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One new lactone derivative helicascolide F (1), one new pyrrolidine derivative talaromydine (2), along with six known compounds (3-8) were isolated from the fungus Talaromyces assiutensis JTY2. The structure of the new compounds 1 and 2 was determined by 1D and 2D NMR as well as by HRESIMS. The inhibitory activity of all compounds against six phytopathogenic fungi and three cancer cell lines was evaluated.

Two new flavanoids fissistiganoids A and B (1 and 2), together with two known pterocarpans derivatives (3 and 4), were isolated from the stems of Fissistigma tungfangense. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods. The absolute configurations of fissistiganoids A and B (1 and 2) were determined by comparing their ECD spectra with quantum-mechanics ECD calculations. The inhibitory activities of all compounds against three cancer cell lines HeLa, MCF-7 and A549 were evaluated. Compounds 1–4 showed moderate inhibitory effects on HeLa, MCF-7 and A549 cells with IC50 values ranging from 12.5 to 42.3 μM.

Two new naphthalene-chroman coupling derivatives, cladonaphchroms A (1) and B (2), along with four known compounds (3-6) were obtained from EtOAc extract of the mangrove-derived fungus Cladosporium sp. JJM22. Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibit antibacterial or antifungal activities.

Two new phenanthrene derivatives, 2,3,7-trihydroxy-5H-phenanthro[4,5-bcd] pyran (1) and 2,3-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-5H-phenanthro[4,5-bcd] pyran (2) together with four known phenanthrenes derivatives (3–6) were isolated from the aerial parts of Pholidota chinensis Lindl. The structure of the new compounds 1 and 2 was determined by 1D and 2D NMR, as well as HRESIMS. The inhibitory activities of all compounds against four cancer cell lines were evaluated. Compounds 1 and 3 showed the highest cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 cell lines (IC50 = 8.1 and 7.5 μM). The other compounds showed modest activities or were inactive.

Two new cephalochromin derivatives, prenylcephalochromin A (1), prenylcephalochromin B (2), along with cephalochromin (3) were isolated from the Alternaria sp. ZG22 obtained from a Dasymaschalon rostratum collected from the Hainan. The structures of two new compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1-3 showed ��-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Two new 2-arylbenzofurans derivatives sesbcanfuran A and B (1 and 2) together with six known 2-arylbenzofurans derivatives (3–8) were isolated from the stems of Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Poir. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods. The inhibitory activities of all compounds against three cancer cell lines were evaluated. Compound 2 showed the highest cytotoxicity against the MCF-2 (IC50 = 1.5 μM) and A549 (IC50 = 4.8 μM) cell lines. The other compounds showed modest activities or were inactive.

A new triterpenoid glucoside, leuctriterpencoside (1), along with two known compounds (2–3) were isolated from Leucas zeylanica. The structure of the new compound was elucidated using comprehensive...

Five undescribed triene derivatives, pinophols B-F (2-6), together with one known compound, pinophol A (1), were obtained from the mangrove endophytic fungus Penicillium herquei JX4. The structures of compounds 1-6 were elucidated using IR, HR-ESI-MS, and NMR methods. The absolute configurations of compounds 1-6 were confirmed by comparing their experimental or calculated ECD spectra. Pinophols C and D (3 and 4) showed inhibitory activities against LPS-induced NO production.

Scuteformoids A-J, ten previously undescribed neo- clerodane diterpenoids along with one known analogue, were isolated from petroleum ether soluable fraction of the whole plants of Scutellaria formosana . The differences among these compounds are the substituents and stereochemistry at C-13. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments, and the absolute configurations of Scuteformoids A, C, E, F, and I were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Scuteformoids A, C, D, F, H, and I were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against HIV lytic replication and cytotoxic activities. All of them showed weak anti-HIV activities, with EC 50 values ranging from 48.24 to 79.17 μg/mL.

The phytochemical investigation of the stems of Fissistigma maclurei Merr. led to the isolation of a new eudesmane-type sesquiterpene 6α,12-dihydroxy-4(15)-eudesmen- 1-one (1), together with seven known eudesmane-type sesquiterpenes (2–8) and four known aporphine-type alkaloids (9–12). The structures of these compounds were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods. All compounds were isolated from the F. maclurei for the first time. The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolates was also discussed.

A novel cyclopentenone derivative, talarocyclopenta A (1), a new phenolicethers derivative, talarocyclopenta B (2) and a new itaconic acid derivative, talarocyclopenta C (3) together with four known itaconic acid derivatives (4-7) were isolated from the Talaromyces assiutensis JTY2. Their structures were elucidated by the detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data. Among them, talarocyclopent (1) is the first represent an unusual type of cyclopentenone derivative, possessing a cyclopentenone unit, a 2-butanone unit and a 3-hydroxybutyric acid unit. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. Compounds 1-4 showed inhibitory activities against the nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. Compound 2 showed broad spectrum antibacterial against six terrestrial pathogenic bacteria.

Four series of double-ring conjugated enones were designed, synthesized and studied for the inhibition of synovial cell activity through the modification of Dysodensiol K core structure, double-ring, double-bond and double-carbonyl groups. For in vitro synovial cell assay of rats, compound 151 and 168 exhibited good inhibitory activities, with IC50 values of 2.71 ± 0.18 and 2.68 ± 0.16 μM respectively. At the same time, the LDH release and LD50 test results revealed that the target compounds were low cytotoxicity and acute toxicity. For in vivo CIA model test through the oral administration, compounds 151 and 168 were exhibited similar effect to positive control group methotrexate.

The phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Pteris morii Masamune led to the isolation of a new pterosin derivative pteririene A (1), together with seven pterosin sesquiterpenes (2–8). Structure elucidation of these compounds were performed on the basis of NMR spectral data and MS. All compounds were isolated from the P. morii for the first time. The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolates was also discussed.

The phytochemical investigation of stems of Fissistigma glaucescens (Hance) Merr. led to the isolation of a new aristolactam derivative aristolactam AIb (1), together with eleven known aristolactam derivatives (2–12). Structure elucidation of these compounds were performed on the basis of NMR spectral data and MS. Compounds 2–7 were isolated from the F. glaucescens for the first time. The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolates was also discussed.

Two new sulfur-containing iridoid glucosides saprosmosides J and K (1 and 2) together with seven known iridoid glucosides (3⿿9) were isolated from the stems of Saprosma merrillii. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods. The absolute configuration of 3 was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis for the first time. The absolute configuration 4 was determined by comparing CD spectra of 3 and 4. The inhibitory activities of all compounds against two cancer cell lines were evaluated.

The phytochemical investigation of leaves of Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel led to the isolation of a new monoterpenoid glycoside derivative melaleuoside (1), together with four known monoterpenoid glycoside derivatives (2–5). Structure elucidation of these compounds was performed based on NMR spectral data and MS. Compounds 2–5 were isolated from the genus of Melaleuca for the first time. Furthermore, we also discussed the chemotaxonomic significance of the isolates in this thesis.

Chemical study of the whole plant of Leucas zeylanica (L.) B. Br. has led to isolation of a new norditerpenoid isomer (1), along with 29 known compounds, including one norditerpenoid (2), three flavonoid glycosides (3–5), six flavonoids (6–11), two phytosterols (12–13), two phenylpropanoids (14, 19), two phthalate esters (15, 16), two phenolic compounds (17, 18), five terpenoids (20–24), one aliphatic glycoside (25), one nucleobase (26), one amino acid (27), two alkaloids (28–29), and one cytochalasin (30). The structures of these compounds were identified using NMR spectroscopic methods and comparing them with those previously reported. Twelve compounds (6, 15, 17–20, 22, 23, 26–29) were isolated for the first time from Leucas zeylanica and ten others (2, 4, 5, 7, 14, 16, 21, 24, 25, 30) from the Leucas genus. This study also discusses the chemotaxonomic relationships between Leucas zeylanica and other species of Leucas.

Three new methylated Δ8-pregnene steroids, stemphylisteroids A–C (1–3) were isolated from the medicinal plant Polyalthia laui-derived fungus Stemphylium sp. AZGP4-2. Their structures were elucidated by the detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compound 1 show antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli with the MIC value of 6.25 μg/mL, and 2 exhibited a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities against six pathogenic bacteria with the MIC values ranging from 12.5 to 50 μg/mL. The discovery of three methylated Δ8-pregnene steroids 1–3 are a further addition to diverse and complex array of methylated steroids.

Two new compounds (1 and 2), together with six known compounds (3–8), were obtained from the Cladosporium sp. JJM22, an endophytic fungus isolated from the stem bark of the mangrove plant Ceriops tagal collected in South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were confirmed by the comparison of optical rotation and the CD data with those of known compounds. The inhibitory activities of the isolated compounds against six terrestrial pathogenic bacteria and human cervical carcinoma Hela cell line were evaluated. Compound 3 exhibited a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities.

A new benzocoumarin derivative, dendrocoumarin (1), along with itolide A were isolated from the stems of Dendrobium nobile. The structure of the new compound 1 elucidated on the basis of NMR and mass spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 2 showed broad spectrum antibacterial activity against five terrestrial pathogenic bacteria.

Two new compounds penibenzophenones A-B (1–2), and the synthetic α,β-unsaturated amide alkaloid (E)-tert-butyl(3-cinnamamidopropyl)carbamate (4), newly identified as a natural product, alone with three known ones (3, 5–6) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the endophytic fungus Penicillium citrinum HL-5126 isolated from the mangrove Bruguiera sexangula var. rhynchopetala collected in the South China Sea. Compound 1 was a chlorinated benzophenone. The structures of 1–6 were elucidated by extensive NMR spectral interpretation, MS data and X-ray analysis. The new compound 2 displayed cytotoxic activity against human A549 cell lines with an IC50 value of 15.7 μg/mL, and 1 showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC value of 20 μg/mL.

Three new aristololactam derivatives, aristololactam W–Y (1–3), and three known compounds (4–6) were isolated from the fruits of Aristolochia contorta Bunge. Compounds 1 and 2 represent the first example of an N-CH2OCH3 aristololactam derivative from natural products. Their structures were elucidated by 1D/2D NMR and HRESIMS spectra. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their insecticidal activity against 4th instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. Compound 4 displayed insecticidal activity with LC50 value of 3.54 μg/mL.

One new alkaloid consanguine B (1), together with 10 known alkaloids (2–11), were isolated from ethanol extract of the branches and leaves of Polyalthia obliqua Hook.f. & Thomson collected in the Hainan Province, China. Their structures were elucidated by the detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities. Compound 1 showed weak cytotoxic activities against Hela and MCF-7 human cancer cell lines.

A new phenolic glycoside derivative, saproglucoside (1), along with five known phenolic glycoside derivatives (2–6) were isolated from the stems of Saprosma merrillii. The structure of the new compound 1 was determined by 1D and 2D NMR as well as by HRESIMS and hydrolysis. The inhibitory activities of all compounds against seven pathogenic bacteria and two cancer cell lines were evaluated.

A new phenolic glycoside dendroside (1), together with seven known compounds (2–8) were isolated from the stems of Dendrobium nobile. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods. The inhibitory activities of all compounds against three cancer cell lines HeLa, MCF-7 and A549 were evaluated.