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Investigation on effects of temperature and HRT on the anaerobic biodegradation of an industrial waste leachate was carried out to improve the performance of an unstable field anaerobic process operated at the ambient temperatures. Maximum biodegradable COD fraction of the leachate was 36% at the mesophilic temperature. Stable COD removal at 35 deg.C was at least 1.2 to 1.4 times higher than those at the ambient temperatures, depending upon HRT. Temperature increase of the field anaerobic process to the mesophilic range was believed to be a competitive and practical option for the performance improvement. (c) 1997 IAWQ. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]