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Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult., commonly known as Indian sarsaparilla or Anantamul, is an ethnopharmacologically important medicinal plant from the family Apocynaceae. Biosynthesis of an array of bioactive compounds such as methoxybenzaldehydes and their derivatives has been accountable for its intensive medicinal attributes. Low seed setting, over-exploitation from natural habitat and a need for selection and preservation of elite germplasms yielding higher levels of bioactive compounds have led researchers to enquire the standardization of micropropagation techniques and quantitative estimation of phytochemicals from H. indicus. The present work aims to have a comprehensive account on micropropagation in H. indicus, a comparative estimation of biotic and abiotic factors, viz. elicitors and precursors playing a crucial role in H. indicus tissue culture, a critical appraisal of applied protocols to nullify embellished claims and a discussion on future perspectives. The review also highlights the comparative effect of different plant growth regulators as well as their combined role in rhizogenesis, callogenesis, base callus formation, callusing and somatic embryo–mediated indirect organogenesis, outcome of explant selection, contribution of abiotic (temperature, photoperiod, moisture, inorganic molecules) factors, role of carbon source, application of sterilization techniques and associated success rates, role of factors essential for acclimatization and secondary metabolite production, synthetic seed production and genetic transformation techniques. The compiled information along with individual study details, respective outcome and variability of reports will aid in proper assessment of cited standardized tissue culture protocols in H. indicus especially in relation to secondary metabolite production. Moreover, the assessment of applicability of different methodologies in this aspect will aid in the selection of high-yielding germplasms or chemotypes which is not only profitable for industrial application but also important for basic and applied preclinical and clinical research studies. Key points: • Critical and updated assessment on in vitro biotechnology in Hemidesmus indicus. • Biotechnological advancement via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. • Key shortcomings and future research directions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Traditional use of Psoralea corylifolia found in Ayurveda, Chinese and Korean medicine. • More than 150 bioactive compounds are isolated from P. corylifolia plant parts. • Some of its compounds, such as psoralen and isopsoralen, are known for their anti-psoriasis properties. • Many formulations of Psoralea corylifolia alkaloids are available in market. • Bakuchiol, one of its bioactive compounds, is a secure ingredient of cosmetics products. Psoralea corylifolia is a renowned medicinal plant in the arena of traditional herbal medicine. It has been extensively used in the treatment of various skin disorders, including psoriasis, vitiligo, eczema, leprosy and other maladies. P. corylifolia possesses anti-vitiligo, anti-microbial, oestrogenic, anti-tumor, anti-depression, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory properties, etc. which can be attributed to the presence of elite phytochemicals. The purpose of this study was to consolidate the information on traditional-medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, toxicity trials and commercial medicinal products of P. corylifolia. Data was gathered from various engines such as Pubmed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, etc. Information on the aforementioned topics from 266 references was meticulously organized and included in this review. A total of 155 bioactive compounds belonging to the chemical class of flavones, coumarins, meroterpenes, chalcones, stigmasterols, flavonoids etc., have been isolated from P. corylifolia plant parts. The main phytochemicals which are concerned with its anti-psoriasis property are psoralen, isopsoralen. Although the medicinal uses and safety of P. corylifolia extracts have been time-tested, more meticulous and in-depth studies regarding its bioactive constituents' extraction regimes, stability and activity (mode of action) are still required. Future research should also focus on clinical trials related to the dosage optimization of its extracts. We hope that this compendium will serve as an easy resource and encourage future research on P. corylifolia , for better healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food demand is expected to increase globally by 60–110% from 2005 to 2050 due to diet shifts and population growth. This growth in food demand leads to the generation of enormous agri-food wastes (AFWs), which could be classified into pre-consumption and post-consumption. The AFW represents economic losses for all stakeholders along food supply chains, including consumers. It is reported that the direct financial, social, and environmental costs of food waste are 1, 0.9, and 0.7 trillion USD/year, respectively. Diverse conventional AFW management approaches are employed at the different life cycle levels (entre supply chain). The review indicates that inadequate transportation, erroneous packaging, improper storage, losses during processing, contamination, issues with handling, and expiry dates are the main reason for the generation of AFWs in the supply chain. Further, various variables such as cultural, societal, personal, and behavioral factors contribute to the AFW generation. The selection of a specific valorization technology is based on multiple physicochemical and biological parameters. Furthermore, other factors like heterogeneity of the AFWs, preferable energy carriers, by-products management, cost, end-usage applications, and environmental legislative and disposal processes also play a crucial role in adopting suitable technology. Valorization of AFW could significantly impact both economy and the environment. AFWs have been widely investigated for the development of engineered added-value biomaterials and renewable energy production. Considering this, this study has been carried out to highlight the significance of AFW cost, aggregation, quantification, and membrane-based strategies for its management. The study also explored the satellite remote sensing data for Spatio-temporal monitoring, mapping, optimization, and management of AFW management. Along with this, the study also explained the most recent strategies for AFW valorization and outlined the detailed policy recommendation along with opportunities and challenges. The review suggested that AFW should be managed using a triple-bottom-line strategy (economic, social, and environmental sustainability). [Display omitted] • Diverse conventional waste management approaches are employed at production by farmer's end. • This review focus on agri-food wastes cost, aggregation, and strategies of its management. • GIS can be used for spatio-temporal monitoring, mapping, optimization and management of agri-food wastes. • This review also explore the most recent strategies for agri-food wastes valorization, opportunities and challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]