Search

Pomegranate peel (PP) is a by‐product in the processing of pomegranate products, which is usually discarded as a waste. However, a large number of researches have shown that pomegranate peel extract (PPE) is rich in a variety of phenolic substances, among which ellagic acid (EA), as one of the main active components, has significant biological activities, such as anti‐oxidation, anti‐tumor, anti‐inflammatory, neuroprotection, anti‐viral, and anti‐bacterial. We analyzed the mechanism of EA's biological activity, and discussed its application in the food industry, for instance, food preservation, food additives, and functional foods. Combined with the research status of PPE, we discussed the limitations and development potential of PPE, in order to provide theoretical reference and scientific basis for the development and utilization of pomegranate by‐products. Practical applications: Pomegranate peel (PP), the inedible part of the fruit, is usually treated as waste. In recent years, researchers have been committed to exploring various bioactive ingredients in PP and exploring its potential benefits to human health, which has far‐reaching significance. In this paper, the chemical constituents of polyphenols in PP were reviewed, mainly focusing on the biological activity and mechanism of ellagic acid (EA). We reviewed the applications and invention patents of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) in food field, including food preservation, food additive, and functional foods, providing reference for the recycling and reuse of PP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The new research progress on bioactivity and mechanism of grape seed extract. • Application of grape seed extract in the food industry. • Prospects of grape seed research. Grape seeds are rich in nutrients possessing high nutritional and medicinal value. Grape seed extract (GSE) mainly contains 15 phenolic compounds, such as (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, proanthocyanidin, gallate, flavonols and others. Several studies on GSE and its components indicated that it has pharmacological attributes, such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anticancer, neuroprotection, lowering lipid, bacteriostatic, and reduced blood pressure. This article reviewed the research progress on the bioactivity of GSE and its application in foods in order to provide a reference for future studies on the development and utilization of grape seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intestinal dysbiosis is one of the major causes of the occurrence of metabolic syndromes, such as obesity, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases. Polysaccharide-based microbial therapeutic strategies have excellent potential in the treatment of metabolic syndromes, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Identification of the internal regulatory mechanism of the gut microbiome and the interaction mechanisms involving bacteria and the host are essential to achieve precise control of the gut microbiome and obtain valuable clinical data. Polysaccharides cannot be directly digested; the behavior in the intestinal tract is considered a "bridge" between microbiota and host communication. To provide a relatively comprehensive reference for researchers in the field, we will discuss the polysaccharide extraction and purification processes and chemical and structural characteristics, focusing on the polysaccharides in gut microbiota through the immune system, gut-liver axis, gut-brain axis, energy axis interactions, and potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ultra-high pressure (UHP) could change the primary and spatial structure of polysaccharides. • UHP could enhance the content of uronic acid and the bioactivity of polysaccharides. • UHP treatment was more efficient than Sevage's method in removing protein. In this study, the changes of structure and bioactivity of polysaccharides from large leaf yellow tea (LYTP) were investigated under ultra-high pressure (UHP). Native yellow tea polysaccharide were treatmented with ultra-high pressure (200, 400 and 600 MPa) for 5 min to yield yellow tea polysaccharide including 200 MPa-LYTP, 400 MPa-LYTP and 600 MPa-LYTP. It was found that the monosaccharide composition of LYTP changed significantly after the ultra-high pressure treatment. The molecular weight (Mw) of 200 MPa-LYTP (from 563.6 to 11.7 kDa), 400 MPa-LYTP (from 372.2 to 11.8 kDa) and 600 MPa-LYTP (from 344 to 11.6 kDa) sharply decreased upon ultra-high pressure treatment compared with LYTP (771.5 kDa), coincidentally particle size was also significantly reduced for 200 MPa-LYTP (23.2 %), 400 MPa-LYTP (40.2 %) and 600 MPa-LYTP (25.9 %). The results of the scanning electron microscope showed that ultra-high pressure also changed the surface and spatial morphology of LYTP. LYTP after ultra-high pressure treatment (UHP-LYTP) could further ameliorate alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. In addition, UHP treatment can more efficiently remove protein than the Sevages method. With the gradual removal of protein, its hepatoprotective effect increased. These findings demonstrated that UHP treatment could change the primary structure and spatial structure of LYTP, increase the content of acidic polysaccharides, and improve its bioactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]