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This study investigates the impact of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on the performance, combustion, and emissions characteristics of spirulina algae methyl ester biodiesel in a low heat rejection (LHR) engine. The cylinder head and piston of the engine are coated with a 200-micron layer of lanthanum aluminate. The results indicate promising outcomes with biodiesel in the LHR engine, showing improved thermal efficiency and reduced specific fuel consumption compared to conventional diesel engines. Tests have been conducted on B20, B20+25 ppm of MgO, and B20+50 ppm of MgO biodiesel blends with coated and untreated components. The coated piston with B20+50 ppm of MgO (LHR) demonstrate a 1.73% increase in brake thermal efficiency and a 7.2% decrease in specific fuel consumption compared to an untreated piston. Furthermore, the B20+50 ppm of MgO (LHR) in B20 experience a 5.9% reduction in-cylinder pressure and a 6.9% decrease in heat release rate. Additionally, the coated engine exhibit lower CO, HC, and smoke emissions from the biodiesel blends than the conventional engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In comparison to internal combustion engines, diesel engines are high thermal-efficient. However, the application of diesel engines is still dependent on fossil fuels. This fuel has limited availability and the effects are also very dangerous, especially its emission. Octagonal has been used as an alternative fuel to replace fossil-based diesel fuel. The purpose of this work is to explore the performance of the dual fuel engine-octagonal diesel. The performance test has been carried out by running the indirect injection engine that is modified to direct injection at 1500 rpm using four types of like diesel fuel, and diesel mixed with octagonal 2.5, 5 and 10%. The results show that there was an increasing effect of engine-indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) value and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) reduction when the engine is operated using octagonal diesel fuel blends. The emission of hydrocarbon (HC) tended to increase, while the emission of smoke and carbon monoxide (CO) decreased when the engine is operated using dual fuel-octagonal diesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiesels derived from microalgae oil promise to be an alternative for the conventional diesel fuel due to their similarity in properties. In this present work, Ce-Ru-O catalysts are used as an additive to the NOME in the form of an emulsion. A single-cylinder, four-stroke direct injection compression ignition engine is made to run on B20+CeO2, and B20 dozed with different dosage levels of Ce0.95Ru0.05O2, Ce0.9Ru0.1O2, and Ce0.8Ru0.2O2 microemulsions. Ce-Ru-O at different concentrations is used to study the effect of metal oxide on emission characteristics of the fuel. Experimental results show that addition of microemulsion has a positive effect on emission characteristics and also acts as an oxidation catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The petroleum fuels play a major role in industry, agriculture, and transport besides meeting out many other basic human needs. However, fossil fuels are limited in quantity and are depleting day by day as the consumption is increasing very rapidly. Biodiesel is one such fuel in which there is a lot of hope. In the recent past, biodiesel received considerable attention as a renewable fuel. In India, it has not been possible to produce biodiesel from edible oils since the same is very scarce. Hence, the scope of opting to non-edible oils from plants as raw material for biodiesel production recently gained momentum. This paper presents the production of biodiesel from nonedible, Neochloris oleoabundans oil and its characterization. The studies were carried out on transesterification of oil with methanol, sodium hydroxide, and Sodium methoxide as catalyst for the production of biodiesel. The process parameters such as catalyst concentration, reaction time, and reaction temperature were optimized for the production of Neochloris oleoabundans oil biodiesel. The biodiesel yield of 95.15% was noticed at optimal process parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this present work, corn oil biodiesel with La2O3was used as an additive with neat diesel fuel and blends were prepared. La2O3nanoparticles are dispersed in the emulsions with different dosage levels of 50, 75, and 100 ppm. A single-cylinder, four-stroke CRDI diesel engine is made to run on different fuel concentrations to study the effect of emission characteristics of the fuel. The test engine was operated under constant engine speed (1500 rpm) and different engine load test conditions. According to the experimental results, fuel blends with biodiesel fuel emission increases CO2and NOx and reduces the CO, HC, and smoke emissions compared with the B20 fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this study, Botryococcus braunii algal oil has been converted into methyl ester with the aid of transesterification reaction. The samples B20 were prepared for each methyl ester obtained from Botryococcus braunii algal oil separately and then the cerium oxide nanoparticles were added to each B20 blend sample at the dosages of 50, 75, and 100 ppm with the aid of an ultrasonicator. Moreover, in the absence of any engine modifications, the emission characteristics of those blend samples have been investigated from the experimentally measured engine exhaust emissions of CO, CO2, O2, NO, and UHC. The experimental results reveal that the use of biodiesel blend with nano additives in diesel engine has exhibited a reduction in exhaust emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable and clean energy options are to be explored to combat the unprecedented energy crisis and environmental pollution. It is felt that the stock of diesel is fast reducing and therefore alternate approach is imminent. An alternative that has received attention is the growth and harvest of microalgae for the production of biodiesel via extraction of the microalgae oil. Microalgae are accomplished of assimilating inorganic nitrogen and phosphorous from wastewater into the biomass. This research work focused on developing a technique of processing algal biomass. The single-step extraction technique developed is capable of extracting oil from algal biomass. Properties of biodiesel were compared with ASTM standards and it was found with high-quality biodiesel. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The role of additives for biodiesel has gained most reliable position in the current scenario as they reasonably formulate base fuel composition that contribute to efficiency reliability and long life of an engine. They also can have surprisingly large effects even when used in low (ppm) range. With the use of fuel additives for blending the biodiesel in compression ignition engine, one can expect diminished engine exhaust emission characteristics and also improved fuel properties, which could enhance the combustion characteristics. There are many reports based on the biodiesel blended with nanoparticles additive; however, there is a vacuum in the research pertaining to the use of the most common, low-cost, and eco-friendly CeO2nanoparticles as additive to prepare blended canola biodiesel fuel. Moreover, there are very few literatures available on the usage of CeO2blended biodiesel. In the present study, an attempt has been made to reduce and understand the engine emission of biodiesel blended with CeO2nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study was aimed at hybrid nanocatalysts to reduce emissions of a diesel engine fueled with nanocatalyst biodiesel blends. Biodiesel was produced fromProsopis julifloraoil by the transesterification process. The nanocatalyst having cerium oxide on multiwall carbon a nanotube was investigated using biodiesel blends at two concentrations (50 and 100 ppm).The results revealed that the high surface area of the nanoparticles and their proper distribution along with catalytic oxidation reaction resulted in significant overall reductions in the emission. More specifically, all pollutants, i.e., CO, HC, and NOx, and smoke opacity were reduced when compared to B20. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The present work is dedicated to study of diesel–biodiesel–ethanol blends in a diesel engine using addition of various concentrations of carbon nanowires. Algae oil from microalgae has the potential to become a sustainable fuel source as biodiesel. TheNeochloris oleoabundansalgal oil was extracted by mechanical extraction method. The transesterification reaction of algal oil with methanol and base catalyst was used for the production of biodiesel. Experimental investigation results were studied for various parameters, such as exhaust emission of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, oxides of nitrogen gases, smoke, and carbon dioxide. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The present work is dedicated to the study of diesel–biodiesel–ethanol blends in a diesel engine using carbon nanowires additives of various concentrations. Algae oil from microalgae has the possibility of becoming a sustainable fuel source as biodiesel. TheNeochloris oleoabundansalgal oil was extracted by the mechanical extraction method. The transesterification reaction of algal oil with methanol and base catalyst was used for the production of biodiesel. Experimental investigation results were studied for various parameters such as exhaust emission of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, oxides of nitrogen gases, and smoke. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this study, the rice bran oil (RBO) has been converted into methyl ester with an aid of transesterification reaction. Chemically, transesterification means conversion of triglyceride molecule or a complex fatty acid into alcohol and ester by removing the glycerin and neutralizing the free fatty acids. The B20 blend samples [80% diesel + 20% biodiesel] were prepared for each methyl ester obtained from RBO and then the cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles were added to the each B20 blend samples at a dosage of 50 ppm and 100 ppm with an aid of ultrasonicator. Moreover, in the absence of any engine modifications, the performance and emission characteristics of those blend samples have been investigated from the experimentally measured values such as density, viscosity, cloud point, pour point, and calorific value while the engine performance was also analyzed through the parameters like exhaust gas temperature (EGT), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), exhaust emission of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NOx). The experimental results reveal that the use of CeO2blended biodiesel in diesel engine has exhibited good improvement in performance characteristic and reduction in exhaust emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The bio-diesel industrial waste, Pongamia pinnata seed shell was utilized as a potential adsorbent for the toxic textile dye 'Reactive Red 2'. Preliminary information was gathered by batch mode contact time adsorption studies, which include effect of pH, contact time, dye concentration and temperature. Plausible mechanism of the on going adsorption process and thermodynamic parameters involved were obtained by carrying out kinetic measurements. To identify whether the on going process is particle diffusion or film diffusion, the treatment given by Boyd and Reichenberg was employed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]