jitumoni, B., Dixit, Shivam A., Pradeep, P. R., Ravindra, K., Das, Satyen K., Christopher, Jayaraj, Sau, Madhusudan, Kapur, Gurpreet S., and Ramakumar, S. S. V.
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- 2023
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26. Research and innovation in agriculture: beyond productivity?
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VIAGGI, DAVIDE
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AGRICULTURAL innovations ,ECOSYSTEM services ,AGRICULTURAL research ,BIOECONOMICS ,AGRICULTURAL productivity - Abstract
Studies on the effects of research and innovation in agriculture have been largely characterised by efforts to make a connection between expenditure and productivity. A number of issues have challenged the ability of productivity to measure the effects of research, namely, in recent years, increasing efforts towards improving the environmental performance of the farming sector. Besides environmental concerns, however, a number of recent concepts have emerged that are shaping the current research and policy agenda and which could result in a revision of the productivity concepts used to evaluate research impacts. The objective of this paper is to discuss these issues and their implications for studies on the impact of research and innovation. We address, in particular, the following issues: a) the development of the of bioeconomy and related concepts such as the circular economy, resource efficiency and bio-refinery; b) the connection with entrepreneurship and eco-innovation; c) changing tools in research assessment, in particular the widespread use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); and d) the evolving concepts of sustainability and ecosystem services. We argue that while the traditional notion of productivity, intended as output/input ratio, maintains (and may be strengthens) its role on the aggregate, a more analytical interpretation of the pathways towards research impacts is needed, as well as a broadened view of productivity and its determinants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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27. CFD Design of Hydrogenation Reactor for Transformation of Levulinic Acid to -Valerolactone (GVL) by using High Boiling Point Organic Fluids.
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Davidy, Alon
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HYDROGENATION ,COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics ,KETONIC acids ,HYDROCRACKING ,NAVIER-Stokes equations - Abstract
Levulinic acid (LA) has been ranked as one of the "Top 10" building blocks for future bio-refineries as proposed by the US Department of Energy. It is considered one of the most important platform molecules for the production of fine chemicals and fuels based on its compatibility with existing processes, market economics, and industrial ability to serve as a platform for the synthesis of important derivatives. Hydrogenation of LA to produce -valerolactone (GVL) is an active area of research due to the potential of GVL to be used as a biofuel in its own right and for its subsequent transformation into hydrocarbon fuels. This paper contains a new design for a simple, cost effective, and safe hydrogenation reactor for the transformation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone (GVL) by utilizing high boiling point organic fluid. The hydrogenation reactor is composed of a heating source--organic fluid (called "DOWTHERM A" or "thermex") and the catalytic reactor. The advantages of high boiling temperature fluids, along with advances in hydrocracking and reforming technologies driven by the oil and gas industries, make the organic concept more suitable and safer (water coming in contact with liquid metal is well understood in the metallurgical industry to be a steam explosion hazard) for heating the hydrogenation reactor. COMSOL multi-physics software version 4.3b was applied in this work and simultaneously solves the continuity, Navier-Stokes (fluid flow), energy (heat transfer), and diffusion with chemical reaction kinetics equations. It was shown that the heat flux supplied by the DOWTHERM A organic fluid could provide the necessary heat flux required for maintaining the hydrogenation process. It was found that the mass fractions of hydrogen and levulinic acid decreased along the reactor axis. The GVL mass fraction increased along the reactor axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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28. The synthesis of potential biofuel 5-ethoxymethylfurfural: A review.
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Zuo, Miao, Lin, Lu, and Zeng, Xianhai
- Subjects
- *
BIOMASS energy , *CATALYSIS , *BIOMASS chemicals , *LIQUID fuels , *FRUCTOSE , *ETHANOL , *FUEL additives , *ENERGY density - Abstract
• This paper summarizes the progress of EMF synthesis of biomass fuels in recent years, starting from the classification of different biomass feedstocks. • By summarizing and analyzing the different catalytic methods for various feedstocks, the limiting factors and key side reactions during the EMF synthesis reaction are presented. • Comprehensive analysis of the catalytic mechanism and theoretical calculations of EMF synthesis reactions in different studies is presented. The development of liquid fuel and fuel additive synthesis from abundant biomass substrates has obtained much attention in recent years. Among the proposed bio-fuels, 5-Ethoxymethylfurfural (5-EMF) is one of the most desirable gasoline alternatives because of its high stability, environment-friendly, and high energy density. More importantly, 5-EMF could be directly prepared from bio-based materials through etherification reactions in ethanol by straightforward synthetic methods from different biomass or bio-derived substrates, including 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), fructose, glucose, and raw biomass. Given the apparent differences and crossover of catalytic approaches in the synthesis of 5-EMF from different feedstocks in the current publications. This paper reviews the research focus and catalyst characteristics in synthesizing 5-EMF using different feedstocks and compares the catalytic effect and mechanism of action of these catalysts in preparing 5-EMF. Hopefully, this review will facilitate and inspire future research on 5-EMF synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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29. Evaluation of a combined lignocellulosic / waste water bio‐refinery for the simultaneous production of valuable biochemical products and the remediation of acid mine drainage.
- Author
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Burman, Nicholas W., Harding, Kevin G., Sheridan, Craig M., and Van Dyk, Lizelle
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ACID mine drainage ,LIGNOCELLULOSE biodegradation ,SEWAGE purification ,ETHANOL ,FERMENTATION ,MANAGEMENT - Abstract
Abstract: The additional costs required for the pre‐treatment of lignocellulosic bio‐mass prior to enzymatic hydrolysis have limited the commercial implementation of lignocellulosic bio‐chemical production. The use of acidic mine drainage (AMD) water as an acid source for lignocellulosic pre‐treatment has recently been investigated. Large quantities of AMD in South Africa suggest that AMD can be obtained cheaply, thus reducing the cost and increasing the potential of lignocellulosic bio‐chemicals. Acidic mine drainage could undergo further remediation using sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) so that the water is suitable for release. The feasibility of such a system could be greatly improved if this process were to be incorporated within a bio‐refinery, such that all fractions of the bio‐mass are used to produce multiple products. This paper investigates such a bio‐refinery system, and evaluates the different options based on the bio‐refinery complexity profile (BCP). Due to the abundance of grass in the regions where AMD is generated, this was found to be the most suitable feedstock. The most feasible bio‐refinery option was found to produce ethanol through fermentation of C6 sugars, although it is recommended that further investigation be conducted into additional high‐value bio‐chemicals from the C6 sugar platform. C5 sugars released in pre‐treatment could be used as a substrate by SRB for AMD remediation. Gasification and direct combustion of lignin had similar BCPs and thus further investigation is required to determine the preferred path. Similarly, further investigation is required for the best processing route for distillery silage. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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30. Microalgae as a potential source for biodiesel production: techniques, methods, and other challenges.
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Arenas, E. G., Rodriguez Palacio, M. C., Juantorena, A. U., Fernando, S. E. L., and Sebastian, P. J.
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MICROALGAE ,BIODIESEL fuel manufacturing ,PHOTOSYNTHETIC bacteria ,PETROLEUM refineries ,LIPIDS - Abstract
This paper reviews some of the most important aspects of microalgae as a potential source for biodiesel production. Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that can grow rapidly in a variety of environments because of their unicellular or multicellular structure depending on the species. They have the advantage of self-reproduction using solar energy and converting it into chemical energy via photosynthesis. This process concludes a full cycle in a few days, obtaining higher lipid yields than terrestrial crops. This review shows several techniques and some methodologies used in the biodiesel production process from microalgae as well as the challenges that must be overcome for large-scale process and in bio-refineries. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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31. Utilising Brewer's Spent Grain as a Source of Cellulose Nanofibres Following Separation of Protein-based Biomass.
- Author
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Mishra, Pawan Kumar, Gregor, Tomas, and Wimmer, Rupert
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CELLULOSE ,NANOFIBERS ,BIOMASS ,ALKALINE solutions ,BLEACHING (Chemistry) ,WASTE products - Abstract
A multistage process was employed to obtain value-added products from brewer's spent grain (BSG). This paper is focused on the production and characterisation of cellulose nano-fibres (CNF) as one of the products obtained during the complete process. In the first stage, protein-rich liquor was separated via the alkaline (NaOH) treatment of dried BSG and stored for further utilisation. In the second stage, bleaching treatments were conducted to separate cellulose, which was later converted to CNF by high-pressure homogenisation. The lignocellulosic product from each step was analysed for its chemical composition by means of alkaline hydrolysis combined with the HPEAC method. The thermal properties were measured using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was done to observe changes in crystallinity. The nano-cellulose produced can be regarded as a value-added material from the bio-refinery of BSG along with numerous already-reported products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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32. Bio-refinery of waste streams for green and efficient succinic acid production by engineered Yarrowia lipolytica without pH control.
- Author
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Li, Chong, Ong, Khai Lun, Yang, Xiaofeng, and Lin, Carol Sze Ki
- Subjects
- *
SUCCINIC acid , *BUTANOL , *RIVERS , *SUSTAINABILITY , *FOOD industrial waste , *CONCENTRATE feeds - Abstract
• Glycerol-consuming Y. lipolytica can utilize glucose for efficient SA production. • First study for utilizing organic MSW in SA production by Y. lipolytica at low pH. • The highest SA yield of 0.61 g/g ever reported by yeast at low pH was achieved. • Fed-batch fermentation using waste hydrolysate at pH 2.8 resulted in 71.6 g/L SA. • Low pH SA production led to economic improvement and environmental sustainability. This paper presents an efficient, green and sustainable approach for succinic acid (SA) fermentation, in which glucose-rich hydrolysates from various waste streams were used as the substrate for SA production by Yarrowia lipolytica without pH control for the first time. First, Y. lipolytica PGC202 was found to be able to consume glucose-rich mixed food waste (MFW) hydrolysate for SA production with high efficiency. After medium optimization, a SA titer at 31.7 g/L with a yield of 0.52 g/g and productivity of 0.60 g/L/h was obtained from is FBB fermentation when using 60 g/L glucose-containing MFW hydrolysate as the carbon source supplemented with 3% tryptone. When glucose-rich hydrolysate from other waste streams was used, the highest SA yield of 0.61 g/g via yeast fermentation at low pH was achieved, which demonstrated the extensive substrate adaptability and great potential of Y. lipolytica. By feeding concentrated MFW hydrolysate, SA titer up to 71.6 g/L was achieved from fed-batch fermentation with pH decreased naturally to 2.8. Finally, with the revised recovery method, 68.3% of the total SA with purity between 89.5% and 91.0% was recovered from the acidic fermentation broth with only low input of acid for acidification, which demonstrated the great advantages of SA production at low pH over that under neutral conditions in terms of economic improvement and environmental sustainability. In general, this study overcomes one of the major economic drawbacks for future feasible large-scale fermentative SA production, and it also illustrates a promising prospective for bio-SA production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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33. Biomass-derived aviation fuels: Challenges and perspective.
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Wang, Meng, Dewil, Raf., Maniatis, Kyriakos, Wheeldon, John, Tan, Tianwei, Baeyens, Jan, and Fang, Yunming
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FOSSIL fuels , *AIRCRAFT fuels , *ENERGY development , *RENEWABLE energy sources , *ENERGY consumption , *ENERGY crops - Abstract
The worldwide utilization of fossil energy, including its specific application as transportation fuel, significantly contributes to the continuous increase of the atmospheric CO 2 concentration. Several solutions have been promoted or scheduled to reduce CO 2 emissions. Among these solutions, the development of renewable energy resources, such as bio-fuels, offers important advantages as promoted by several countries and institutions who disclosed their plans to partly or totally use alternative renewable energy sources in the future. For the rapidly growing aviation sector, aviation fuel derived from fossil resources is still the major available energy source. The development of renewable aviation fuel is considered to be a promising future strategy to reduce related CO 2 emissions. The worldwide total aviation fuel consumption by commercial airlines increased from about 260 million m³/year in 2005 to over 340 million m³/year in 2018, and a further annual increase of about 5% is expected till 2050. Worldwide actions have hence been undertaken with respect to bio-aviation fuel production, distribution, and demonstration flying. As a relatively new topic, there are a lot of remaining challenges in technology development, fuel certification and distribution. The production technology, policy and environmental impact of bio-aviation fuel were comprehensively reviewed, including its production by the catalytic conversion of lipids, by the conversion of carbohydrates or lignocellulosic biomass, and by developing bio-refinery concepts for bio-aviation fuel production. The future reduction of CO 2 emissions in the aviation sector requires an improvement of the biomass to aviation fuel production technology through the correct integration of biology, chemical engineering, and energy crops. The paper illustrates this potential integration through reviewing the current research in the production of aviation fuels from biomass, including the complete industrial chain from airplane manufacturer, aviation fuel producer and provider, airline strategies, and ongoing R&D, bearing in mind that major efforts are required to foster the development of the cost-effective production of renewable aviation fuel. The different topics of the Table of contents will be subsequently dealt with. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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34. Process synthesis for the microalgae-based bio-refineries through superstructure optimization: A systematic review.
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Haghpanah, Tahereh, Sobati, Mohammad Amin, and Pishvaee, Mir Saman
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- *
EVIDENCE gaps , *SUSTAINABILITY , *MICROALGAE , *COMMUNITIES , *QUANTITATIVE research , *ECONOMIC research , *BIOMASS energy - Abstract
• A critical review on the microalgae bio-refinery process synthesis via superstructure optimization. • The possible future research plans based on the research gaps were recommended. • Considering different feedstocks and products in superstructure is a good topic for future studies. • Development of the efficient exact or hybrid solution algorithms is a good subject for future studies. • Development of quantitative methods for analyzing the social aspects is a good topic for future studies. Microalgae have numerous potential advantages as feedstock in producing biofuels and other value-added end products. The variety in processing pathways for biofuel production is one of the main challenges in commercializing microalgae-based bio-refineries. The superstructure optimization method is a great solution to overcome this challenge and attracted much attention in the academic communities. In the present study, a systematic review of past studies has been carried out to determine the future perspective in the microalgae-based bio-refinery process synthesis area of study with an emphasis on the superstructure optimization approach. In this regard, the relevant papers published from 2011 to 2022 are taken from the literature and categorized based on different classifications such as their feedstocks and end products, mathematical model, model characteristics including uncertainty, objective function, sustainability, solution method, and economic and environmental analysis. Then, the existing research gaps in the literature have been described to specify future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The Production of Bioethanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass: Pretreatment Methods, Fermentation, and Downstream Processing.
- Author
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Beluhan, Sunčica, Mihajlovski, Katarina, Šantek, Božidar, and Ivančić Šantek, Mirela
- Subjects
ETHANOL as fuel ,LIGNOCELLULOSE ,RENEWABLE natural resources ,ALTERNATIVE fuels ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,WHEAT straw ,RAW materials ,BIOMASS conversion - Abstract
Bioethanol is the most widely used alternative transportation fuel to petrol. Bioethanol is considered a clean, renewable, and environmentally friendly fuel that can contribute to climate change mitigation, decreased environmental pollution, and enhanced energy security. Commercial bioethanol production is based on traditional agricultural crops such as corn, sugarcane, and sugarbeet, primarily used as food and feed. In order to meet the growing demand for this fuel and decrease competition in the food and biofuel sectors for the same feedstock, other raw materials and process technologies have been intensively studied. Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most abundant renewable resources, with it being rich in compounds that could be processed into energy, transportation fuels, various chemical compounds, and diverse materials. Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass has received substantial attention in recent decades. This review gives an overview of bioethanol production steps from lignocellulosic biomass and challenges in the production process. The following aspects of bioethanol production are covered here, including pretreatment methods, process strategies, strain development, ethanol isolation and purification, and technical hurdles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Waste-water Treatment Coupled with Biodiesel Production Using Microalgae: A Bio-refinery Approach.
- Author
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Gill, Saba Shahid, Mehmood, Muhammad Aamer, Rashid, Umer, Ibrahim, Muhammad, Saqib, Anam, and Tabassum, Muhammad Rizwan
- Subjects
WASTEWATER treatment ,MICROALGAE ,BIODIESEL fuels ,NONRENEWABLE natural resources ,PETROLEUM industry - Abstract
Scarcity and non-renewable nature of petroleum based liquid fuels have made them an un-reliable source of energy. Excessive greenhouse gas emissions and the associated effects on global warming have become noteworthy environmental, economic and social threats. In this milieu, the development of renewable, carbon-neutral and sustainable alternative energy sources has become inevitable. Biofuels have been found a promising alternative and a driving force for modern world. Different feed-stocks have been evaluated for biofuels production to date but microalgae have been found the most attractive due to their higher growth productivity, higher lipid contents, non-competitive nature with human food and their ability to grow on non-arable land using brackish or waste water. However, there are a number of technological barriers that are still questioning the economic feasibility and competitiveness of such biofuels. On the other hand, there are also a number of trade opportunities if we pay attention to the use of integrated system following the bio-refinery concept. Bio-refinery concept reflects the production of value added by-products along with the biofuels, contributing to an overall escalation of the economic feasibility of the whole system. These types of systems may help to progress the competitiveness of biodiesel production using microalgae as a potential feedstock. This paper reviews the most recent and relevant information on such integrated systems. Several aspects related to the treatment of municipal and animal wastewater with simultaneous recovery of microalgae and the potential of biodiesel production are discussed. Bio-refinery concept also presenting new opportunities for the cost-effective production of biodiesel coupled with valuable non-fuel by-products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
37. Between versus within: Comparative analysis reveals significant differences among survival, regeneration and growth in explants of Gracilaria corticata var. cylindrica treated with two commercial Sargassum-derived extracts
- Author
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Joshi, Keval, Baraiya, Mukesh, Moradiya, Kinjal, Dawange, Pankaj S., Jaiswar, Santlal, Prasad, Kamalesh, and Mantri, Vaibhav A.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. The Modification for Increasing Productivity at Hydrolysis Reactor with Jatropha Curcas Linn Capsule Husk as Bio-Methane Feedstocks at Two Stage Digestion.
- Author
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Hendroko, Roy, Liwang, Tony, Salafudin, Adinurani, Praptiningsih G., Nelwan, Leopold O., Sakri, Yosephianus, and Wahono, Satriyo K.
- Abstract
Abstract: Indonesia energy depends on fossil fuel which its availability get decrease; the price get higher day by day and the environment impact get worse on global warming. As tropical and agricultural country, Indonesia has plenty of bio- mass; therefore it was feasible to develop bio-fuel. In other, bio-fuel production must be wise because there were competition among food – feed – fuel. Jatropha curcas Linn (JCL) was one of non-edible bio-fuel resources, but there was mistake in development at Indonesia. This paper describe 8th study of gaseous bio-fuel from bio-methane with capsule husk as feedstocks, the waste of Crude Jatropha Oil (CJO). The study was conducted in Research Farm PT. Bumimas Ekapersada, Bekasi, West Java, from October until December 2011 to enhance the development of liquid bio-fuel – CJO/bio-diesel and gaseous bio-fuel – bio-methane in the concept of bio-refinery. Bio-methane was modern cooking fuel and the most efficient energetically. The utilization of industrial waste such as capsule husk will not compete with the food, but one of the problem was its low density, so the husk will float in the substrate. The problem can be solved by two stage digestion process, where hydrolysis reactor as process controlling. HDPE plastic drum with the volume of 160 liter was used as hydrolysis reactor. The reactors were arranged using Randomized Complete Design, three replications. The observed parameters were pH, temperature, substrate volume, volatile solid concentration, and acetic acid concentration This paper was focused on reporting of application technology modification on placement of ballast as oppressor substrate in hydrolysis reactor. 19kg of cement slabs is used to suppress 13kg dried husk (DH) + river water with the ratio 1: 8. The ballast was installed on 4, 7, 10 and 14 days of harvest retention time of hydrolysis substrate. The result showed ballast application can increase of hydrolysis substrate volume from 33.19% until 47.25% even no significantly different by statistical analysis. There was increasing in acetic acid concentration (93.27% - 128.51%) and statistical analysis showed significantly different on 4 days treatment. There was increasing on hydrolysis solution production on 4 days treatment (229.48%) and it was significantly different according statistical analysis. As the conclusion, the usage of 19kg ballast as oppressor can increase hydrolysis solution productivity on 160 liter HDPE hydrolysis reactor with concentration 1: 8 on 4 days harvest retention time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Bio-refinery system in a pulp mill for methanol production with comparison of pressurized black liquor gasification and dry gasification using direct causticization
- Author
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Naqvi, Muhammad, Yan, Jinyue, and Dahlquist, Erik
- Subjects
- *
CHEMICAL processes , *PULP mills , *METHANOL , *SULFATE pulping process , *BIOMASS energy , *ELECTRIC power production , *CLIMATE change , *RENEWABLE energy sources , *CARBON dioxide , *CHEMICAL reduction - Abstract
Abstract: Black liquor gasification (BLG) for bio-fuel or electricity production at the modern pulp mills is a field in continuous evolution and the efforts are considerably driven by the climate change, fuel security, and renewable energy. This paper evaluates and compares two BLG systems for methanol production: (i) oxygen blown pressurized thermal BLG; and (ii) dry BLG with direct causticization, which have been regarded as the most potential technology candidates for the future deployment. A key objective is to assess integration possibilities of BLG technologies with the reference Kraft pulp mill producing 1000air dried tonnes (ADt) pulp/day replacing conventional recovery cycle. The study was performed to compare the systems’ performance in terms of potential methanol production, energy efficiency, and potential CO2 reductions. The results indicate larger potential of black liquor conversion to methanol from the pressurized BLG system (about 77million tonnes/year of methanol) than the dry BLG system (about 30million tonnes/year of methanol) utilizing identical amount of black liquor available worldwide (220million tDS/year). The potential CO2 emissions reduction from the transport sector is substantially higher in pressurized BLG system (117million tonnes/year CO2 reductions) as compared to dry BLG system (45million tonnes/year CO2 reductions). However, the dry BLG system with direct causticization shows better results when considering consequences of additional biomass import. In addition, comparison of methanol production via BLG with other bio-refinery products, e.g. hydrogen, dimethyl ether (DME) and bio-methane, has also been discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. The availability of second generation feedstocks for the treatment of acid mine drainage and to improve South Africa's bio-based economy.
- Author
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Westensee, Dirk Karl, Rumbold, Karl, Harding, Kevin G., Sheridan, Craig M., van Dyk, Lizelle D., Simate, Geoffrey S., and Postma, Ferdinand
- Subjects
- *
FEEDSTOCK , *ACID mine drainage purification , *MINES & mineral resources & the environment , *LIGNOCELLULOSE , *BIOMASS production - Abstract
South Africa has a wide range of mining activities making mineral resources important economic commodities. However, the industry is responsible for several environmental impacts; one of which is acid mine drainage (AMD). Despite several years of research, attempts to prevent AMD generation have proven to be difficult. Therefore, treatment of the resulting drainage has been common practice over the years. One of the recommended treatment methods is the use of second generation feedstocks (lignocellulosic biomass). This biomass is also acknowledged to be an important feedstock for bio-refineries as it is abundant, has a high carbon content and is available at minimal cost. It can also potentially be converted to fermentable sugars (e.g. glucose) through different treatment steps, which could further yield other valuable commodities (cellulase, poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) and penicillin V). It is estimated by a generic flowsheet model that 7 tons of grass biomass can produce 1400 kg of glucose which can subsequently produce 205 kg, 438 kg and 270 kg of cellulase, PHB and Penicillin V, respectively. In this paper we investigate the feasibility of grass as feedstock for AMD treatment and the subsequent conversion of this acid pre-treated grass into valuable bio-products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Bio-refinery approach for spent coffee grounds valorization.
- Author
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Mata, Teresa M., Martins, António A., and Caetano, Nídia S.
- Subjects
- *
COFFEE grounds , *PRODUCT life cycle assessment , *WASTE treatment , *ORGANIC wastes , *URETHANE foam - Abstract
Although normally seen as a problem, current policies and strategic plans concur that if adequately managed, waste can be a source of the most interesting and valuable products, among which metals, oils and fats, lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses, tannins, antioxidants, caffeine, polyphenols, pigments, flavonoids, through recycling, compound recovery or energy valorization, following the waste hierarchy. Besides contributing to more sustainable and circular economies, those products also have high commercial value when compared to the ones obtained by currently used waste treatment methods. In this paper, it is shown how the bio-refinery framework can be used to obtain high value products from organic waste. With spent coffee grounds as a case study, a sequential process is used to obtain first the most valuable, and then other products, allowing proper valorization of residues and increased sustainability of the whole process. Challenges facing full development and implementation of waste based bio-refineries are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. A Circular Economy Centered on Microalgae: Moving Toward Economic Commercial-Scale Recycling of Industrial, Agricultural, and Domestic Waste for a Sustainable Environment
- Author
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Oatley-Radcliffe, Darren Lee, Silkina, Alla, Barron, Andrew Ross, Pisello, Anna Laura, Editorial Board Member, Hawkes, Dean, Editorial Board Member, Bougdah, Hocine, Editorial Board Member, Rosso, Federica, Editorial Board Member, Abdalla, Hassan, Editorial Board Member, Boemi, Sofia-Natalia, Editorial Board Member, Mohareb, Nabil, Editorial Board Member, Mesbah Elkaffas, Saleh, Editorial Board Member, Bozonnet, Emmanuel, Editorial Board Member, Pignatta, Gloria, Editorial Board Member, Mahgoub, Yasser, Editorial Board Member, De Bonis, Luciano, Editorial Board Member, Kostopoulou, Stella, Editorial Board Member, Pradhan, Biswajeet, Editorial Board Member, Abdul Mannan, Md., Editorial Board Member, Alalouch, Chaham, Editorial Board Member, O. Gawad, Iman, Editorial Board Member, Nayyar, Anand, Editorial Board Member, Amer, Mourad, Series Editor, Heggy, Essam, editor, Bermudez, Veronica, editor, and Vermeersch, Marc, editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Integration of sugarcane production technologies for enhanced cane and sugar productivity targeting to increase farmers’ income: strategies and prospects
- Author
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Singh, Priyanka, Singh, S. N., Tiwari, Ajay K., Pathak, Sanjeev Kumar, Singh, Anil K., Srivastava, Sangeeta, and Mohan, Narendra
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Approaches for adding value to anaerobically digested dairy fiber.
- Author
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Pelaez-Samaniego, Manuel Raul, Hummel, Rita L., Liao, Wei, Ma, Jingwei, Jensen, Jim, Kruger, Chad, and Frear, Craig
- Subjects
- *
MANURES , *DAIRY products , *PETROLEUM refineries , *FIBERS , *SUBSTRATES (Materials science) - Abstract
One of the consequences of the increase of large dairy concentrated feeding operations (CAFOs) is the abundance of dairy manure that needs to be disposed of or used in some way. CAFOs can become bio-refineries, harnessing the manure for heat, power, fuel, chemicals, fertilizers, fiber, wood composites, and biochar for production of multiple value-added co-products. The objective of this paper is to review options for using dairy manure fiber and its corresponding anaerobically digested (AD) fiber. Bedding for cows remains a common choice for employing the separated AD fiber. However, research has shown that AD fiber has potential for using it as a component of growth substrates used in container plant production systems, for producing composite materials, or as a feedstock for both chemical and thermochemical operations. Potential uses of AD fiber such as composite materials and liquid fuels are proposed based on experiences employing the manure and its fiber (both without a previous AD step and after AD). Thermochemical processing (e.g., liquefaction and pyrolysis) of AD fiber for fuels and chemicals has been conducted at laboratory level and still needs further study at larger scale. Gasification of AD fiber is a promising option since there is potential for integration of current methane production with methane produced from thermal gasification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Integrated bio-refinery process for mass production of silica, lignin, and nanocellulose from rice straw biomass.
- Author
-
Cuong, Thai Dinh and Hoang, Phan Huy
- Subjects
RICE straw ,MASS production ,LIGNINS ,SULFATE waste liquor ,LIGNOCELLULOSE ,MANUFACTURING processes ,SILICA - Abstract
An efficient integrated bio-refinery process was established for mass production of silica, lignin, and nanocellulose from rice straw lignocellulose. A three-step process was used for achievement of three value-added products as: silica, lignin, and nanocellulose. At the first step of process, sodium hydroxide of 18% dosage was used as pulping agent to dissolve lignin, silica and other substances in rice straw to obtain cellulose pulp and black liquor. At the second step, silica powder and lignin are recovered by precipitation with sulfuric acid at suitable pH. Third step of process is nanocellulose fabrication from bleached cellulose pulp using a mixture of H
2 SO4 and H2 O2 . The suitable technical parameter for silica, lignin, and nanocellulose fabrication was established. At suitable condition, the silica, lignin, and nanocellulose yields were about 9.5%, 12.4%, and 28.7%, respectively, compared to the starting material in experimental scale. Moreover, this bio-refinery process was scaled-up for mass production of three products with relative high yields. The as-obtained products were characterized by SEM, IR, and XRD for determine the structure and morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Valorization of spent coffee grounds into biofuels and value-added products: Pathway towards integrated bio-refinery.
- Author
-
Atabani, A.E., Al-Muhtaseb, Ala'a H., Kumar, Gopalakrishnan, Saratale, Ganesh Dattatraya, Aslam, Muhammad, Khan, Hassnain Abbas, Said, Zafar, and Mahmoud, Eyas
- Subjects
- *
COFFEE grounds , *WASTE products as fuel , *WASTE management , *WASTE products , *PAPER recycling , *WASTE recycling - Abstract
• Utilization of spent coffee grounds to biofuels and value-added products is presented. • Valorization of other coffee industry by-products to high-value refined products are suggested. • Potential of membrane technology for separation and purification of biofuels and value-added products is demonstrated. • Pathways towards SCG-integrated biorefinery scheme are proposed. Coffee is the second largest traded commodity after petroleum and the second most popular beverage after water. This big industry is believed to generate huge amount of waste with spent coffee grounds (SCGs) represents one of the main by-products. Recycling of such waste to fuels and value-added products through bio-refineries is a promising way to solve the problem of many countries that face daily challenges and heavy cost in waste disposal. This review aims to shadow the light on SCGs recycling potential in which over 230 published papers on SCGs recycling topic were gathered and discussed. Various opportunities to produce biofuels such as biodiesel, biogas, bioethanol, bio-oil and fuel pellets besides value-added products such as bioactive compounds, adsorbents, polymers, nanocomposites, and compost were discussed. Moreover, the potential of membrane technology related to various processes of biorefining, separation and purification in the proposed SCG-integrated biorefinery are presented. Based on the presented review, it is obvious that recycling of SCGs offers many worthwhile options to policymakers that can contribute towards huge financial saving on taxpayers of running and maintaining landfills besides saving the environment from harmful emissions. In conclusion, this review emphasizes that SCG-integrated biorefineries to produce different types of biofuels and value-added products are a very promising approach that shall be economically more scrutinized in the foreseen future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. The potential of glycerol as a value-added commodity.
- Author
-
Anitha, M., Kamarudin, S.K., and Kofli, N.T.
- Subjects
- *
WASTEWATER treatment , *BIODIESEL fuel manufacturing , *GLYCERIN , *FATTY acids , *HYDROGEN production - Abstract
Glycerol is a by-product of biodiesel, soap and fatty acid manufacturing plants, which are now facing sustainability threats and a reduction in prices in the market due to its oversupply as a result of the rapid expansion of biodiesel plants all over the world. The global production and consumption of glycerol, as well as demand and supply, are evaluated here. Glycerol offers a wide range of new opportunities based on its transformation in many applications due to its unique properties, renewability and availability in the current market. This paper is a comprehensive review of the utilization of glycerol as a value-added commodity, including in the synthesis of chemicals, in the production of hydrogen gas, as a fuel additive, as a fermentation substrate, in the co-pyrolysis and co-gasification of glycerol, in methanol production, in the development of fuel cells, in wastewater treatment and in many other applications. In the future, glycerol definitely will become a promising renewable feedstock in biorefineries to synthesize fuel, chemicals and power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Moderní trendy předúprav pro ekonomicky rentabilní biorafinerie.
- Author
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KRÁTKÝ, Lukáš and JIROUT, Tomáš
- Abstract
Copyright of Waste Forum is the property of Czech Environment Management Center (CEMC) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
49. Bioprocessing of biowaste derived from food supply chain side-streams for extraction of value added bioproducts through biorefinery approach.
- Author
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Vigneshwar, Sivakumar Shri, Swetha, Authilingam, Gopinath, Kannappan Panchamoorthy, Goutham, Rangarajan, Pal, Rohit, Arun, Jayaseelan, SundarRajan, Panneerselvam, Bhatnagar, Amit, Lan Chi, Nguyen Thuy, and Pugazhendhi, Arivalagan
- Subjects
- *
FOOD supply , *FOOD industrial waste , *FOOD waste , *SUPPLY chains , *WASTE recycling , *REFUSE containers - Abstract
Food chain-based waste is generated in tonnes globally and this has led to release of greenhouse gases, poor air quality, land and water pollution. Food wastes are generated in tremendous quantity globally from local producer to international consumers and traders. Authors have used systematic literature review to identify the research gaps, thematic areas, methodology, sustainable techniques and future directions of processing food supply chain waste. Research is focused towards utilization of food waste as source for recovery of value-added compounds through sustainable technologies. Food waste can be utilized to synthesis platform chemicals, nutraceuticals, sugars, bio-fuels, bio-gas and bio-char via thermo-chemical conversion, anaerobic digestion and fermentation processes. This paper summarizes and provides technical insights on achieving circular bio-economy via technological advances in food waste processing for enhanced recovery of value-added compounds and future industrial scale operations. The state of art perspectives of food waste valorization and market outlook of platform chemicals and other products provides profitable economy for the food waste generator. Food security requires holistic approaches for effective usage of resources with inter linked global policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Biological Purification System: Integrated Biogas from Small Anaerobic Digestion and Natural Microalgae.
- Author
-
Salafudin, null, Setyobudi, Roy Hendroko, Wahono, Satriyo Krido, Nindita, Anggi, Adinurani, Praptiningsih G., Nugroho, Yogo Adhi, Sasmito, Andi, and Liwang, Tony
- Subjects
BIOGAS ,CHLOROPHYLL ,PHOTOSYNTHESIS ,CARBON dioxide ,METHANE ,CLARIAS gariepinus - Abstract
Photosynthetic pigments, including chlorophyll, have an important role since they provide the oxygen and the source of energy for all living things. Plant and algae growth is affected by the photosynthesis speed which depends on the availability of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). This paper reports on the pilot plant scale study of the impact of 20% to 50% CO 2 on biogas into the growing medium of microalgae which obtained bio-methane purification results as gaseous bio-fuels. Research material was produced from the Jatropha curcas Linn. husk biogas digester and a 0.15 m 3 HDPE drum was used as a purification. The purification tank was filled with Catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ) farm water which grew “wild” microalgae naturally. The water was fed from the top with continuous flow of (16 to 31) L· min –1 and the biogas was fed from the bottom at (18 to 29) L · min –1 . CO 2 level data of biogas was measured by orsat apparatus and processed with t test. The results achieved average efficiency reduction levels of CO 2 on 50% in two cycles (24% in the first and 26% in the second). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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