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Photothermal therapy (PTT), as a minimally invasive and highly effective cancer treatment approach, has received widespread attention in recent years. Tremendous effort has been devoted to explore various types of photothermal agents with high near-infrared (NIR) absorbance for PTT cancer treatment. Despite many exciting progresses in the area, effective yet safe photothermal agents with good biocompatibility and biodegradability are still highly desired. In this work, a new organic PTT agent based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) coated micelle nanoparticles encapsulating a heptamethine indocyanine dye IR825 is developed, showing a strong NIR absorption band and a rather low quantum yield, for in vivo photothermal treatment of cancer. It is found that the IR825-PEG nanoparticles show ultra-high in vivo tumor uptake after intravenous injection, and appear to be an excellent PTT agent for tumor ablation under a low-power laser irradiation, without rendering any appreciable toxicity to the treated animals. Compared with inorganic nanomaterials and conjugated polymers being explored in PTT, the NIR-absorbing micelle nanoparticles presented here may have the least safety concern while showing excellent treatment efficacy, and thus may be a new photothermal agent potentially useful in clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]