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The pharmacokinetic and metabolite profiles of mizagliflozin, a novel selective sodium glucose co-transporter 1 inhibitor designed to act only in the intestine, were investigated in rats. Mizagliflozin administrated intravenously (0.3 mg/kg) and orally (3 mg/kg) declined with a short half-life (0.23 and 1.14 h, respectively). The absolute bioavailability was only 0.02%. Following intravenous administration of [14 C]mizagliflozin (0.3 mg/kg), radioactivity in plasma was also rapidly declined. Up to 24 h after oral administration of [14 C]mizagliflozin (1 mg/kg), radioactivity was recovered in the faeces (98.4%) and in the urine (0.8%). No remarkable accumulation of radioactivity in tissues was observed using tissue dissection technique and whole body autoradiography. Orally dosed [14 C]mizagliflozin was mostly metabolised to its aglycone, KP232, in the intestine. In the plasma, KP232 and its glucuronide were predominant. KP232 glucuronide was also prominent in the bile and was recovered as KP232 in the faeces possibly because of the deconjugation by gut microflora. Mizagliflozin was observed neither in the urine nor the faeces. These findings suggest that orally administered mizagliflozin is poorly absorbed, contributing to low systemic exposure; if absorbed, mizagliflozin is rapidly cleared from circulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1.The non-clinical pharmacokinetic profiles of rovatirelin, a novel thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogue, were investigated in vivo and in vitro. 2.Rovatirelin orally administered to rats and dogs was rapidly absorbed and bioavailability was estimated to be 7.3 and 41.3%, respectively. The extent of plasma protein binding of rovatirelin in rats, dogs, and humans was low in all species (∼15%). The permeability of rovatirelin from blood to brain (permeability-surface area) ranged from 1.04 ± 0.14 to 1.29 ± 0.28 μL/min/g in rats, and rovatirelin was stable in rat plasma and brain homogenates. 3.The metabolite pattern was qualitatively similar in vitro and in vivo. In animals, rovatirelin aminopentanoic acid (rovatirelin-acid), rovatirelin aminopentanone (rovatirelin-ketone), rovatirelin pyrrolidine (4S)-hydroxy (rovatirelin-OH), (thiazoylalanyl)methylpyrrolidine (TAMP), 3-(4-thiazoyl)-L-alanine (TA), and unknown metabolites were observed. In human hepatocytes, TAMP was mainly formed and no unique human metabolite was observed. 4.The radioactivity from administered [14C]rovatirelin was predominantly excreted in faeces in rats and dogs, and almost all radioactivity was recovered 168 h after administration. Absorption, brain penetration, and stability of rovatirelin in the brain were greater than for taltirelin. 5.Thus, orally administered rovatirelin is a potentially improved treatment for spinocerebellar degeneration compared with taltirelin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]