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Blumea lacera (Burm. f.) DC. is an aromatic annual herb that has traditionally been used to treat or protect against diabetes. Although it has infallible uses, its supply is limited due to its short lifespan. In this study, we aim to investigate the anti-diabetic potential of its micropropagated plants in type 2 diabetic mammalian (mouse) model and further expand the molecular mechanistic understanding of its activity. The water extract of the micropropagated plants was tested in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The extract effectively suppressed glucose levels prevented weight loss, and improved dyslipidemia in mice. Additionally, it improved liver injury as well as all investigated toxicity indicators, including serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and serum anti-inflammatory marker C-reactive protein. The intramolecular interaction study revealed that the innate polyphenolic constituents of this plant more profoundly inhibited α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase compared to the standard. The prolific bioactive compounds of the micropropagated plant could be attributed to these superior anti-diabetic effects, presumably via an elaborate inhibition of carbohydrate and lipid hydrolyzing enzymes. Thus, the obtained results provide solid experimental proof of the year-round utility of micropropagated plants as a standard source plant material of Blumea lacera (Burm. f.) DC. for drug research and therapeutic production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Gomphandra tetrandra (Wall.) Sleumer (leaves) belonging to the family Stemonuraceae was investigated for preliminary phytochemical screening and evaluating their pharmacological activities in various pharmacological models. Materials and Methods: The crude methanolic extract was screened with different chemical reagents for the qualitative detection of different phytochemical groups. The peripheral analgesic function was determined using the acetic acid-induced writhing procedure and sedative-hypnotic behaviors were assessed using hole-board, open field, and hole-cross tests using different doses of the extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight). Results: Phytochemical screening revealed that methanolic extract of G. tetranda leaves contains steroids, gums, mucilages, phytosterols, carbohydrates, and flavonoids. The crude methanolic extract at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses showed statistically significant activity in acetic acid-induced writhing inhibition test with 60% (p<0.01) and 76.47% (p<0.01) inhibition, respectively, compared to control. The extract also had dosedependent substantial (p<0.01) sedative-hypnotic activities compared with diazepam in the hole-board, open field, and hole-cross tests. Conclusion: It may be assumed that the methanolic leaf extract of G. tetrandra possesses a strong possibility of having analgesic and sedativehypnotic activity due to the presence of bioactive compounds in its leaves. Moreover, observed results have opened a new era of in-depth research to discover the possible mechanism of analgesic and sedative-hypnotic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sought to explore the nutritional composition, bioactive phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of exotic Archidendron pauciflorum fruit. Results exhibited that the non-edible portion (52.21%) of A. pauciflorum fruit was higher than the edible part (47.79%), which contained a significant amount of nutrients in terms of moisture (74.06%), protein (8.23%), ash (1.80%) with low TSS (6.50oBrix), total sugar (1.84%) and starch (6.32%). This fruit was found as highly acidic because of low pH (2.42) and rich in macro and micro mineral constituents. This study exposed that A. pauciflorum fruit was plentiful with different bioactive phytochemicals such as total phenolic, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, β-carotene, and anthocyanin. Among the six different phenolic acids identified and quantified, þ-courmaric and gallic acid were the leading acids contributing to the total polyphenolics of the fruit. Moreover, different antioxidant assays such as TAC, RPA, DPPH, FRAP, MCC and NO-RSA revealed that A. pauciflorum fruit extract had a great potential to fight free radical chain reactions and for usage in therapeutic applications. Apart from bioactive and antioxidant rich, the major informative findings of the study is, A. pauciflorum fruit carry out Ochratoxin A (2.50 μg/kg) and Patulin (20.0 μg/kg) due to their improper harvesting, rough handling, transportation and higher amount of moisture in the fruit. • Minerals. • Phytochemicals. • Antioxidants. • Mycotoxin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blumea laciniata (Roxb.) DC. is a folk medicinal annual herb of the Asteraceae family that grows in South and Southeast Asia. In order to evaluate its phytopharmaceutical potential against diabetic, obesity, and Alzheimer's, a comprehensive phytochemical profile, in vitro and in silico enzyme inhibitory activity against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, lipase, cholinesterases, and tyrosinase along with in vitro antioxidant activity were performed. Additionally, in vivo antidiabetic activity and acute toxicity were also evaluated. The total phenolic content in various organs follows the following order: old leaf > flower bud > young leaf > flower > young stem > old stem > root, while total flavonoids followed the order: flower bud > old leaf > young leaf > flower > young stem > old stem > root. The identified phenolic compounds are 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, syringic acid, rosmarinic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, catechin, catechol, (-) epicatechin, rutin, quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol, which are also expressed differently in various organs. Solvent extracts demonstrated strong antioxidant activity as well as varying levels of inhibition against the enzymes tested, with strong inhibitory activity against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase. Thirteen phenolic compounds displayed strong binding affinity in silico against studied enzymes, thus documented as bioactive. Furthermore, solvent extracts significantly suppressed blood glucose levels in mice with induced diabetes and extracts were not acutely toxic. The results suggest that Blumea laciniata (Roxb.) DC. could be a potential candidate for developing new phytopharmaceuticals and bioactive ingredients. [Display omitted] • Phytopharmaceuticals potential of Blumea laciniata (Roxb.) DC. assessed. • Solvent extracts contain a plethora of phenolic compounds detected by HPLC methods. • Bioactive compounds are expressed differently in various organs. • Different solvent extracts acted as antioxidants and enzymes inhibitor. • Solvent extract suppresses plasma glucose and is not acutely toxic in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Large scale micropropagation method of Blumea lacera (Burm. f.) DC. developed. • Maximum number of shoots achieved in MS + 3.0 mg/L BAP + 1.0 mg/L Kin medium. • Leaf superior over nodal explant for multiple shoot induction and proliferation. • Phenolic compounds detected by HPLC in regenerated plantlets retained integrity. • Fidelity of biological activity remain stable in regenerated plantlets. Blumea lacera (Burm. f.) DC. is an annually grown infallible medicinal plant that is used in many popular systems of traditional medicine but fresh plant material for medicinal uses and research purposes is critically unavailable year-round due to its very short life cycle. A micropropagation method of this medicinal plant ensuring fidelity of the bioactive compounds and bioactivity has thus been developed in order to maintain its year-round supply chain. In this regard, axillary multiple shoot regeneration from field grown nodal explant was established where the highest frequency (79.03 ± 0.04 %) induction of axillary multiple shoot bud organogenesis with the maximum number (13.60 ± 0.17 shoots/explant) of induced shoot bud was observed on MS + 3.0 mg/L BAP + 1.0 mg/L Kinetin medium. The induced axillary shoot bud exhibited the highest frequency (94.66 ± 0.33 %) of proliferation and elongation with the maximum number (32.16 ± 2.35) and length (7.28 ± 2.63 cm) of developed shoots/explant when sub-cultured in the same medium composition among tested media. The highest frequency (98.36 ± 0.85 %) of rooting with the maximum number (35.53 ± 1.53) and length (4.66 ± 1.72 cm) of root achieved on half-strength MS + 3.0 mg/L IAA medium. Explant suitability study found that in vitro grown leaf explants were superior over nodal explants for multiple shoot induction and proliferation. Leaf explants were collected from shoots that developed on MS + 1.5 mg/L BAP medium and cultured on MS + 3.0 mg/L BAP + 1.0 mg/L Kinetin medium. The cultures were maintained in the same medium composition following a subculture passages method for adventitious multiple shoot regeneration. A successive passage of subcultures achieved nearly 300 developed shoots/explant within 20 weeks. Regenerated plantlets retained all tested bioactive compounds and bioactivity properties like the donor plant thus maintaining medicinal fidelity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]