Search

CTENOPHORICOLA MASANORII SP. NOV. Figs 2–7, Supporting Information (Movies S1–S3) lsid: zoobank.org:act: 4E29046B-899F-410C-8A46- C1E99F5E50E9 Material examined: Holotype: MNCN 16.01 /17896, off south-east Enoshima Island (Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan) on Beroe campana Komai, 1918, fixed in 4% formaldehyde buffered in seawater, preserved in 70% ethanol, 9 September 2013. Paratypes: MCZ 25325 & 25326 (two adults) and MNCN 16.01 /17894 (two juveniles), on Bolinopsis mikado Moser, 1908, 96% ethanol; MNCN 16.01 /17895 (six adults, one juvenile) on Bo. mikado, fixed in 4% formaldehyde buffered with seawater, preserved in 70% ethanol; MNCNM 16.01 /17898 (six adults, three juveniles) on Be. campana, 96% ethanol; MNCN 16.01 /17897 (four adults, two juveniles) and MNCN 16.01 /15342 (two additional adults used for SEM), fixed in 4% formaldehyde buffered with seawater. All collected off south-east Enoshima Island, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, 9 September 2013. Diagnosis: Species of Ctenophoricola with transverse pigmented bands, lightly coloured on dorsum and lacking marked caeca in gut. Description of largest individuals (adults?): Holotype (Figs 2A, B) 2.6 mm long (live, relaxed specimens up to 3 mm long), anterior and posterior regions 0.4 mm and 0.6 mm wide, respectively, excluding parapodia. Body small, cylindrical, somewhat dorsoventrally flattened on posterior half, with peristomium and 27 segments with parapodia, divided in two distinctly different regions (Figs 2A, 3A, 5 C-D), densely covered by short cilia (Figs 2 B-C, 3, 4). Translucent to yellowish in vivo (Fig. 5), with one reddish narrow transverse band dorsally on peristomium, sometimes with a pigmented band on each of the two most anterior segments (Fig. 2A, C) and on posterior region (Fig. 2A) segments; some reddish areas on laterals of some segments; other specimens without colour pattern (Fig. 5). Prostomium small, semicircular, without external eyes, with two minute, retractile palps distally ciliated, partially retracted inside peristomium (Figs 2A–C, 3B–C, 4B–D). Peristomium similar in length to subsequent segments, but narrower than chaetigers; a median, small, dorsal lobe on some specimens (Figs 2A, C, 4 B-C) often with two minute papillae (Figs 2A, C, 3B, 4D). Mouth covered by one dorsal and two ventral lips (Fig. 3 B-C). Pharynx cylindrical, everted in some specimens (Fig. 4B, D), unarmed, without papillae. Two conspicuous, anterior, interior lensed eyes, either dark reddish-brown or yellowish (e.g. in juveniles) (Fig. 5), internally reaching to segment 4–5 in preserved specimens (2–3 in vivo). Anterior region with 12–13 segments. Parapodia conical, with thin, internal acicula, without chaetae (Figs 2, 3A–D, 4B, D-E), with a small, indistinct, rounded, dorsal lobe, densely covered by cilia (Fig. 4E); ventral lobe similar (Fig. 3D); most anterior parapodia laterofrontally directed (Figs 2, 4B, D). Posterior region with 15 segments, distinctly wider than those of anterior region; sometimes with distinct clusters of large cells in larger individuals (Fig. 2A); parapodia larger and longer with internal slender acicula and a fascicle of few, thin capillary chaetae; dorsal and ventral lobes distinctly enlarged (Figs 2A, 3A, E-F, 4A) and lateroposteriorly directed. Gut straight, visible through body wall, distinctly wider in posterior region (Figs 1A, 5 C-D). Pygidium small with two rounded, short anal cirri. Description of smallest individuals: Minute specimens (c. 0.33 mm long), showing slightly bilobed prostomium, non-perceptible palps and a welldefined peristomium, with no sign of peristomial cirri. Anterior region with c. seven segments, with parapodia similar to those of adults; posterior region as a triangular bud showing traces of segments, but lacking parapodia. Gut is fully developed. External eyes not detectable (Fig. 6A). Specimens of c. 0.5 mm are similar to the samallest ones (i.e. 0.33 mm), with a more developed posterior region and distinct segments, but still lacking parapodia and traces of internal eyes (Figs 6B, 7 middle). Specimens of c. 1.2 mm, are more similar to the largest ones (adults?), with well-developed posterior parapodia, and yellowish internal eyes, but with posterior region (Figs 6C, 7 right, Supporting Information, Movie S3) not as distinct as in the largest specimens (adults?) parapodia. Behaviour: Ctenophoricola masanorii were observed feeding directly on the surface of the host by everting their pharynx and sucking from the epithelia and underlying mesoglea. They triggered a contraction of the affected area (Supporting Information, Movie S3) similar to that caused by the movement of other parasites (Supporting Information, Movie S2), suggesting they disturb the host. Locomotion of C. masanorii results from accordion-like contractions and extensions in which the anterior region extends, attaches to the ctenophore surface by parapodia and then is slowly contracted pulling the posterior region forward (Supporting Information, Movies S1 and S3). The worms were observed extending the anterior region out away from the host while the posterior region was still attached (Supporting Information, Movies S1 and S3), either to explore all of the available host surface before choosing a direction to head in or to find new hosts. Three specimens that may be regenerating or juvenile and subadult forms, appeared on the same ctenophore as adults (Figs 6–7); early (Figs 6A, 7 left) and later (Fig. 6B, 7 middle) regenerating/juveniles were found together with a specimen almost identical to the adult (i.e. subadult, Figs 6C, 7 right, Supporting Information, Movie S2). These small specimens seemed to have limited capacities either to maintain their attachment to the host or to float in the water column (Supporting Information, Movie S2). Thus, we suggest that some of these small specimens are able to hold on the same as the largest forms, whereas others detach and drift either until they encounter another host or they die in the water column. Type locality: South-east Enoshima Island, Japan. Habitat and distribution: On the surface of the ctenophores Bo. mikado and Be. campana. Known only from the type locality in Japan. Etymology: The species is named after Dr Masanori Sato, from Kagoshima University, a well-known and enthusiastic polychaetologist, who sent the specimens of the new species, together with the pictures and videos, and also provided the co-first authors with numerous and valuable syllids from Japan., Published as part of Martín, Guillermo San, Álvarez-Campos, Patricia, Kondo, Yusuke, Núñez, Jorge, Fernández-Álamo, María Ana, Pleijel, Fredrik, Goetz, Freya E., Nygren, Arne & Osborn, Karen, 2021, New symbiotic association in marine annelids: ectoparasites of comb jellies in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191

Syllis pectinans Haswell, 1920 Figure 19 Syllis (Typosyllis) pectinans Haswell, 1920b: 93, pl. 10, figs 3-6. Syllis pectinans. L��pez, et al. 1996: 113, fig. 4; San Mart��n 2003: 362, figs 196, 197. Typosyllis pectinans. Hartmann-Schr��der 1962: 27, figs. 47-51; 1965: 287; San Mart��n et al. 1985: 33, figs 7, 8; Licher 1999: 229, fig. 97. Typosyllis (Typosyllis) lincolnensis Hartmann-Schr��der, 1985: 67, figs 7-10; 1986: 39; 1987: 34; 1989: 20; 1990: 47. Material examined. AUSTRALIA. NEW SOUTH WALES: Port Jackson, 33�� 51���S, 151�� 16���E, syntypes AM W 509; Middle Harbour, Fairlight, 33�� 48' S, 151�� 16' 30" E, AM W.32041, 2 specimens, coll. 6 October 2005; Newport, 33�� 39' S, 151�� 19' E, AM W.32037, 2 specimens, coll. 22 July 2005; south Maroubra, 33�� 54' S, 151�� 12' E, AM W32046, 4 specimens, coll. 5 Feb 2006. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Jurien Harbour, 30�� 17' 19" S, 115�� 2' 39" E, AM W.48556, coll. in algae, intertidal, by Aguado & San Mart��n, 22 June 2008. Comparative material. Typosyllis (Typosyllis) linconlensis. Port Lincoln, Sleaford Bay (South Australia) algae, 3 December 1975, coll. and id. Hartmann-Schr��der, 3 paratypes, ZMH P-18377. Description. Longest complete specimen examined 6 mm long, 0.56 mm wide, with 65 chaetigers; up to 20 mm long when alive and relaxed (fide Haswell 1920b). Fixed specimens contracted, broad, but slender and elongated when alive (fide Haswell 1920b). Some of the examined specimens with a marked colour contrast; anterior part with densely distributed reddish-brown spots, and green-blue-grey pigment after proventricle, probably due to the presence of food particles inside the gut; however, some other specimens lack any colour pattern, others without colour pattern anteriorly but greenish food particles posteriorly and finally others with slender stripes on anterior segments; paratypes of T. (T.) licolnensis Hartmann-Schr��der, 1985 without colours marked. Prostomium more or less eliptical; 4 eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement, sometimes also 2 anterior eyespots. Palps similar in length to prostomium (Fig. 19 A). Median antenna arising in front of anterior eyes, almost on middle of prostomium, with 33���35 articles, slightly longer than combined length of prostomium and palps; lateral antennae shorter than median one, with about 25 articles. Peristomium shorter than subsequent segments (Fig. 19 A). Dorsal tentacular cirri slightly longer than median antenna, with about 28 articles; ventral tentacular cirri distinctly shorter than dorsal ones, with about 15 articles. Dorsal parapodial cirri elongated, alternating long, similar in length to body width, and short, with 30���32/25���20 articles (Fig. 19 A), and about 22���17 on mid-posterior segments; anteriormost dorsal parapodial cirri somewhat longer than dorsal tentacular cirri, with up to 36 articles. Parapodia distally bilobed (Fig. 19 A). Ventral parapodial cirri digitiform. Compound chaetae with blades unidentate, or very slightly bidentate with a minute proximal tooth, somewhat hooked, and long marked spines on margin, diminishing in length from basal to distal region (Fig. 19 B, D); shafts of posterior chaetae somewhat larger and smooth; blades of compound chaetae on anterior parapodia longer (about 23���22 ��m long above, 18���20 ��m long below) (Fig. 19 B) than those of posterior parapodia (about 18���20 ��m long above, 15 ��m long below) (Fig. 19 D). Anterior parapodia each with about 7 compound chaetae, posterior parapodia with 6 compound chaetae each. Dorsal simple chaetae on posterior parapodia only, relatively thick, unidentate or with minute proximal tooth and subdistal spines (Fig. 19 E). Ventral simple chaetae on far posterior segments only, slender, apparently unidentate and smooth (Fig. 19 G) (or slightly bidentate fide Haswell 1920b). Aciculae distally rounded, apparently hollow on tips (Figs 19 C, F), 3���4 on each anterior parapodium, solitary on each posterior one (Fig. 19 F). Pharynx extending through about 8 segments; pharyngeal tooth located on anterior third of pharynx, far away from anterior margin (Fig. 19 A). Proventricle through about 7���8 segments, with about 35 muscle cell rows. Pygidium with 2 anal cirri, with about 20 articles, and median stylus. Remarks. Haswell (1920b) stated that this species reproduces by means of sexual stolons, but the kind of stolon was not described. Habitat. In biogenic concretions (serpulids masses, vermetid reefs, calcareous algae, mussels), and in coarse sand; intertidal and shallow depths. Distribution. Widely reported through the Pacific Ocean (Australia, Chile, Panam��) and also in the Iberian Peninsula (Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts). In Australia it was reported in New South Wales, South Australia and Western Australia, but probably it is present all around Australia., Published as part of Mart��n, Guillermo San, ��lvarez-Campos, Patricia & Hutchings, Pat, 2017, The genus Syllis Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Australia (second part): four new species and re-description of twelve previously described species, pp. 201-243 in Zootaxa 4237 (2) on pages 231-233, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4237.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/343756, {"references":["Haswell, W. A. (1920 b) Australian Syllidae, Eusyllidae and Autolytidae. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 45, 90 - 112.","Lopez, E., San Martin, G. & Jimenez, M. (1996) Syllinae (Syllidae, Annelida, Polychaeta) from Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, W. Mediterranean). Miscellania Zoologica, 19 (1), 105 - 118.","Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1962) Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der chilenischen Pazifikkuste und der argenstinischen Kuste Sudpatagoniens unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Die Polychaeten der Eulitorals. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 60 (Supplement Volume), 57 - 169.","San Martin, G., Gonzalez, G. & Lopez-Jamar, E. (1985) Aspectos sistematicos y ecologicos sobre algunas especies de Silidos (Polychaeta: Syllidae) de las costas gallegas. Boletin del Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, 2 (2), 27 - 36.","Licher, F. (1999) Revision der Gattung Typosyllis Langerhans, 1879 (Polychaeta: Syllidae). Morphologie, Taxonomie und Phylogenie. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 551, 1 - 336.","Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1985) Teil 11. Die Polychaeten der antiborealen Sudkuste Australiens (zwischen Port Lincoln im Westen und Port Augusta im Osten). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 82, 61 - 99."]}

Syllis rosea (Langerhans, 1879) Figure 20 Ehlersia (Syllis) rosea Langerhans, 1879: 538, fig. 5. Ehlersia rosea. Langerhans 1881: 98. Langerhansia rosea. Imajima 1966: 259, text-fig. 52 a���m; Campoy 1982: 395, pls. 41���43. Langerhansia rosea curticirris Ben-Eliahu, 1977: 44, figs 18 a���h. Typosyllis rosea. Licher 1999: 44, fig. 21a���o. Syllis rosea. San Mart��n 2003: 358, fig. 194A���I. Material examined. AUSTRALIA, WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Kimberley, west side of Cassini Island, St. 59, 13�� 57' S, 125�� 37' E, AM W.48558, 1 specimen, 18 July 1988, coll. P. Hutchings; south side of North Slate Island, St. 5, 15�� 32' S, 124�� 24' E, AM W.48559, 2 specimens, coll. 9 July 1988, by P. Hutchings; Condillac Island, St. 54, 14�� 6' S, 125�� 33' E, AM W.48563, 5 specimens, coll. 16 July 1988 by P. Hutchings; Houtman Abrolhos, Beacon Island, Goss Passage, WA 511, 28�� 25' 30" S, 113�� 47' E, AM W.48560, 1 specimen, 10 m, coll. 18 May 1994; off south end of Long Island, Beacon Island, WA 539, 28�� 28' 48" S, 113�� 46' 18" E, AM W.48561, 18 specimens, coll. 4���5 m, May 1994; south end of Long Island, Beacon Island, WA 524, 28�� 28' 48" S, 113�� 46' 30" E, AM W.48562, 5 specimens, coll. 30 m, 22 May 1994; Goss Passage, Beacon Island, WA 511, 28�� 28' 48" S, 113�� 46' 30" E, AM W.48560, 1 specimen, coll. 10 m, 22 May 1994; Beacon Island, Goss Passage, WA 518, 28�� 25' 30"S, 113�� 47' E, AM W.48564, 9 specimens, coll. 8 m, 22 May 1994; Warnbro Sound, West of Penguin Island, 32�� 20���S, 115�� 43���E, AM W.29518, 1 specimen, coll. from reef substrate, algal sponge, 5 m, 21 March 1993 by P. Hutchings. NORTHERN TERRITORY: Darwin Harbour, off Nightcliff, Old Man's Rock, NT 318, AM W.48565, 2 specimens, coll. 17 July 1993. Description. Longest complete specimen examined 15 mm long, 0.175 mm wide, with 117 chaetigers. Body long and slender, filiform, without colour pattern; segments well marked, with deep intersegmental constrictions in midbody segments. Prostomium rounded; 4 eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement. Palps elongated, longer than prostomium (Fig. 20 A). Median antenna arising on middle of prostomium, with 18 articles, distinctly longer than combined length of prostomium and palps; lateral antennae about half of length of median one, with 12���13 articles. Peristomium distinctly shorter than subsequent segments (Fig. 20 A). Dorsal tentacular cirri shorter than median antenna, with about 14���15 articles; ventral tentacular cirri, with 10���11 articles. Dorsal parapodial cirri of chaetiger 1 long, with 20���21 articles, distinctly longer than body width (Fig. 20 A), subsequent dorsal parapodial cirri shorter than body width, with few articles, alternating in length, 13���10 articles on anterior segments (Fig. 20 A), 9���10 articles in midbody, with articles of different sizes (Fig. 20 B); dorsal parapodial cirri relatively thick, with numerous and distinctly coiled hyaline inclusions on articles (Fig. 20 B). Ventral parapodial cirri digitiform, shorter than parapodial lobes. Compound chaetae of anteriormost and posterior parapodia elongated, bidentate falcigers; after few anterior parapodia, blades of dorsalmost compound chaetae distinctly elongated, short spiniger-like, about 62 ��m long throughout, anteriorly bidentate (Fig. 20 C), becoming indistinctly bidentate to unidentate in midbody, with tip broad and rounded, (Fig. 20 F). Each anteriormost parapodium with 10 falcigers; anterior and midbody parapodia each with 1 spiniger-like and 4 falcigers, bidentate, with short to moderate spines on margin, 16 ��m long above, 9 ��m long below (Fig. 20 D); far posterior parapodia each with 1 spiniger-like chaeta and 2���4 falcigers, similar to those of midbody (Fig. 20 G); posteriormost parapodia with 4���5 falcigers. Dorsal simple chaetae on posterior parapodia only, truncate, slightly bifid, with few, short subdistal spines (Fig. 20 H). Ventral simple chaetae on far posterior segments only, bidentate, with short spines on margin (Fig. 20 I). Aciculae distally bent at right angle (Fig. 20 E, J), usually solitary, two aciculae in anterior parapodia of longer specimens. Pharynx extending through about 10 segments; pharyngeal tooth on anterior margin of pharynx (Fig. 20 A). Proventricle through 4���5 segments, with about 28���30 muscle cell rows. Pygidium with 2 anal cirri, with 10���11 articles, and median stylus. Remarks. The specimens from Australia agree well with the descriptions of S. rosea from other areas of the world, except in the tip of midbody spiniger-like chaetae of some specimens, which are markedly less rounded and broad than in specimens from other areas. However, the general characters of body, aciculae and chaetae agree perfectly with the accepted diagnosis of the species, so the difference observed is not considered to be important enough to describe a new species. Syllis rosea is very similar to S. erikae described above; both species have long and slender body, truncate dorsal simple chaeta, and posterior ���foot-like��� aciculae, as well as the same kind of stolon (Tetracerous) (not observed in Australian specimens but described from Mediterranean material, San Mart��n 2003); however, S. rosea has spiniger-like chaetae, which are lacking in S. erikae. Habitat. Biogenic concretions (calcareous algae, vermetid reefs, dead corals) algae, rhizomes of seaweeds, coarse sand, among mussels, corals and inside sponges (San Mart��n, 2003). Distribution. Eastern Atlantic, from NW of Iberina Peninsula to Canary Islands. Warm areas of the Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Pacific Ocean (Japan, Solomon Islands). Australia (Western Australia and Northern Territory). This is a new record for Australia., Published as part of Mart��n, Guillermo San, ��lvarez-Campos, Patricia & Hutchings, Pat, 2017, The genus Syllis Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Australia (second part): four new species and re-description of twelve previously described species, pp. 201-243 in Zootaxa 4237 (2) on pages 233-235, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4237.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/343756, {"references":["Langerhans, P. (1879) Die Wurmfauna von Madeira. Zeitschrift Fur Wissenschaftliche Zoology, 32, 513 - 592.","Langerhans, P. (1881) Ueber einige canarische Anneliden. Nova Acta Leopoldina, 42, 93 - 124.","Imajima M. (1966) The Syllidae (polychaetous annelids) from Japan (V). Syllinae (2). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 14 (4), 253 - 294.","Campoy, A. (1982) Fauna de Espana. Fauna de Anelidos Poliquetos de la Peninsula Iberica. Serie Biologica. EUNSA (Ediciones de la Universidad de Navarra, S. A.), Pamplona, 781 pp.","Ben-Eliahu, N. M. (1977) Polychaete cryptofauna from rims of similar intertidal vermetid reefs on the Mediterranean coast of Israel and in the Gulf of Eilat: Syllinae and Eusyllinae (Polychaeta Errantia: Syllidae). Israel Journal of Zoology, 26, 1 - 58.","Licher, F. (1999) Revision der Gattung Typosyllis Langerhans, 1879 (Polychaeta: Syllidae). Morphologie, Taxonomie und Phylogenie. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 551, 1 - 336."]}

Syllis albanyensis (Hartmann-Schr��der, 1984), n. comb. Figure 1 Typosyllis (Typosyllis) albanyensis Hartmann-Schr��der, 1984: 16, figs 16, 17, 18, 19; 1986: 37; 1987: 32; 1989: 19. Typosyllis albanyensis. Licher 1999: 145, fig. 65. Material examined. AUSTRALIA. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Typosyllis (Typosyllis) albanyensis ; Frenchman Bay, Albany (Western Australia); algae, sand and detritus, 21 Nov 1975; coll. and id. Hartmann-Schr��der; 3 paratypes (ZMH P-17880). NEW SOUTH WALES: 100 m north-west of Split Solitary Island, NSW 697, 30 �� 14' S, 153�� 10' 48" E, AM W.48570, 1 specimen, coll. 7 March 1992; Manta Reef, North West Solitary Island, NSW 481, 30 �� 1' 30" S, 153�� 16' 30" E, AM W.48571, 2 specimens, coll. 25 June 1992; Esmeralda Cove, Broughton Island, St. 2818, 32�� 37' 12" S, 152�� 19' E, AM W.48572, 4 specimens, coll. kelp holdfast, 11 May 1978, by P. Hutchings; Golf Course bommie, 500 m north-east of Ulladulla Head, 35�� 20' 28" S, 150�� 29' 12" E, NSW 1298, AM W.48568, 1 specimen, coll. 15 m, 2 May 1997; 50 m east of Burrill Rocks, NSW 1278, 35 �� 23' 24" S, 150�� 28' 10" E, AM W.48569, 3 specimens, coll. 1 May 1997. Comparative material. Typosyllis (Typosyllis) horrockensis Hartmann-Schr��der, 1982, Horrocks (Western Australia), 1 paratype (ZMH P-16480). Typosyllis (Typosyllis) pharynxcircumfusata Hartmann-Schr��der, 1979. Broome (Western Australia); Holotype (HMZ P-15471). Description. Longest complete specimen 6.5 mm long, 0.35 mm wide, with 87 chaetigers. Body relatively thick and short, with wide and short, well-marked segments, especially anteriorly, brownish, without colour pattern. Prostomium rectangular; 4 eyes in tapezoidal arrangement. Palps broad, similar in length to prostomium (Fig. 1 A). Median antenna arising in middle of prostomium, with about 16���18 articles, almost twice as long as combined length of prostomium and palps; lateral antennae shorter than median one, with 14 articles. Peristomium dorsally shorter than subsequent segments (Fig. 1 A). Dorsal tentacular cirri similar in length to median antenna, with about 15 articles; ventral tentacular cirri about 2/3 as long as dorsal ones, with 10 articles. Dorsal parapodial cirri relatively thick, shorter than body width, with well marked articles; distinct, large boomerang-shaped; inclusions inside articles of dorsal parapodial cirri, especially from proventricular segments (Fig. 1 A), alternating long and short, no marked difference of length, with 16/13 articles in midbody (Fig. 1 A). Parapodia conical (Fig. 1 A). Ventral parapodial cirri digitiform, shorter than parapodial lobes. Compound chaetae of anterior and midbody segments with 2 dorsalmost chaetae with distinctly longer blades, 32���34 ��m long, straight or slightly curved, bidentate with both teeth close, and moderate coarse spines on margins similar (Fig. 1 B, C) and 6���7 chaetae with shorter blades, 21���13 ��m long. more separated teeth, spines on margin not so coarse (Fig. 1 B, C), and dorsoventral gradation in length; blades shorter from midbody to posterior parapodia (Fig. 1 D); posterior parapodia with 5 compound chaetae, with blades 19 ��m long above, 14 ��m long below (Fig. 1 D); some specimens with chaetae with long blades also present to posterior part of body. Dorsal simple chaetae on posterior parapodia, distally truncate (Fig. 1 E), sometimes with subdistal and distal short spines (Hartmann-Schr��der 1984; fig. 19). Ventral simple chaetae on far posterior segments, sigmoid, bidentate (Fig. 1 F). Anterior parapodia with 2���3 slender aciculae each, distally rounded (Fig. 1 G), reducing to 1 in each midbody and posterior parapodia, distally ending in right angle (Fig. 1 H, I). Pharynx long, extending through about 11���13 segments; pharyngeal tooth elongated, conical, acute, on anterior margin of pharynx (Fig. 1 A). Proventricle similar in length to pharynx, through 11���13 segments, with about 27���30 muscle cell rows. Pygidium with 2 anal cirri, with 8���12 articles, and a median stylus. Remarks. This species is easily recognized by its truncate dorsal simple chaetae, aciculae distally bent in right angle (���foot-like���), compound chaetae moderately long blades, with both teeth very close to each other, and short, thick spines all reaching to the same level, and pharynx and proventricle both long, of similar length. Syllis albanyensis is similar to Syllis erikae (Hartmann-Schr��der, 1981), from Western Australia and redescribed below, but that species is distinctly slender and filiform, with a longer pharynx and shorter proventricle. Syllis edensis (Hartmann-Schr��der, 1989), from New South Wales, is also similar, but the dorsal cirri are longer, the blades of the dorsal compound chaetae are longer and more markedly curved, and the proventricle is shorter (see ��lvarez-Campos et al. 2015a). Syllis pulvinata (Langerhans, 1881), from the Canary Islands and the Mediterranean Sea, is probably the most similar species. However, there are some small differences in the compound chaetae, having coarser spines on margin in S. pulvinata, and some specimens of that species have 1���2 dorsal glands on the segments immediately posterior to the proventricle (Langerhans 1881; San Mart��n 2003); none of the examined specimens of Syllis albanyensis have them. Although the species resemble each other they can be distinguished on the basis of the thickness of spines on the compound chaetae and the presence or absence of the dorsal glands and also by their geographical distribution. The examined paratype of Typosyllis (Typosyllis) horrockensis Hartmann-Schr��der, 1982 is a broken, anterior part (without proventricle), and it is difficult to state the differences with Syllis albanyensis, but they seem to be different species, although probably close, as discussed by Licher (1999). The Western Australian species Typosyllis pharynxcircumfusata Hartmann-Schr��der, 1979 has very similar chaetae, but the dorsal cirri are shorter, tapered, and the proventricle is distinctly shorter; furthermore, that species has a unique structure in the anterior part of body, similar to a spherical cover, surrounding the anterior part of the pharynx (see Hartmann-Schr��der 1979), very conspicuous in the holotype. Finally, Syllis truncata Haswell, 1920, has similar chaetae, but with shorter blades and also a distinctly shorter proventricle. Habitat. Associated with kelp holdfasts, algae, sand and detritus. Distribution. Australia (New South Wales and Western Australia)., Published as part of Mart��n, Guillermo San, ��lvarez-Campos, Patricia & Hutchings, Pat, 2017, The genus Syllis Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Australia (second part): four new species and re-description of twelve previously described species, pp. 201-243 in Zootaxa 4237 (2) on pages 203-205, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4237.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/343756, {"references":["Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1984) Teil 10. Die Polychaeten der antiborealen Sudkuste Australiens (zwischen Albany im Westen und Ceduna im Osten). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 81, 7 - 62.","Licher, F. (1999) Revision der Gattung Typosyllis Langerhans, 1879 (Polychaeta: Syllidae). Morphologie, Taxonomie und Phylogenie. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 551, 1 - 336.","Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1982) Teil 8. Die Polychaeten der subtropischen - antiborealen Westkuste Australiens (zwischen Cervantes im Norden und Cape Naturaliste im Suden). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 79, 51 - 118.","Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1979) Teil 2. Die Polychaeten der tropischen Nordwestkuste Australiens (zwischen Derby in Norden und Port Hedland in Suden). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 76, 75 - 218.","Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1989) Teil 14. Die Polychaeten der antiborealen und subtropisch - tropischen Kuste Sudost - Australien zwischen Lakes Entrance (Victoria) im Suden und Maclean (New South Wales) im Norden. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 86, 11 - 63.","Alvarez-Campos, P., San Martin, G. & Hutchings, P. (2015 a) The genus Syllis Savigny in Lamark, 1818 (Annelida, Syllidae) from Australia. Molecular analysis and re-description of some poorly-known species. Zootaxa, 4052 (2), 297 - 331. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4052.3.2","Langerhans, P. (1881) Ueber einige canarische Anneliden. Nova Acta Leopoldina, 42, 93 - 124."]}

Syllis macrodentata (Hartmann-Schr��der, 1982), n. comb. Figures 10, 11 Typosyllis (Typosyllis) macrodentata Hartmann-Schr��der, 1982: 60, figs 22���25; 1983: 128, figs 4���8; 1984: 15; 1986: 39; 1987: 35; 1989: 21; 1990: 47. Typosyllis macrodentata. Licher 1999: 96, in part, excluding Typosyllis (Typosyllis) macropectinans Hartmann-Schr��der, 1982. Material examined. AUSTRALIA, WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Guilderton, 1 Paratype HZM P���16757, coll. in brown algae and Corallina, coll. 26 October 1975, id. G. Hartmann ��� Schr��der; Denmark, Ocean Beach, HZM P��� 17578, 2 specimens, coll. in brown algae, and id. G. Hartmann-Schr��der. SOUTH AUSTRALIA: Pondalowie & Marion Bays, Yorke Peninsula, 34�� 14.5��� S, 50�� E, AM W.45819, 14 specimens; Caulerpa & green algae, 3 m, coll. I. Loch, 22 February 1985, one mounted for SEM, AM W.45818. NEW SOUTH WALES: Lake Macquarie, HZM P���20023, 1 specimen, in amongst algae, coll. & id. G. Hartmann���Schr��der. Comparative material. Typosyllis (Typosyllis) macropectinans. WESTERN AUSTRALIA, Guilderton, brown algae and Corallina, 26 Oct 1975, holotype, HZM P���16755. Augusta, Saige Bay, 13 November 1975, coll. & id. Hartmann���Schr��der, 1 specimen, HZM P���17505. NEW SOUTH WALES. South of Tathra, North Kianinny Gutter, from vertical rock face just above carbonate sand channel, 36�� 43' 59" S, 149�� 59' 16" E, 10 m depth, Halopteris platycera, 16 March 2004, coll. A.J. Millar, J. Eu & S.J. Keable, AM W.41628, 1 specimen; North of Batemans Bay, south side of Grasshopper Island, 35�� 37' 57" S, 150�� 19' 57" E, 16 m depth, Jania natalensis, 14 March 2004, coll. A.J. Millar, J. Eu & S.J. Keable, AM W.41626, 5 specimens; mouth of Batemans Bay, northwest side of Tollgate Islands, hard platform with occasional rocks and low reefs, 35�� 44' 44" S, 150�� 15' 31" E, 12 m depth, Halopteris platycera, 13 March 2004, coll. A.J. Millar, J. Eu & S.J. Keable, AM W.41597, 1 specimen. Description. Longest complete specimen 6 mm long (up to 6.8 mm fide Licher 1999), 0.3 mm wide, with 86 chaetigers. Body relatively short and wide, preserved specimen without colour pattern. Prostomium oval; 4 eyes in trapezoidal arrangement. Palps similar in length to prostomium (Figs 10 A, 11B). Median antenna arising between the posterior eyes, with about 18 articles, similar in length to combined length of prostomium and palps; lateral antennae shorter than median one, with about 10 articles. Peristomium shorter than subsequent segments (Figs 10 A, 11A). Dorsal tentacular cirri similar in length to median antenna, with about 17 articles; ventral tentacular cirri with 12���14 articles. Dorsal parapodial cirri shorter than body width, coiled over dorsum (Fig. 10 A), most anterior ones longer than dorsal tentacular cirri, with about 33 articles (chaetiger 1); alternating long (26���28 articles) and short (20���23) dorsal parapodial cirri; articles with iridescent inclusions inside. Parapodia conical, distally truncated, with a posterior small lobe (Fig. 10 A). Ventral parapodial cirri digitiform, shorter than parapodial lobes. Compound chaetae with short, triangular, bidentate blades, with proximal tooth smaller than distal one, and long, coarse spines on margin, somewhat curved, with bent tips, similar throughout body (Figs 10 B��� D, 11B). Anterior parapodia with about 10 compound chaetae each, with blades 20 ��m long above and 15���16 ��m long below (Fig. 10 B); midbody parapodia with 7���9 compound chaetae each, with blades 20 ��m long above and 15 ��m long below (Figs 10 C, 11B); posterior parapodia with 4���7 compound chaetae each, with blades similar in shape and size to midbody ones (Fig. 10 D). Dorsal simple chaetae on posterior parapodia only (from midbody in small specimens), relatively thick, distally markedly bifid (Fig. 10 E). Ventral simple chaetae on far posterior segments only, slender, smooth, bidentate with proximal tooth shorter than distal one (Fig. 10 G). Aciculae slender, distally rounded, slightly oblique, 2���3 in each anterior parapodium, solitary in each posterior parapodium (Fig. 10 F). Pharynx extending through about 6 segments (somewhat contracted in examined specimens); pharyngeal tooth oval, on anterior margin of pharynx (Fig. 10 A). Proventricle slender, elongated, through about 6 segments (shorter in small specimens), with about 28���30 muscle cell rows. Pygidium with two anal cirri, with about 20 articles, and a median stylus. Remarks. The examination of the holotype (HZM P���16755) and of several specimens in the AM identified as Typosyllis (Typosyllis) magnipectinans Hartmann-Schr��der, 1982 shows that they are different species. Both species have different colour pattern, being red to orange in T. magnipectinans, with short pharynx, indistinctly articulated dorsal parapodial cirri, and compound chaetae with hooked blades and long, straight spines on margin of blades. Habitat. Algae in shallow depths. Distribution. Only reported from Australia (Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales)., Published as part of Mart��n, Guillermo San, ��lvarez-Campos, Patricia & Hutchings, Pat, 2017, The genus Syllis Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Australia (second part): four new species and re-description of twelve previously described species, pp. 201-243 in Zootaxa 4237 (2) on pages 219-220, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4237.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/343756, {"references":["Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1982) Teil 8. Die Polychaeten der subtropischen - antiborealen Westkuste Australiens (zwischen Cervantes im Norden und Cape Naturaliste im Suden). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 79, 51 - 118.","Licher, F. (1999) Revision der Gattung Typosyllis Langerhans, 1879 (Polychaeta: Syllidae). Morphologie, Taxonomie und Phylogenie. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 551, 1 - 336."]}

Syllis lunaris (Imajima, 1966), n. comb. Figure 8 Typosyllis lunaris Imajima, 1966: 282, fig. 61 a���n; Licher 1999: 246, fig. 104 a���c. Syllis (Typosyllis) lunaris minima Ben-Eliahu, 1977: 26, figs 9 a���j. Material examined. AUSTRALIA, WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Kimberley Site 50, East Montalivet Island, 15�� 6' S, 125�� 18' E, AM W.48536, 1 specimen, coll. 0 ��� 6 m, 15 July 1988, by P. Hutchings; Houtman Abrolhos, Beacon Island, Goss Passage, 28�� 25' 30" S, 113�� 47' E, AM W.48535, 2 specimens, coll., 19 May 1994. Description. Longest complete specimen 7 mm long, 0.26 mm wide, with 59 chaetigers. Body slender, dark, with two thin, light transverse lines on each anterior segment, disappearing after proventricular segments. Prostomium almost circular; 4 eyes in trapezoidal arrangement and 2 anterior eyespots. Palps similar in length to prostomium (Fig. 8 A). Median antenna arising between posterior eyes, with about 22 articles, distinctly longer than combined length of prostomium and palps; lateral antennae shorter than median one, with about 16 articles; median antenna distinctly thicker than lateral ones. Peristomium shorter than subsequent segments, forming a dorsal fold covering the posterior median part of prostomium (Fig. 8 A). Dorsal tentacular cirri similar in length to median antenna, with about 20 articles; ventral tentacular cirri about half as long as dorsal ones, with 10���12 articles. Dorsal parapodial cirri of anterior segments distinctly longer than body width; dorsal parapodial cirri of chaetigers 1, 3, 4, 6, 9 distinctly longer and thicker, with 35, 37, 34, 31, 31 articles, respectively (Fig. 8 A); remaining anterior dorsal parapodial cirri shorter and slender, with 18���20 articles; from proventricular segments, dorsal parapodial cirri alternating long cirri thick but not as much as anteriormost ones, with about 20 articles and short cirri, with about 10 articles (Fig. 8 B). Dorsal cirri dark, with numerous inclusions inside articles. Parapodia distally slightly bilobed. Ventral parapodial cirri digitiform, shorter than parapodial lobes. Compound chaetae with bidentate blades, proximal tooth shorter than distal one, and short spines on margin, being almost smooth on posterior parapodia (Fig. 8 D, E, F); shafts smooth and gradually thicker from midbody to posterior parapodia (Fig. 8 E, F). Anterior parapodia with 12���13 compound chaetae each, with blades somewhat elongated, 29���30 ��m long above, 12���13 ��m long below (Fig. 8 D); midbody parapodia with 9���11 compound chaetae, with blades 25 ��m long above, 17 ��m long below (Fig. 8 E); posterior parapodia with 8���9 compound chaetae each, with blades short and triangular, 21 ��m long above, 13 ��m long below (Fig. 8 F). Dorsal simple chaetae on posterior parapodia only, bidentate, with both teeth similar and few short subdistal spines (Fig. 8 G). Ventral simple chaetae only on far posterior segments, similar to dorsal ones but smooth (Fig. 8 H). Anterior parapodia with 2���3 aciculae each, distally acute, one more slender than the other (Fig. 8 I), two aciculae in each midbody parapodium, similar to anterior ones (Fig. 8 J), and one solitary acicula in each posteriormost parapodium, being large, distally acute with slightly oblique tip (Fig. 8 K), slightly protruding from parapodial lobes. Pharynx extending through about 10 segments; pharyngeal tooth on anterior margin of pharynx (Fig. 8 A). Proventricle through 6���7 segments, with about 37 muscle cell rows. Pygidium with 2 anal cirri, with 21���23 articles (Fig. 8 C). Remarks. The Australian specimens differ from the original description of Syllis lunaris from Japan in being smaller in size and in having an apparently different colour pattern, dorsally brown with a median oval white spot on anterior segments (Imajima 1966); however the colouration pattern can disappear or be modified in alcohol after long time term storage; both populations have the characteristic anterior long and thick dorsal cirri alternating with shorter and slender ones, and the compound chaetae and aciculae are also very similar. The reproduction of this species is by means of dicerous stolons (fide Imajima 1966, fig. 61n). Habitat. Vermetid reefs, dead corals. Distribution. Japan, Red Sea, Australia (Western Australia)., Published as part of Mart��n, Guillermo San, ��lvarez-Campos, Patricia & Hutchings, Pat, 2017, The genus Syllis Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Australia (second part): four new species and re-description of twelve previously described species, pp. 201-243 in Zootaxa 4237 (2) on page 216, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4237.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/343756, {"references":["Imajima M. (1966) The Syllidae (polychaetous annelids) from Japan (V). Syllinae (2). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 14 (4), 253 - 294.","Licher, F. (1999) Revision der Gattung Typosyllis Langerhans, 1879 (Polychaeta: Syllidae). Morphologie, Taxonomie und Phylogenie. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 551, 1 - 336.","Ben-Eliahu, N. M. (1977) Polychaete cryptofauna from rims of similar intertidal vermetid reefs on the Mediterranean coast of Israel and in the Gulf of Eilat: Syllinae and Eusyllinae (Polychaeta Errantia: Syllidae). Israel Journal of Zoology, 26, 1 - 58."]}

Syllis boggemanni n. sp. Figures 2, 3 Material examined. AUSTRALIA, WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Kimberleys, Shirley Island, 16° 17' S, 123° 26' E, holotype, AM W.48526, coll. 26 July 1988, by Pat Hutchings. Description. Holotype incomplete, lacking most posterior segments, 11 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, with 58 chaetigers. Body large, robust, without colour pattern. Prostomium oval; 4 eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement and 2 minute anterior eyespots, difficult to see. Palps somewhat ventrally folded, similar in length to prostomium (Fig. 2 A). Median antenna arising slightly in front of posterior pair of eyes, with about 30 articles, distinctly longer than combined length of prostomium and palps; lateral antennae much shorter than median one, with 20–22 articles. Peristomium slightly shorter than subsequent segments (Fig. 2 A). Dorsal tentacular cirri similar in length to median antenna, with about 24 articles; ventral tentacular cirri about half as long as dorsal ones, with 20 smaller articles. Dorsal parapodial cirri elongated, whip-shaped, alternating in midbody long cirri, slightly longer than body width, with about 42–50 articles, and short cirri, somewhat shorter than body width, with about 30 articles (Fig. 2 A, B); cirrophores well developed, dorsal cirri dark, articles filled up with spiralized inclusions. Parapodia conical, distally bilobed. Ventral parapodial cirri digitiform. Compound chaetae including spiniger-like and falcigers on each parapodium (Fig. 3 A–F); blades and shafts slender on anterior segments becoming longer gradually from midbody to posterior parapodia (Fig. 3 A–F). Spiniger-like chaetae with bidentate blades, both teeth similar and close to each other, short spines on margin, except for distalmost 1–2 spines, which reach level of proximal tooth (Fig. 3 A, C, E). Falcigers with moderate to long spines on margin, especially 2–3 distalmost ones, reaching and even surpassing level of proximal tooth; bidentate, with proximal tooth slightly longer than distal one from midbody parapodia (Fig. 3 B, D, F). Anterior parapodia each with 4–5 spiniger-like chaetae, blades 87–84 µm long, and numerous falcigers, about 12, with blades 38 µm long above, 30 µm long below (Fig. 3 A, B); each midbody parapodium with 2 spiniger-like, blades about 90 µm long, and 5–6 falcigers with blades 54 µm long above, 31 µm long below (Fig. 3 C, D); each posterior parapodium with 1–2 spiniger-like chaetae, blades 107 µm long, and 8 falcigers, with blades 48–50 µm long above, 30–32 µm long below (Fig. 3 E, F). Dorsal and ventral simple chaetae not seen. Anterior parapodia with 4 slender aciculae (Fig. 3 G), 3 at midbody parapodia (Fig. 3 H), and 2 in posterior parapodia, straight, distally pointed, not protrudingfrom parapodial lobes (Fig. 3 I). Pharynx extending through about 12 segments; pharyngeal tooth on anterior margin of pharynx (Fig. 2 A). Proventricle long, through 14 segments, with about 58 muscle cell rows. Pygidium unknown. Remarks. Syllis boggemanni, n. sp. is characterized by its large size, with a long proventricle, and the compound chaetae, including spiniger-like and falcigers; teeth of spiniger-like blades are very close to each other, and teeth of falciger blades are unequal, with proximal tooth longer than distal one in midbody and posterior parapodia. Also, the spines on margin of midbody and posterior falcigers are long, distally curved, with 2–3 distalmost slender and long. Spiniger-like chaetae are very similar to those of Syllis cornuta Rathke, 1843 (from the NE Atlantic and Arctic) but in this species these chaetae lack the distal long spines, and also the falcigers are different, with short spines on margin of blades (see Licher 1999). Among other species with spiniger-like chaetae, S. hyllebergi (Licher, 1999) (from the Red Sea and Brazil, see Licher 1999; Nogueira & San Martín 2002) and S. silkeae (Licher, 1999) (from Taiwan) have similar falcigers, but they lack the long distal spines present in S. boggemanni n. sp.; moreover, these species have shorter dorsal cirri. Syllis yallingupensis (Hartmann-Schröder, 1982), also from Australia, is similar in having spiniger-like chaetae and falcigers with long distal spines on margin, but there are several other differences (see redescription of this species below). S. lutea (Hartmann- Schröder, 1960) (circumtropical) (see redescription of this species, below), S. jorgei San Martín & López, 2000 (Western Mediterranean), S. glarearia (Westheide, 1974) (Galápagos Islands), and other species (see Licher, 1999 and San Martín, 2003) have similar falcigers, but they all lack spiniger-like chaetae. Finally, Syllis pilosa Aguado, San Martín & Nishi, 2008, from Japan, has shorter dorsal cirri, dorsal ciliary bands, different aciculae and lacks distal spines on chaetae (see Aguado et al. 2008). Etymology. The species is named in honor of Dr. Markus Böggemann, Osnabrück University, Germany, for his great contribution to the knowledge of some families of polychaetes, among which are the Syllidae. Habitat. Dead coral substrate in shallow waters. Distribution. Australia (Western Australia).

Syllis khronii Ehlers, 1864 Figure 7 Syllis krohnii Ehlers, 1864: 233, pl. 10, figs 1���4. San Mart��n 2003: 386, figs 211, 212. Typosyllis (Syllis) krohnii. Langerhans 1879: 529, fig. 2. Typosyllis krohnii. Langerhans 1881: 102. Campoy 1982: 430, pls 53, 54. Typosyllis krohni. Licher 1999: 205, pl. 87. Syllis (Typosyllis) krohnii. Fauvel 1923: 259, figs 96 a���e. Typosyllis (Typosyllis) krohni. Hartmann-Schr��der 1991: 28 (in part). Material examined. AUSTRALIA, QUEENSLAND: Heron Island, North Reef, coralline sand, 4 February 1976, coll. and id. G. Hartmann-Schr��der, HZM P-21006, 13 specimens. Additional material. NEW ZEALAND: Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition, 2011: Kermadec Islands, Raoul Island, ��� Fishing Rock ��� landing, 29�� 15' 03" S, 177�� 54' 12" W, algal turf, 1 m, 18 May 2011, AM W.42886, 7 specimens. SPAIN. Nerja, M��laga, calcareous algae, 14 June 1983, MNCN 16.01 /8180, 1 specimen. Description. Longest Australian specimen, complete, 25 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, with 84 chaetigers. Body robust, large; without colour in examined Australian specimens. Prostomium oval; 4 eyes in trapezoidal arrangement. Palps robust, slightly longer than prostomium (Fig. 7 A). Median antenna arising slightly in front of posterior eyes, with about 25 articles, slightly longer than combined length of prostomium and palps; lateral antennae about 2/3 the length of median one, with about 18 articles. Peristomium slightly shorter than subsequent segments (Fig. 7 A). Dorsal tentacular cirri similar in length to median antenna, with about 25 articles; ventral tentacular cirri about 2/3 as long as dorsal ones. Dorsal parapodial cirri of anterior segments alternating long, thick, inflated, with numerous short articles, and shorter, not inflated, with fewer articles (Fig. 7 A); dorsal parapodial cirri of chaetigers 1, 3, 6 markedly inflated, with about 50, 35, and 33 articles respectively. Anterior non inflated dorsal parapodial cirri shorter than body width, with 20���25 articles. Remaining dorsal parapodial cirri relatively short, alternating longer and shorter. Ventral parapodial cirri digitiform. Compound chaetae heterogomph falcigers, slightly bidentate anteriorly (Fig. 7 B), becoming almost unidentate progressively in midbody (Fig. 7 C) and clearly unidentate in posterior parapodia (Fig. 7 D); shafts gradually thicker as more posterior, with a more pronounced ���spur���, especially in ventral ones (Fig. 7 B���D). Anterior parapodia each with 18 compound chaetae, blades 36 ��m long above, 26 ��m long below (Fig. 7 B); midbody parapodia with 12 compound chaetae each, blades 33 ��m long above, 28 ��m long below (Fig. 7 C); posterior parapodia with 9���10 compound chaetae each, with blades 32 ��m above, 27 ��m below (Fig. 7 D). Dorsal and ventral simple chaetae not seen. Each anterior parapodium with 6���7 aciculae (Fig. 7 E), number diminishing progressively backwards to 4 in midbody (Fig. 7 F), and 2 in posteriormost parapodia, one acute and the other distally blunt (Fig. 7 G). Pharynx wide, extending through about 7 segments; large pharyngeal tooth near anterior margin of pharynx (Fig. 7 A). Proventricle through 9���10 segments, with about 32���36 muscle cell rows. Pygidium with 2 anal cirri, and a median stylus. Remarks. This species is characterized by having long, inflated dorsal cirri alternating with normal, noninflated, dorsal cirri on anterior segments, posterior compound chaetae unidentate (occasionally some slightly bidentate) and somewhat hooked, with enlarged shafts; and a distinct colour pattern of transversal red bands on anterior segments (Fauvel 1923; San Mart��n 2003), not seen in Australian specimens. Colour can be easily lost after fixation and so, we confirm Hartmann-Schr��der���s report of this species in Australia (except for one of the specimens, see ��lvarez-Campos et al. 2015a). The most similar species in the Pacific is Syllis setoensis (Imajima, 1966), from Japan, Indonesia, New Zealand and Australia, but this species has posterior compound chaetae bidentate, and a few with unidentate blades (see ��lvarez-Campos et al. 2015a). Habitat. Widely distributed in different habitats: algae, seaweeds, coralline crustose algae, sand, from intertidal to sublittoral. Distribution. North Atlantic Ocean, from the North Sea to South Africa. Mediterranean Sea. Also reported from the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, NE Australia, New Zealand. Scale bars: A: 0.4 mm. B���G: 20 ��m., Published as part of Mart��n, Guillermo San, ��lvarez-Campos, Patricia & Hutchings, Pat, 2017, The genus Syllis Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Australia (second part): four new species and re-description of twelve previously described species, pp. 201-243 in Zootaxa 4237 (2) on pages 214-215, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4237.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/343756, {"references":["Ehlers, E. (1864) Die Borstenwurmer (Annelida Chaetopoda) nach Systematischen und anatomischen Untersuchungen. Wilhelm Engelmann. Leipzig, 270 pp.","Langerhans, P. (1879) Die Wurmfauna von Madeira. Zeitschrift Fur Wissenschaftliche Zoology, 32, 513 - 592.","Langerhans, P. (1881) Ueber einige canarische Anneliden. Nova Acta Leopoldina, 42, 93 - 124.","Campoy, A. (1982) Fauna de Espana. Fauna de Anelidos Poliquetos de la Peninsula Iberica. Serie Biologica. EUNSA (Ediciones de la Universidad de Navarra, S. A.), Pamplona, 781 pp.","Licher, F. (1999) Revision der Gattung Typosyllis Langerhans, 1879 (Polychaeta: Syllidae). Morphologie, Taxonomie und Phylogenie. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 551, 1 - 336.","Fauvel, P. (1923) Polychetes Errantes. Faune de France 5. Le Chevalier Eds, Paris, 486 pp.","Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1991) Teil 16. Die Polychaeten der subtropisch - tropischen bis tropischen Ostkuste Australiens zwischen Maclean (New South Wales) und Gladstone (Queensland) sowie von Heron Island (Grobes Barriere - Riff). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 88, 17 - 71.","Alvarez-Campos, P., San Martin, G. & Hutchings, P. (2015 a) The genus Syllis Savigny in Lamark, 1818 (Annelida, Syllidae) from Australia. Molecular analysis and re-description of some poorly-known species. Zootaxa, 4052 (2), 297 - 331. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4052.3.2","Imajima M. (1966) The Syllidae (polychaetous annelids) from Japan (V). Syllinae (2). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 14 (4), 253 - 294."]}

Syllis karlae n. sp. Figure 6 Material examined. AUSTRALIA, WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Goss Passage, south east end of Long Island, 28° 28' 48" S, 113° 46' 30" E, holotype, AM W.48534, coll. 30 m, 22 May 1994. Description. Holotype complete specimen, 9.5 mm long, 0.25 mm wide, with 65 chaetigers. Body slender, elongated, filiform, without colour pattern. Prostomium pentagonal; 4 small eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement and 2 anterior eyespots. Palps similar in length to prostomium (Fig. 6 A). Median antenna arising on middle of prostomium, with 10 articles, shorter than the combined length of prostomium and palps; lateral antennae slightly longer than the median one, with about 12 articles. Peristomium shorter than subsequent segments (Fig. 6 A). Dorsal tentacular cirri longer than antennae, with about 13 articles; ventral tentacular cirri about half as long as dorsal ones, with 7 articles. All dorsal parapodial cirri short, similar in length to body width, with few articles, (Fig. 6 A), anteriormost dorsal parapodial cirri with about 10–12 articles, 10–8 articles from midbody to posterior end. Vental parapodial cirri short, digitiform. Anterior parapodia with about 7 compound chaetae each, reducing to 5 compound chaetae on each posterior parapodium; on anterior parapodia, chaetae slender, elongated, blades with proximal tooth slightly longer than distal one, margin of blades smooth or with very short spines, blades 21 µm long above, 12 µm long below (Fig. 6 B); chaetae becoming shorter after first chaetiger, all similar, with large, distally curved shafts and short, smooth blades, with long proximal tooth and short, acute distal tooth, blades about 12–10 µm long (Fig. 6 D). Dorsal simple chaetae on posterior parapodia only, slender, smooth, distally bidentate (Fig. 6 E). Ventral simple chaeta on far posterior segments only, smooth, bidentate, with proximal tooth larger than distal one (Fig. 6 F). Anterior parapodia with 2 acuminate aciculae each, one of them subdistally inflated (Fig. 6 C), single acicula per parapodium from midbody onwards, subdistally inflated, acuminate, larger than anterior ones (Fig. 6 G). Pharynx extending through about 7 segments; pharyngeal tooth on anterior margin of pharynx (Fig. 6 A). Proventricle through 4 segments, with about 30 muscle cell rows. Pygidium with 2 anal cirri, with 7 articles each, median stylus not observed. Remarks. No previously described species of the genus Syllis is known to have similar compound chaetae, so it is described here as a new species, although there is only one specimen available. Other species with unusual posterior compound chaetae with short blades are Syllis bifurcata (Hartmann- Schröder, 1980), from the West Indian and Caribbean Sea, S. bifida (Hartmann-Schröder, 1986), from Subantarctic, and Syllis curticirris (Hartmann-Schröder, 1981), from the Meteor Bank, central Atlantic. All these three species have different chaetae, with spines on margin of blades (see Licher, 1999) which are lacking in S. karlae, n. sp. Syllis bifurcata also has a strong subdistal spur on shafts of compound chaetae, which are absent in S. karlae, n. sp. Syllis bifida has the distal tooth of posterior blades very short and very close to proximal tooth; such teeth in S. karlae are not so small and clearly separated from proximal teeth. Finally, the posterior compound chaetae of S. curticirris has distal teeth thicker and shorter than those of S. karlae n. sp., and the proximal teeth are not as elongated as in S. karlae n.sp. Etymology. The new species is named after Karla Paresque, colleague and friend, for her important contributions to the knowledge of the family Syllidae. Habitat. Dead coral substrate. Distribution. Australia (Western Australia).

Syllis joaoi n. sp. Figure 5 Material examined. AUSTRALIA, NORTHERN TERRITORY: Darwin Harbour, off Nightcliff, Old Man's Rock, 12° 28' 30" S, 130° 54' 12" E, holotype, AM W.48533, coll. 17 July 1993. Description. Holotype incomplete, lacking most posterior segments, 7 mm long, 0.45 mm wide, with 55 chaetigers. Body slender, elongated, darker on anterior segments, with reddish spots, extending also to prostomium. Prostomium pentagonal; 4 eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement. Palps similar in length to prostomium (Fig. 5 A). Antennae, tentacular and dorsal cirri distinctly short and slender. Median antenna arising from middle of prostomium, with about 13 articles, shorter than combined length of prostomium and palps; lateral antennae similar to median one, with 12–14 articles. Segmental furrows indistinct (Fig. 5 A). Peristomium dorsally reduced. Dorsal tentacular cirri longer than median antenna, with about 20 articles; ventral tentacular cirri much shorter, with 10 articles. Dorsal parapodial cirri distinctly short and slender, shorter than body width (Fig. 5 A), anteriormost parapodial cirri slightly shorter than dorsal tentacular cirri, with about 15–12 articles; midbody long dorsal parapodial cirri with 12–13 articles and short parapodial dorsal cirri with 8–9 articles. Parapodia conical. Ventral parapodial cirri shorter than parapodial lobes. Compound chaetae with elongated bidentate blades, proximal tooth shorter than distal tooth; dorsal chaetae with long and slender blades with short spines on margin, except on the distal regions, where they are longer, reaching the level of the proximal tooth; intermediate chaetae of each fascicle with shorter blades with long, distally curved spines; ventral chaetae with short blades, provided with short spines on margin (Fig. 5 B–D). Anterior parapodia each with 1–2 compound chaetae of the first type, 3–4 of the second one, and 2–3 of the third type, with blades 36 µm long above, 15 µm long below (Fig. 5 B); midbody parapodia with 1 compound chaetae of the first type, 3 of second type, and 2 of the third type, with blades 35 µm long above, 15 µm long below (Fig. 5 C); posterior parapodia with 1 compound chaetae of the first type, 2 of the second one, and 1 of the third type, with blades 34 µm above, 15 µm below (Fig. 5 D). Dorsal and ventral simple chaeta not seen. Aciculae slender, anterior parapodia with 3 aciculae, 2 acute and 1 distally curved (Fig. 5 E), 2 aciculae in midbody parapodia, 1 straight and 1 acuminate (Fig. 5 F), and solitary acicula in posterior parapodia, subdistally inflated, acuminate (Fig. 5 G). Pharynx extending through about 11 segments; pharyngeal tooth on anterior margin of pharynx (Fig. 5 A). Proventricle through 10–11 segments, with about 55 muscle cell rows. Pygidium unknown. Remarks. Although having one single and incomplete specimen available, it is here describe as a new species as it is the only known species in the genus to present such slender and short dorsal cirri, together with the described distribution of the compound chaetae, with elongated blades with short spines in margin dorsally combined with blades with long, distally dressed spines on the middle of the fascicle, and short blades with short spines in the chaetae of the ventral bundle. The most similar species is Syllis aciculigrossa (San Martín, 1990), with elongated, slender body and short, delicate dorsal cirri; however, S. aciculigrossa has distinctly thick aciculae, distally pointed, protruding from parapodial lobes, and elongated spiniger-like chaetae (San Martín, 1990). Syllis nigricirris Grube, 1863 has similar compound chaetae, but lacks the long spines on margin, and the aciculae are straight, protruding from parapodial lobes (see Licher, 1999). Etymology. The new species is named after Dr João Miguel do Matos Nogueira, colleague and friend, for his contributions to the knowledge of some families of polychaetes, including the Syllidae. Habitat. Dead coral substrate in shallow waters. Distribution. Australia (Northern Territory).

Syllis marceloi n. sp. Figures 12, 13 Material examined. AUSTRALIA, NEW SOUTH WALES: Bass Point, 34° 36' S, 150° 54' E, Holotype, AM W.48547, coll. 35–40 m, 3 January 1991, St. T 4-213, Paratype AM W.48548, 1 specimen, coll Jan 1981 by Smith McIntyre grab. Description. Holotype complete specimen, 28 mm long, 0.52 mm wide, with 177 chaetigers; paratype smaller and incomplete. Body extremely long and slender, markedly cylindrical, without any colour pattern. Prostomium pentagonal; 4 small eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement and 2 minute anterior eyespots. Palps triangular, similar in length to prostomium (Fig. 12 A). Median antenna arising between posterior eyes, short, slender, with 15 articles; lateral antennae similar to median one, but shorter, with 12–13 articles. Peristomium shorter than subsequent segments, dorsally covering posterior part of prostomium (Fig. 12 A). Dorsal tentacular cirri longer than median antenna, with about 17 articles; ventral tentacular cirri with 12 articles. Dorsal parapodial cirri slender, short, with few articles (Fig. 12 B), shorter than body width, with some internal inclusions (Fig. 12 B); anteriormost dorsal parapodial cirri slightly shorter than dorsal tentacular cirri, with about 19–20 articles alternating with shorter ones, with about 12 articles; from midbody backwards, alternating long (about 15 articles) and short (about 10 articles) dorsal parapodial cirri. Parapodia conical, distally bilobed (Fig. 12 B, C). Ventral parapodial cirri digitiform, shorter than parapodial lobes (Fig. 12 B). Compound chaetae with short blades, bidentate with proximal tooth smaller than distal one (Fig. 13 A, B), except on posterior parapodia, where the proximal tooth is slightly larger (Fig. 13 A–C); spines on margin of blades short, except distal 1–3, which reach the level of proximal tooth (Fig. 13 A–C). Anterior parapodia each with about 15 compound chaetae, blades 20 µm long above, 16 µm long below (Fig. 13 A); midbody parapodia each with 6–7 compound chaetae, blades 26 µm long above, 16 µm long below (Fig. 13 B); posterior parapodia each with 6 compound chaetae, blades 25 µm long above, 20 µm long below (Fig. 13 C). Dorsal simple chaetae on posterior parapodia only, relatively thick, unidentate, smooth (Fig. 12 D). Ventral simple chaetae on far posterior segments only, thick, bidentate, with proximal tooth larger than distal one, with smooth margin (Fig. 12 E). Anterior aciculae very thick, distally rounded, emerging from parapodial lobes, numbering about 5 per parapodium (Fig. 13 D); number and shape of aciculae progressively decreasing towards posterior end; in midbody parapodia, 2 straight pointed aciculae, one being slender, and the other distinctly large, protruding from parapodial lobes (Fig. 13 E), becoming distally oblique in posterior parapodia (Fig. 12 B, C); one single acicula in posteriormost parapodia, being distinctly large, with oblique tip, and protruding from parapodial lobes (Fig. 13 F). Pharynx distinctly long, slender, through more than 20 segments (17 in paratype; everted in holotype) (Fig. 12 A); pharyngeal tooth on anterior margin of pharynx. Proventricle through 16 segments (13 in paratype), with about 48– 50 muscle cell rows. Pygidium with 2 anal cirri, with 20 articles each, and a median stylus. Remarks. Only two species of the genus Syllis have the combination of characters which characterizes Syllis marceloi n. sp., with a long and slender body, short dorsal cirri, and long pharynx and proventricle: Syllis licheri Ravara, San Martín & Moreira, 2004, and Syllis pontxioi San Martín & López, 2000. These two species also have compound chaetae with short, triangular blades. However, in S. licheri the blades are unidentate or almost, with the margin smoth or with short spines while the blades in S. pontxioi, in spite of being quite similar to those of S. marceloi n. sp., have the proximal tooth in the posterior chaetae not as strong as in the latter species, and the spines on the margin are shorter. Furthermore, the pharynx and proventricle of S. licheri and S. pontxioi are not so long as in S. marceloi (see Ravara et al. (2004), San Martín & López (2000) and San Martín (2003) for comparison). Etymology. The species is named after Dr. Marcelo Veronesi Fukuda, a Brazilian colleague and friend, for his contributions to the knowledge of polychaetes, and Syllidae in particular. Habitat. Soft sediments in 35– 40 m. Distribution. Australia (New South Wales).

Paraopisthosyllis correiae sp. nov. Figures 4–6; Table 1 Material examined. BRAZIL: State of Pernambuco: São José da Coroa Grande, Recifes São José da Coroa Grande (8°53'47''S 35°8'14''W), intertidal, coll. 25 June 2013, Holotype and Paratype (MZUSP 2962 and 2963 respectively). Description. Medium-sized body, largest specimen analyzed (holotype) 6 mm long, 0.7 mm wide, with 43 segments. Conspicuous pigmentation on living animals, one large transverse red stripe per chaetiger, across dorsum, between dorsal cirri, thinner posteriorly (Figs 4 A–C, 5A); some anterior chaetigers additionally with an inverted V anteriorly and a V posteriorly (Figs 4 A; 5A). Dorsal and ventral surfaces and dorsal appendages with papillae, more numerous on anterior dorsal cirri (Figs 4 C, E; 5A), absent on palps and prostomium. Segments with inconspicuous secondary annulation (Fig. 5 A). Palps rectangular, basally fused, ventrally bent in paratype. Prostomium sub-quadrangular to ovate, with red, curved line posterior to each of posterior eye (Fig. 4 C); two pairs of eyes in rectangular to trapezoidal arrangement, anterior eyespots absent (Fig. 5 A); antennae reddish in live specimens (Fig. 4 A), brownish in preserved material (Fig. 4 C); lateral antennae inserted on anterior margin of prostomium, reaching tip of palps; median antenna thicker, inserted slightly posteriorly, almost transversely aligned with anterior eyes, slightly longer than lateral antennae (Figs 4 C; 5A); nuchal organs not visible. Peristomium dorsally short, with a transverse brown stripe (Fig. 4 B–C); dorsal peristomial cirri brown, as long as median antenna, ventral peristomial cirri similar to dorsal ones, but slightly shorter and thinner (Figs 4 A–C; 5A). Brown dorsal cirri throughout, those of chaetigers 1 and 4 thick, club-shaped, longer than antennae and than body width at chaetiger 1 (Figs 4 A–C; 5A); dorsal cirri of chaetigers 2 and 5 short, digitiform, as long as ventral peristomial cirri, ca. 1/3 of body width; dorsal cirri of chaetigers 3 and 6 slightly club-shaped, slender, longer than body width; midbody dorsal cirri alternating elongated and thick cirri, club-shaped, slightly longer than body width, and short and thin cirri, about 2/3 of body width (Figs 4 A–B; 5A); posterior dorsal cirri digitiform to club-shaped, slightly longer than body width (Fig. 4 A). Antennae, peristomial and dorsal cirri throughout with short cirrophores (Fig. 5 A). Ventral cirri ovate, slightly shorter than parapodial lobes. Parapodial lobes distally bilobed. Anterior parapodia with 15–24 falcigers each, midbody with 14–19, posterior parapodia with 2–12 falcigers each; shafts of falcigers subdistally spinulated, with straight tips (Fig. 6 A–C); blades of falcigers faintly spinulated, bidentate, teeth about same size, directed forwards (Fig. 6 A–C); blades with dorso-ventral gradation in length, 30–15 µm long on anterior chaetigers, 28–11 µm long on midbody, 15–10 µm long on posterior chaetigers. Dorsal simple chaetae from chaetigers 20–40, thin, about half width of falciger shafts, slightly sigmoid, with button-shaped tip (Fig. 5 E); ventral simple chaetae present only on last chaetigers, slightly thinner than shafts of falcigers, sigmoid, bidentate, teeth similar in length, subdistal tooth triangular, with inconspicuous subdistal spinulation (Figs 4 H, 5F). Anterior parapodia with 3–4 aciculae each, midbody with 2–3, posterior parapodia with single acicula each; anterior parapodia with 1–2 aciculae straight, thick, subdistally inflated, distally acuminate, and another 1–2 aciculae distally bent, with acute tips (Fig. 5 B); midbody parapodia with one acicula subdistally bent at 90°, with acute tip, and another straight, subdistally inflated (Fig. 5 C); posterior parapodia with only one acicula subdistally bent at 90°, with acute tip (Fig. 5 D). Pygidium squared, anal cirri ovate (Fig. 4 F); dorsal anus. Pharynx through three segments, with tooth slightly away from anterior border (Fig. 4 C–D); proventricle through 2–2.5 segments, with ca. 18 muscle cell rows. Reproduction. Schizogamy by scissiparity. Holotype (31 chaetigers) developing a posterior stolon with a pair of red eyes and 12 chaetigers; antennae not observed in stolon (Fig. 4 G). Remarks. Paraopisthosyllis correiae sp. nov. is the tenth known species of the genus and the first occurring in the southern Atlantic. It is characterized by its unique color pattern and by having poorly marked secondary annulation in segments, small papillae on body, large, distinct papillae on dorsal cirri, compound chaetae with elongated, bidentate blades, shafts with moderate subdistal serration on margin, and pharyngeal tooth located on the anterior third of the pharynx. The new species most closely resembles the recently described P. pardus, from Queensland, Australia (Aguado & Glasby 2015). The specimen of P. pardus from the Philippines is 3.3 mm long, incomplete, with 16 chaetigers, and it agrees perfectly with the original description, including the characteristic color pattern. Both species have secondarily annulated segments, although not very distinct, papillated, club-shaped dorsal cirri, and similar aciculae and falcigers, although those of P. correi ae sp. nov. have shafts subdistally serrated. They differ especially in the color pattern, very characteristic in both species, and in the size of the papillae on dorsal cirri, distinctly larger in P. correiae sp. nov. Besides P. pardus and P. c o r rei ae sp. nov., the only species with papillated dorsal cirri is P. alternocirra, which differs by having dorsal cirri with dark spots, short falciger blades, ventral simple chaetae unidentate and aciculae distally rounded. Molecular analyses revealed Paraopisthosyllis as closely related to Megasyllis and Alcyonosyllis (Aguado et al. 2012, 2014, 2015; Aguado & Glasby 2015), which also share some morphological characters such as the almost identical compound chaetae in some species of each of these genera (Aguado & Glasby 2015) and the geographic distributions, which are restricted to shallow tropical waters. All known species of Alcyonosyllis occur in the Indo- Pacific Ocean, while those of Megasyllis and Paraopisthosyllis mostly occur in the Pacific Ocean. They are especially present in Australia, but are also found in the Western tropical and subtropical Atlantic (one species of Megasyllis and two species of Paraopisthosyllis). The closure of the Panamá Isthmus is relatively recent in geological terms (3.2–3.5 millions of years), so it has been suggested that the spreading out of species of Megasyllis and Paraopisthosyllis into the tropical Atlantic Ocean would have been possible through this way (San Martín et al. 2014). Further studies can provide more data on these two genera. Distribution. Atlantic Ocean: only know from off the southern coast of the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Etymology. The epithet ‘ correiae ’ is attributed to this species in honour of Dr Mônica Dorigo Correia (Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Brazil), who passed away recently, a devoted researcher who has contributed to great advances in the conservation of Brazilian marine habitats.

Genus Paraopisthosyllis Hartmann-Schr��der, 1991 Paraopisthosyllis Hartmann-Schr��der, 1991: 27; San Mart��n & Hutchings 2006: 316. Basidiosyllis San Mart��n, L��pez & Aguado, 2009: 1467. Type-species. Opisthosyllis brevicirra Hartmann-Schr��der, 1979, designated by Hartmann-Schr��der 1991. Diagnosis (modified from San Mart��n & Hutchings, 2006). Body robust, cylindrical in section, broad anteriorly, tapered posteriorly, with numerous segments. Dorsal and ventral surfaces often covered with numerous small papillae. Prostomium with four lensed eyes and three antennae. Palps broad, fused at base, ventrally folded. Peristomium shorter than subsequent segments, sometimes covered dorsally by chaetiger 1; two pairs of peristomial cirri. Nuchal organs as two ciliated grooves between prostomium and peristomium. Dorsal and ventral cirri on all chaetigers; dorsal cirri with papillae in some species. Antennae, peristomial, dorsal and anal cirri nonarticulated, enlarged, club-shaped to foliaceous. Dorsal cirri usually with distinct cirrophores, alternating large and small cirri in anterior segments, larger ones arising more dorsally. Parapodia with distinct prechaetal lobe. Compound, heterogomph chaetae, with strong serration on shafts of posterior chaetae in some species; blades hooked or elongated, unidentate or bidentate. Dorsal and ventral simple chaetae on posterior parapodia, dorsal simple chaetae slender. Pygidium small, with two anal cirri. Pharynx wide, with pharyngeal tooth inserted away from anterior rim. Proventricle wide, massive. Reproduction by schizogamy. Remarks. Hartmann-Schr��der (1991) erected Paraopisthosyllis to accommodate two species, P. brevicirra (Hartmann-Schr��der, 1979), originally described as Opisthosyllis brevicirra, and P. phyllocirra Hartmann- Schr��der, 1991. San Mart��n & Hutchings (2006) examined specimens lodged in the Australian Museum from all around Australia, revised the material collected and described by Hartmann-Schr��der (1979, 1981) and described two species, P. alternocirra San Mart��n & Hutchings, 2006 and P. ornaticirra San Mart��n & Hutchings, 2006. More recently, Aguado & Glasby (2015) described P. pardus Aguado & Glasby, 2015 from Australia and suggested that the genus may be part of a clade within the Syllinae restricted to the Indo-Pacific, together with Alcyonosyllis Glasby & Watson, 2001 and Megasyllis San Mart��n, Hutchings & Aguado, 2008. The emended diagnosis includes the species of Basidiosyllis, B. fusigera (Augener, 1913) and B. kalimna (San Mart��n & Hutchings 2006), originally belonging to Pionosyllis Malmgren, 1867, and B. victoriae San Mart��n, L��pez & Aguado, 2009. Basidiosyllis was erected by San Mart��n et al. (2009), based on a morphological phylogenetic analysis. The only autapomorphy found for Basidiosyllis, the dorsal cirri inflated in some segments, is also present in Paraopisthosyllis, which was not included as outgroup. The body papillae, present in all species of Paraopisthosyllis, are also found in B. kalimna. Therefore, we did not find any morphological characters to differentiate these two genera, and so we herein consider Basidiosyllis as a junior synonym of Paraopisthosyllis. The genus now includes 10 valid species (Table 1) and its distribution is extended from Indo-Pacific restricted to include the Atlantic Ocean, being, thus, circuntropical, occurring at low depths (Fig. 1). With the herein proposed synonymy, the family Syllidae presently counts on 74 genera (cf. Fukuda et al. 2016)., Published as part of Paresque, Karla, Mart��n, Guillermo San, ��lvarez-Campos, Patricia, Nogueira, Jo��o Miguel De Matos & Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, 2016, Two new species and new records of the genus Paraopisthosyllis Hartmann-Schr��der, 1991 (Annelida: Syllidae) from northeastern Brazil and Philippine Islands, pp. 116-130 in Zootaxa 4178 (1) on pages 117-118, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4178.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/162371, {"references":["Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1991) Teil 16. Die Polychaeten der subtropisch-tropischen bis tropischen Ostkuste Australiens zwischen Maclean (New South Wales) und Gladstone (Queensland) sowie von Heron Island (Groβes Barriere-Riff). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 88, 17 - 71.","San Martin, G. & Hutchings, P. (2006) Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the description of a new genus and fifteen new species. Records of the Australian Museum, 58, 257 - 370. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.58.2006.1466","San Martin, G., Lopez, E. & Aguado, M. T. (2009) Revision of the genus Pionosyllis (Polychaeta: Syllidae: Eusyllinae), with a cladistic analysis, and the description of five new genera and two new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 89, 1455 - 98. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315409003099","Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1979) Teil 2. Die Polychaeten der tropischen Nordwestkuste Australiens (Zwischen Port Samson in Norden und Port Hedland in Suden). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 76, 75 - 218.","Glasby, C. J. & Watson, C. (2001) A new genus and species of Syllidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) commensal with octocorals. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, 25, 55 - 63.","San Martin, G., Hutchings, P. & Aguado, M. T. (2008) Syllinae (Polychaeta, Syllidae) from Australia. Part. 2. Genera Inermosyllis, Megasyllis n. gen., Opisthosyllis, and Trypanosyllis. Zootaxa, 1840, 1 - 53.","Augener, H. (1913) Polychaeta 1, Errantia. In: Michaelsen, W. & Hartmeyer, R. (Eds.), Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwest-australischen Forschungsreise 1905, vol 4, Lieferung 5. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 65 - 304.","Malmgren, A. J. (1867) Annulata Polychaeta Spetsbergiae Groenlandiae, Islandiae et Scandinaviae hactenus cognita. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 24, 1 - 127.","Paresque, K., Fukuda, M. V. & Nogueira, J. M. M. (2016) Branchiosyllis, Haplosyllis, Opisthosyllis and Trypanosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae) from Brazil, with the description of two new species. PLOS ONE, 11 (5), e 0153442. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0153442"]}

Paraopisthosyllis kuluguhin sp. nov. Figures 2–3; Table 1 Material examined. PHILIPPINES: Luzón Island, “ Sepok point”, between Balayan Bay and Batangas Bay (13°41'2''N, 120°53'44.9''E), coral rubble, 2–3 m depth, coll. 10 December 2010, Holotype (MCZ 25294). Additional material examined. Paraopisthosyllis alternocirra San Martín & Hutchings, 2006: AUSTRALIA, Western Australia, Red Bluff, Kalbarri (27°42'S 114°09'E), mixed coralline algae, 4 m depth, coll. J.K. Lowry, 10 January 1984, Holotype (AM W26734); Red Bluff, Kalbarri (27°42'S 114°09'E), round-leaved seagrass in shallow sand on rocky shore, 3.5 m depth, coll. R.T. Springthorpe, 10 January 1984, 3 Paratypes (AM W28366); rocky shore, Red Bluff, Kalbarri (27°42'S 114°09'E), dictyotalean alga from cave, 4 m depth, col. J.K. Lowry, 10 January 1984, 4 specs (AM W26784); rocky shore, Red Bluff, Kalbarri (27°42'S 114°09'E), brown algae from surf zone, 0.5 m depth, coll. H.E. Stoddart, 9 January 1984, 1 spec. (AM W26783); Red Bluff, Kalbarri (27°42'S 114°09'E), mixed coralline algae, 4 m depth, coll. J.K. Lowry, 10 January 1984, 7 specs + 1 on SEM stub (AM W28984); inshore limestone reef, Ned's Camp, Cape Range National Park (21°59'S 113°55'E), sponge covered with epiphytes, sediment & muddy worm tubes, 1.5 m depth, coll. R.T. Springthorpe, 2 January 1984, 1 spec. (AM W28368). Paraopisthosyllis brevicirra (Hartmann-Schröder, 1979): AUSTRALIA, Western Australia, Port Hedland, close to Highway Motel (19°38'S 119°31'E), filamentous algae with sand & debris, intertidal, 27 September 1975, coll. G. Hartmann-Schröder, Holotype (HZM P-15499). Paraopisthosyllis fusigera (Augener, 1913): AUSTRALIA, Western Australia, Sharks Bay, Surf Point, Outer Bar (25°16'S 113° 28'E), 1–3.5 m, coll. 16 June 1905, Syntype (HZM V-7951). Paraopisthosyllis kalimna (San Martín & Huchings, 2006): AUSTRALIA, Western Australia: Exmouth Gulf, Bundegi Reef, north end of beach (21°49'S 114°11'E), rocky rubble, sediment & brown algae with epiphytes, 2 m depth, coll. H.E. Stoddart, 4 January 1984, 1 spec. (AM W28948, holotype); Exmouth Gulf, Bundegi Reef, north end of beach (21°49'S 114°11'E), rocky rubble, coralline algae with green epiphyte, 2 m depth, coll. H.E. Stoddart, 4 January 1984, 2 Paratypes (AM W26779). Paraopisthosyllis ornaticirra San Martín & Hutchings, 2006: AUSTRALIA, Western Australia: Inshore limestone reef, Ned's Camp, Cape Range National Park (21°59'S 113°55'E), Caulerpa sp., 1 m depth, coll. J.K. Lowry, 2 January 1984, Holotype (AM W28949). Paraopisthosyllis phyllocirra Hartmann-Schröder, 1991: AUSTRALIA, Queensland: Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef (23°27'S 151°55'E), coralline sand, intertidal, coll. G. Hartmann-Schröder, Holotype (HZM P-20533). Paraopisthosyllis victoriae (San Martín, López & Aguado, 2009): BARBADOS, West coast, Six Men’s Bay, Montatrea annularis, 10 m depth, coll. María M. V. Díaz, May 1990, Holotype (MNCNM 16.01 /6062). Description. Incomplete specimen. Body anteriorly broad, slender from midbody (Fig. 2 A–B), 5.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, with 43 chaetigers; posterior segments used for molecular analysis. Dark, pigmented area dorsally on each segment, irregularly distributed on anterior segments, with conspicuous pattern after proventricle, as one anterior pigmented short band and two lateral areas (Fig. 2 B); lateral pigmented areas disappearing on posterior segments; dark areas on cirrophores of large dorsal cirri (Fig. 2 A, C). Small, scattered papillae on lateral and ventral surfaces, more numerous on dorsum (Fig. 2 A–C); some papillae longer, others with capitate tip (Fig. 2 A– E). Prostomium oval, four small eyes arranged in open trapezoidal pattern, almost in straight line; antennae missing (Fig. 2 A). Palps broad, longer than prostomium, folded ventrally (Fig. 2 A). Peristomium shorter than subsequent segments; peristomial cirri elongated (Fig. 2 A). Dorsal cirri of two sizes, larger ones distally inflated, club-shaped, provided with dark inclusions, inserted latero-dorsally (Fig. 2 A, C), others distinctly smaller, located laterally (Fig. 2 A); most larger dorsal cirri missing, probably those of chaetigers 1–4 inflated, subsequent dorsal cirri alternating inflated and not inflated, without dark inclusions; from midbody, difference in sizes not so marked (Fig. 2 B). Dorsal cirri with distinct cirrophores. Compound chaetae with light spinulation on shafts of dorsal-most and intermediate chaetae on anterior and midbody chaetigers, remaining shafts smooth; blades short, distinctly bidentate, slightly spinulated on anterior body and on dorsal-most chaetae from midbody, remaining falcigers with smooth blades (Fig. 3 A, C, E). Each anterior parapodium with two dorsalmost compound chaetae with slender shafts and blades, blades 20 µm long, remaining six chaetae per fascicle with wider shafts and blades (Fig. 3 A), blades 19–15 µm long; midbody and posterior parapodia with eight compound chaetae each, blades and shafts slightly progressively larger and wider posteriorwards, blades 15 µm long dorsally, 9 µm long ventrally (Fig. 3 C, E). Dorsal simple chaetae on posterior chaetigers, slender, unidentate, slightly spinulated, with thin spines distally (Fig. 3 D). Ventral simple chaetae not seen. Anterior parapodia with three distally irregularly rounded to truncate aciculae each (Fig. 3 B), single acicula on each posterior parapodium, as anterior ones. Pharynx wide, through 3–4 segments; pharyngeal tooth not seen. Proventricle, longer than pharynx, extending through 3–4 segments, with 35 muscle cell rows (Fig. 2 A). Length (µm) (anterior/mid-/and ~ 16/17 – 22/10 – 15? 28 – 60/?/ 20 – 36 10 – 11 /6 – 9/ 6 – 11 15 – 20 /9 – 15/9 – 15 posterior body) …Continued on next page Secondary annulation on segments Absent Present Absent Present Absent Fusion of segments Absent Absent Absent Absent Present Remarks. Paraopisthosyllis kuluguhin sp. nov. resembles P. brevicirra and P. alternocirra (see Table 1 and San Martín & Hutchings 2006), in alternating short and long dorsal cirri on anterior body, distinct dark inclusions in the median antenna and in the large dorsal cirri, and a similar color pattern. However, it differs from P. alternocirra, in having distinctly bidentate compound chaetae. Paraopisthosyllis phyllocirra also has bidentate compound chaetae, but the blades have longer spines on margin, and the inflated dorsal cirri end by an acute tip (Hartmann-Schröder 1991; San Martín & Hutchings 2006; Aguado et al. 2015b). In addition, the presence of papillae of at least two different sizes, the longest ones distally capitate, is a unique characteristic within the genus. Habitat. Coral rubble. Distribution. Philippine Islands (Luzón Island). Etymology. The specific name comes from the Tagalog (Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines), meaning “ verrucose ”.

Paraopisthosyllis pardus Aguado & Glasby, 2015 Material examined. PHILIPPINES: Luzón Island: “ Sepok point”, between Balayan Bay and Batangas Bay (13°41'2''N, 120°53'44.9''E), coral rubble, 2–3 m depth, coll. 10 December 2010, 1 spec. (MNCN 16.01 /17363). Remarks. The specimen matches perfectly the original description, including the characteristic color pattern. It represents the first report of the species both after the original description (Aguado & Glasby 2015) and for the Philippine Islands. Distribution. Pacific Ocean: Australia (Queensland) and Philippine Islands.

14 páginas, 5 figuras, Syllis monilaris Savigny in Lamarck, 1818, the type species of the genus Syllis Savigny in Lamarck, 1818, is redescribed based on two specimens deposited in the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Germany). One specimen is designated as neotype, since the original type material is considered to be lost, and there is a necessity to stabilize the nomenclature of the group. The species is large sized, with long dorsal cirri on anterior segments, becoming short and fusiform from midbody, it has thick compound chaetae with short, unidentate blades, not fused to shafts. The lack of chaetae with fused shafts and blades contradicts the division of the genus Syllis into subgenera as proposed by Langerhans (1879), who considered the subgenus Syllis as having thick fused chaetae on midbody, in addition to compound chaetae, and the subgenus Typosyllis with only compound chaetae. A discussion about the systematics of the genus is included, and according to this new data, Typosyllis is a junior synonymy of Syllis.

Álvarez-Campos, Patricia, Riesgo, Ana, Hutchings, Pat, Martín, Guillermo San (2015): The genus Syllis Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 (Annelida, Syllidae) from Australia. Molecular analysis and re-description of some poorly-known species. Zootaxa 4052 (2): 297-331, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4052.3.2

Genus Syllis Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 Syllis Savigny 1817: plate 4, fig. 3 [plate 4 probably published later than 1817]. Savigny in Lamarck 1818: 317 ���318. Savigny 1822: 43 ���44. Audouin 1826: 71. Savigny 1826: 372 ���373. Ioida Johnston 1840: 231. (Type species: Ioida macrophthalma Johnston, 1840) Gnathosyllis Schmarda 1861: 69. (Type species: Gnathosyllis diplodonta Schmarda, 1861) Trichosyllis Schmarda 1861: 73. (Type species: Trichosyllis sylliformis Schmarda, 1861) Heterosyllis Clapar��de 1863: 248. (Type species: Heterosyllis brachiata Clapar��de, 1863) Isosyllis Ehlers 1864: 251. (Type species: never designated) Pagenstecheria Quatrefages 1865: 17. (Type species: Syllis oblonga Keferstein, 1862) Aporosyllis Quatrefages 1865: 87. (Type species: Syllis gracilis Grube, 1840) Ehlersia Quatrefages 1865: 104. (Type species: Syllis sexoculata Ehlers, 1864) Thoe Kinberg 1866: 249. (Type species: Thoe fusiformis Kinberg, 1866) Eurymedusa Kinberg 1866: 249. (Type species: Eurymedusa picta Kinberg, 1866) Laomedora Kinberg 1866: 250. (Type species: Laomedora fusifera Kinberg, 1866) Chaetosyllis Malmgren 1867: 44. (Type species: Chaetosyllis oerstedi Malmgren, 1867) Typosyllis Langerhans 1879: 528 ���529. (Type species: Syllis krohni Ehlers, 1864) Langerhansia Czerniavsky 1881: 395. (Type species: Syllis sexoculata Ehlers, 1864) Paratyposyllis Hartmann-Schr��der 1962: 95. (Type species: Paratyposyllis paurocirrata Hartmann-Schr��der, 1962) Reductotyposyllis Hartmann-Schr��der 1974: 123. (Type species: Reductosyllis atentaculocirrata Hartmann-Schr��der, 1974) Type species: Syllis monilaris Savigny in Lamarck 1818: 318. Type by monotypy. Diagnosis. Body cylindrical. Palps fused basally. Antennae, tentacular, anal, and dorsal cirri distinctly annulate, moniliform. Pharynx with dorsal tooth located on anterior rim or slightly posterior to anterior margin, pharynx with crown of soft papillae; some species with two crowns of papillae. Compound chaetae falcigerous, sometimes with pseudospinigers present in some regions of body, some species with thick pseudo-simple chaetae produced by loss of blade and enlargement of shaft, or by shaft and blade fusion, which can be only partial. Capillary dorsal and ventral simple chaetae present on posterior parapodia. Reproduction by scissiparous schizogamy (one single stolon at a time). Stolons dicerous, tetracerous or pentacerous; some species viviparous. For further details, see San Mart��n (1984, 1992, 2003), San Mart��n & Aguado (2014), and Simon et al. (2014). Etymology. Although Lamarck (1818), Savigny (1822) and Grube (1850) did not specify anything about the origin of the name, San Mart��n & Aguado (2014) explained that Syllis was a nymph of the Greek Mythology. Syllis (also known as Hyllis) was daughter of Hyllus and Iole, and mother of Zeuxippus by Apollo. During the 19 th Century the natural history was still very influenced by the currents of the Enlightenment and Neoclassicism, and it was common to name new taxa inspired by classical mythology., Published as part of ��lvarez-Campos, Patricia, Gil, Jo��o & Mart��n, Guillermo San, 2015, Unveiling the Rosetta Stone of syllids: redescription and neotype designation of Syllis monilaris Savigny in Lamarck, 1818, type species of type genus of family Syllidae Grube, 1850 (Annelida), pp. 317-330 in Zootaxa 4040 (3) on page 321, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4040.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/238849, {"references":["Lamarck, J. B. (1818) Histoire Naturelle des animaux sans vertebres, presentant les caracteres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales especes qui s'y rapportent; precedes d'une introduction offrant la determination des caracteres essentiels de l'animal, sa distinction du vegetal et des autres corps naturels, enfin l'exposition des principes fondamentaux de la zoologie. Vol. 5. Deterville, Paris, 612 pp.","Savigny, J. C. (1817) Histoire Naturelle, Planches. Tome Deuxieme. Description de l'Egypte ou Recueil des Observations et des Recherches qui on ete faites en Egypte pendant l'Expedition de l'Armee Francaise, publie par ordre du Gouvernement. Imprimerie Royale, Paris, 105 plates [most of the plates finished and published after 1817].","Savigny, J. C. (1822) Systemes de diverses classes d'animaux sans vertebres. Systeme des annelides, principalement de celles des cotes de l'Egypte et de la Syrie, offrant les caracteres tant distinctifs que naturels des ordres, familles et genres, avec la description des especes. Description de l'Egypte ou Recueil des Observations et des Recherches qui on ete faites en Egypte pendant l'Expedition de l'Armee Francaise, publie par les Ordres de sa Majeste l'Empereur Napoleon le Grand, Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 1 (3), 1 - 128.","Audouin, V. (1826) Explication sommaire des planches d'annelides de l'Egypte et de la Syrie, publiees par Jules-Cesar Savigny, membre de l'Institut; offrant un expose des caracteres naturelles des genres, avec la distinction et quelquefois le nom des especes. In: Audouin V. Explication sommaire des planches dont les dessins ont ete fournis par M. J. C. Savigny, pour l'histoire naturelle de l'ouvrage. Description de l'Egypte ou Recueil des Observations et des Recherches qui on ete faites en Egypte pendant l'Expedition de l'Armee Francaise, publie par les Ordres de sa Majeste l'Empereur Napoleon le Grand, Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 1 (4), pp. 57 - 76.","Savigny, J. C. (1826) Systeme des annelides, principalment des celles des cotes de l'Egypte et de la Syrie, offrant des caracteres tant distintifs que naturels des ordres, familles et genres, avec la description des especes. Description de l'Egypte ou Recueil des Observations et des Recherches qui on ete faites en Egypte pendant l'Expedition de l'Armee Francaise. Seconde Edition dediee au Roi publie par C. L. F. Panckoucke, Histoire Naturelle. Mineralogie. Zoologie, Paris, 21, 325 - 482.","Johnston, G. (1840) Miscellanea Zoologica. British annelids. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 1 (4), 224 - 232.","Schmarda, L. K. (1861) Neue wirbellose Thiere beobachtet und gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde 1853 bis 1857. Erster Band Turbellarien, Rotatorien und Anneliden. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 164 pp.","Claparede, E. (1863) Beobachtungen uber Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte wirbelloser Thiere an der Kuste von Normandie angestellt. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 120 pp., 18 pls.","Ehlers, E. (1864) Die Borstenwurmer (Annelida Chaetopoda) nach Systematischen und anatomischen Untersuchungen. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 270 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2081","Quatrefages, A de (1865) Histoire naturelle des anneles marins et d'eau douce. Annelides et Gephyriens. 2 Vols. et Atlas. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 588 pp. & 794 pp., Atlas (1866).","Keferstein, W. (1862) Untersuchungen uber niedere Seethiere. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 12, 1 - 147, pls. I - XI.","Grube, A. E. (1840) Actinien, Echinodermen und Wurmer des Adriatischen- und Mittelmeers, nach eigenen Sammlungen beschrieben. J. H. Bon, Konigsberg, 92 pp., 1 pl.","Kinberg, J. G. H. (1866) Annulata Nuova. Ofver Svenska Vetenskap Akadademi Forhallande, 21, 559 - 574.","Malmgren, A. J. (1867) Annulata Polychaeta Spetsbergiae Groenlandiae, Islandiae et Scandinaviae Hactenus Cognita. Ex Officina Frenckelliana, Helsingforsiae, 127 pp., 14 pls.","Langerhans, P. (1879) Die Wurmfauna von Madeira. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 32, 513 - 592, pls. XXXI - XXXIII.","Czerniavsky, V. (1881) Materialia ad zoographiam Ponticam comparatam. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 56, 338 - 420, pl. 1.","Hartmann-Schroder G. (1962) Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der chilenischen Pazifikkuste und der argentinischen Kuste Sudpatagoniens unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Die Polychaeten der Eulitorals. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 60 (Supplement), 57 - 169.","Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1974) Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der afrikanischen Westkuste zwischen Angola und Kap der Gutten Hoffnung und der afrikanischen Ostkuste von Sudafrika und Mocambique unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden Die Polychaeten des Untersuchungsgebietes. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 69, 95 - 228.","San Martin, G. (1984) Estudio biogeografico, faunistico y sistematico de los Poliquetos de la familia Silidos (Syllidae: Polychaeta) en Baleares. Ediciones de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 187, 1 - 529.","San Martin, G. (1992) Syllis Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 (Polychaeta: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Cuba, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida and North Carolina, with a revision of several species described by Verrill. Bulletin of Marine Science, 51 (2), 167 - 196.","San Martin, G. (2003) Annelida Polychaeta II. Syllidae. Fauna Iberica, 21, 554 pp. [Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. CSIC, Madrid]","San Martin, G. & Aguado, M. T. (2014) Family Syllidae. In: Rhaesa, A. (Chief Ed.), Phyllodocida: Nereidiformia. Handbook of Zoology, Annelida. Verlag Walter der Gruyter GmbH & Co., Schmidt, pp. 1 - 52.","Simon, C., San Martin, G. & Robinson, G. (2014) Two new species of Syllis (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from South Africa, one of them viviparous, with remarks on larval development and vivipary. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 94 (4), 729 - 746. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315413001926","Grube, A. E. (1850) Die Familien der Anneliden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 16, 249 - 364."]}

Syllis crassicirrata (Treadwell, 1925) n. comb. Figures 3, 4 Typosyllis crassi-cirrata Treadwell, 1925: 113, Fig. 10 A���C. Typosyllis crassicirrata ��� Hartman 1966: 198; Licher 1999: 196, Fig. 85. Typosyllis (Typosyllis) crassicirrata ��� Hartmann-Schr��der, 1979: 90, Figs 62���66; 1980: 49; 1981: 25; 1987: 33; 1989: 20; 1992: 53. Non Typosyllis magnapalpa Hartmann-Schr��der, 1978 (contra Licher 1999). Typosyllis (Typosyllis) krohni non Ehlers, 1864 ��� Hartmann-Schr��der, 1991: 28 ���29 (in part only). Material examined. Non-type specimens. AUSTRALIA. QUEENSLAND. Lizard Island, CReefs Expedition: Yonge Reef, 14 �� 34 ' 40 "S, 145 �� 37 'E, 8 m depth, 10 Sept 2010, 1 specimen (AM W 41236); Turtle Beach, 14 �� 39 '09"S, 145 �� 27 '03"E, coral rubble, 9.5 m depth, 7 Sept 2010, 3 specimens (AM W 41709); MacGillivray Reef, 14 �� 39 ' 23 "S, 145 �� 29 ' 31 "E, coral rubble, 22 m depth, 29 Aug 2010, 1 specimen (AM W 41710); Watsons Bay, 14 �� 39 ' 26 "S, 145 �� 27 '03"E, coral rubble, 4.5 m depth, 28 Aug 2010, 2 specimens (AM W 41711); Coconut Beach reef platform, 14 �� 41 '03"S, 145 �� 28 'E, coral rubble, intertidal, 25 Aug 2010, 2 specimens (AM W 41712). Heron Island, CReefs Expedition: ���Twin Peaks���, outer fore-reef, 23 �� 28.341 'S 151 �� 57.028 'E, 2 m depth, 13 Nov 2009, 2 specimens (one mounted for SEM) (AM W 46276). NEW SOUTH WALES. Esmeralda Cove, Broughton Island, 32 �� 37 ' 12 "S, 152 �� 19 'E, kelp holdfast, 11 May 1978, 2 specimens (AM W 46279). Off Coffs Harbour, 50 m west of Split Solitary Island, 30 �� 14 'S, 153 �� 10 ' 48 "E, sponges and ascidians on rocks, 15���17 m depth, 7 Mar 1992, 1 specimen (AM W 46285). East of Burrill Rocks, surface of sponges, 18���19 m depth, 1 May 1997, 3 specimens (AM W 46282). VICTORIA. Port Phillip Bay, under Half Moon Pier, 38 ��06' 11 "S, 144 �� 26 ' 15 "E, rock covered with epibionts, 1 m depth, 9 Feb 2010, 1 specimen (AM W 42514). WESTERN AUSTRALIA. Woodside Kimberley Survey: Cassini Island, mid-littoral reef platform, 13 �� 56 '01"S, 125 �� 37 '09"E, 25 Oct 2010, 1 specimen (AM W 42513); Montgomery Reef, mid-littoral fore-reef ramp, 15 �� 52 ' 35 "S, 124 �� 19 ' 48 "E, intertidal, 20 Oct 2009, 2 specimens (AM W 42517); same locality, mid-littoral channel ramp, 15 �� 57 ' 35 "S, 124 �� 16 '09"E, coral rubble, 22 Oct 2009, 2 specimens (AM W 42524); same locality, mid-littoral fore-reef ramp, 15 �� 53 ' 54 "S, 124 �� 10 ' 54 "E, intertidal, 21 Oct 2009, 1 specimen (AM W 42525). Cape Range National Park, inshore limestone reef off Ned���s Camp, 21 �� 59 'S, 113 �� 55 'E, Caulerpa sp., 1 m depth, 2 Jan 1984, 1 specimen (AM W 46278); same locality, intertidal, Caulerpa sp. 1 specimen (AM W 46284). NEW ZEALAND. NORTH ISLAND. Cavalli Islands, Rainbow Warrior wreck, 36 �� 50 ��� 32.66��� S, 174 �� 46 ��� 17.68��� E, Aglaophenia sp. hydrozoans, 25 m depth, 1 Feb 2012, 1 specimen (MNCN 16.01/ 16869). Additional specimens. Typosyllis (Typosyllis) crassicirrata. WESTERN AUSTRALIA. Broome, coll. and id. G. Hartmann-Schr��der, 1 specimen (HZM P��� 1662). Morphologically similar species. Typosyllis (Typosyllis) magnapalpa, HAWAII. Maui, Paiia, algae with Enteromorpha, Mytilus and detritus, 19 May 1959, Holotype (HZM P��� 14471). Syllis variegata. SPAIN, NW Mallorca Island, 39 �� 45 ' 80 "N, 02�� 33 ' 51 "E, 74 ��� 72 m depth, 25 Jun 1994, 1 specimen (MNCN 16.01/ 8440); Galicia, O��� Grove, 42 �� 29 ' 43 "N 8 �� 51 ��� 51 ���W, 1 specimen (MNCN /ADN 9619). Typosyllis (Typosyllis) krohni. AUSTRALIA. QUEENSLAND. Heron Island, North Reef, coralline sand, 4 Feb 1976, coll. and id. G. Hartmann-Schr��der, 13 specimens (HZM P- 21006). Description. Longest complete examined specimen 8 mm long, 0.45 mm wide, with 72 segments, one stolon attached, with 28 segments (Figs 3 A, 4 A). Large, robust body, some specimens dark and others yellowish, with 3��� 4 red-brown dorsal stripes on each segment, and some irregular spots on prostomium and appendages (Fig. 4 A���B). Oval prostomium with two pairs of reddish eyes in trapezoidal arrangement, anterior ones slightly larger than posterior ones (Fig. 3 A). Median antenna inserted in the middle of prostomium, between posterior pair of eyes, longer than combined length of prostomium and palps, with 20���22 articles; lateral antennae slightly shorter, inserted on anterior margin of prostomium, with 15���17 articles (Figs 3 A, 4 B���C). Triangular palps, longer than prostomium, fused at base, with distinct median groove (Fig. 4 C). Two ciliary bands on lateral anterior edges of peristomium (Fig. 4 D). Peristomium slightly shorter than subsequent segments, usually covering posterior part of prostomium (Figs 3 A, 4 B���C). Dorsal tentacular cirri longer than antennae, with 25���27 articles, ventral ones shorter, with 16���18 articles. Dorsal cirri of anterior segments distinctly thick, usually coiled over dorsum, covering prostomium and anterior segments (Figs 3 A, 4 A���C), with 30���35 articles. Midbody and posterior dorsal cirri shorter and thinner than anterior ones, with about 20���24 articles. Digitiform ventral cirri, inserted proximally, reaching distal end of parapodia (Fig. 4 A). Anterior parapodia with 12���14 heterogomph falciger chaetae each, blades dorsoventrally decreasing in length (44 ��� 26 ��m); bidentate blades, with similar teeth, short spines on margin; shafts with few distal spines (Figs 3 B, 4 E). Seven to nine heterogomph falciger chaetae on midbody parapodia, similar to those of anterior ones, but with less marked dorsoventral gradation in length of blades (35 ��� 27 ��m); bidentate blades with distal tooth slightly larger than proximal one, and long spines on margin (Figs 3 C, 4 F). Posterior parapodia with 6���8 heterogomph falciger chaetae, blades strongly bidentate, with short spines on margin; shafts smooth, with an enlarged spur, more marked on ventral chaetae. Dorsoventral gradation in length of blades less evident (28 ��� 20 ��m) (Figs 3 D, 4 G���H). Dorsal and ventral simple chaetae on posterior parapodia only, bidentate, with short distal spines (Fig. 3 E���F). Anterior parapodia with about 6 aciculae each, three pointed, two distally blunt and one distally curved at tip (Fig. 3 G); midbody parapodia with two distally pointed aciculae each, one protruding from parapodial lobes (Fig. 3 H); posterior segments with one blunt, slightly acuminate acicula per parapodium (Fig. 3 I). Pharynx similar in length or shorter than proventricle, through 12 segments; conical tooth on anterior margin (Fig. 3 A). Proventricle extending through 15 segments, with about 39 rows of muscle cells (Fig. 3 A). Pygidium conical with two anal cirri and a short median stylus. Reproduction. Scissiparity. Non mature stolon attached to the stock, white pale in colour with three brown lines on each segment not reaching the parapodia, the first one much more marked than the other two, 3.3 mm long, 0.5 mm wide with 28 segments (Fig. 4 A). Remarks. The morphology of the specimens agreed with previously published descriptions, except for the spinulation in the midbody chaetae that was not mentioned in Licher���s (1999) redescription. The species is characterized by its large and robust body (up to 17.2 mm long, with 115 chaetigers, following Licher 1999), its remarkable colouration in well-preserved specimens, the thick anterior cirri, and the protruding and thick aciculae in the midbody parapodia. The AM specimens only differ from those collected in New Zealand in their colouration since the latter present black stripes instead of the red-brown ones of the Australian material. Syllis variegata Grube, 1860 is the most similar species morphologically, but it has a narrower body, with fewer aciculae in the anterior parapodia and without the spurs on the shafts of posterior chaetae (Fig. 3 D). After examining the holotype of S. magnapalpa, we concluded that the synonymy with S. crassicirrata (Licher 1999) is not valid, since the chaetae of the former are almost unidentate, instead of distinctly bidentate as in the latter. Furthermore, we also conclude that one of the specimens identified as Typosyllis (Typosyllis) krohni by Hartmann-Schroder (1991) from Heron Island, belongs in fact to S. crassicirrata n. comb. and the specimen identified as S. variegata by Aguado et al. (2012) from Galicia (Spain) belongs to S. compacta Gravier, 1900. Habitat. Algae, coarse sediment. Distribution. Hawaii, Polynesia, New Zealand, Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Western Australia, Victoria)., Published as part of ��lvarez-Campos, Patricia, Riesgo, Ana, Hutchings, Pat & Mart��n, Guillermo San, 2015, The genus Syllis Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 (Annelida, Syllidae) from Australia. Molecular analysis and re-description of some poorly-known species, pp. 297-331 in Zootaxa 4052 (2) on pages 306-309, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244331, {"references":["Treadwell, A. L. (1925) Polychaetous Annelids of tropical central Pacific. Bulletin of Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 27, 113 - 119.","Hartman, O. (1966) Polychaetous Annelids of the Hawaiian Islands. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers, 23 (11), 163 - 252.","Licher, F. (1999) Revision der Gattung Typosyllis Langerhans, 1879 (Polychaeta: Syllidae). Morphologie, Taxonomie und Phylogenie. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 551, 1 - 336.","Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1979) Teil 2. Die Polychaeten der tropischen Nordwestkuste Australiens (Zwischen Port Samson in Norden und Port Hedland in Suden). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 76, 75 - 218.","Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1978) Einige Sylliden-Arten (Polychaeta) von Hawaii und der Karibischen Meer. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 75, 49 - 61.","Ehlers E. (1864) Die Borstenwurmer (Annelida Chaetopoda) nach Systematischen und anatomischen Untersuchungen. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 270 pp.","Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1991) Teil 16. Die Polychaeten der subtropisch-tropischen bis tropischen Ostkuste Australiens zwischen Maclean (New South Wales) und Gladstone (Queensland) sowie von Heron Island (Groβes Barriere-Riff). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 88, 17 - 71.","Aguado, M. T., San Martin, G. & Siddall, M. E. (2012) Systematics and evolution of syllids (Syllidae, Annelida). Cladistics, 28, 234 - 230. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2011.00377. x"]}

Syllis gracilis Grube, 1840 Figures 9 A, B, F 1, F 2, 10 A���E Syllis gracilis Grube 1840: 77. Langerhans 1879: 540, figs. 8 a���c. Fauvel 1923: 259, figs. 96 f���i. Campoy 1982: 368, pl. 31, figs. a���l. Hartmann-Schr��der 1996: 150, fig. 65 a���d. Syllis (Syllis) gracilis Day 1967: 241, fig. 12.I. m���p. Ben-Eliahu 1977: 7. Material examined. Non-type specimens. AUSTRALIA. QUEENSLAND. Lizard Island, MacGillivray Reef, 14 �� 38 ' 52 "S, 145 �� 29 ' 12 "E, 10 m depth, 31 Aug 2010, 1 specimen (AM W 41691); Lizard Island, south of Mermaid Cove, 14 �� 38 ' 53 "S, 145 �� 27 '00"E, 14.5 m depth, 1 Sep 2010, 1 specimen (AM W 41701); South of Smoky Cape, Black Rocks, 30 �� 56 ' 59 "S, 153 ��04' 29 "E, reef rock encrusted with red and green algal turf, 10.3 m depth, 10 Feb 2002, 1 specimen mounted for SEM (AM W 33281.001); Cassini Island, fore-reef slope, 13 �� 56 ' 59 "S, 125 �� 37 ' 15 "E, 11 m depth, 17 Oct 2010, 1 specimen mounted for SEM (AM W 41619.001). WESTERN AUSTRALIA. Cassini Island, fore-reef slope, 13 �� 56 ���01���S, 125 �� 37 ���09���E, hard coals, encrusting soft corals and hydroids, 12 m depth, 16 Oct 2010, 1 specimen (AM W 41533); Ningaloo Reef, 22 �� 45 ' 24 "S, 113 �� 39 '00"E, epifauna under rock, 15 m depth, 17 May 2009, 1 specimen (AM W 41633). MEDITERRANEAN SEA. Spain, M��laga, Nerja, 36 �� 44 ���28.85������N 3 �� 52 ���47.15������W, Dec. 1982 - Aug. 1983, id. San Mart��n, 2003, several specimens (MNCN 16.01/ 8927, 8928, 8936, 8938, 8948). Morphologically similar species. Syllis ypsiloides Aguado, San Mart��n & Ten Hove, 2008. Indonesia, NE coast of Sumba, 09�� 57 'S 120 �� 48 'E, sandy bottom, sponges and gorgonians, 50 m, 1.2 m Agassiz trawl, Snellius II, Sta. 4.068, 16 Sept. 1984, 1 paratype mounted for SEM (ZMA V.Pol. 5266). Syllis picta n. comb. (see material studied below). Description. Longest examined specimen incomplete, 20 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, with 66 chaetigers. Body robust, anterior segments pigmented with two thin black lines (Fig. 9 A). Prostomium oval, wider than long, with two pairs of red eyes in trapezoidal arrangement (Figs 9 A, 10 A). Median antenna inserted on middle of prostomium, between anterior pair of eyes, with 15���16 articles (Figs 9 A, 10 A); lateral antennae shorter, inserted at anterior margin of prostomium, with 13���14 articles (Figs 9 A, 10 A). Palps triangular, longer than prostomium. Nuchal organs not seen. Peristomium shorter than subsequent segments (Fig. 10 A). Dorsal tentacular cirri similar in length to median antenna, with 17���18 articles, ventral ones shorter with 14���15 articles (Figs 9 A, 10 A). Anterior dorsal cirri with 12���14 articles (Figs 9 A, 10 A); midbody and posterior dorsal cirri spindle-shape, shorter than anterior ones, with 6���8 articles (Figs 9 B, F 1). Small vesicles observed in some midbody cirri (Fig. 9 F 1). Anterior and midbody parapodia each with 6���8 bidentate, falciger chaetae. Bidentate blades with both teeth similar in length, and several spines on margin. Blades of dorsalmost falcigers longer than of ventralmost ones in anterior parapodia (Fig. 10 B, C); spines of blades of midbody falcigers slightly larger than those of anterior falcigers (Fig. 10 B���D). Midbody and posterior parapodia with 2���3 ypsiloid chaetae each, originating from fusion of blade and shaft, fusion line only distinguishable in some chaetae (Figs 9 F 2, 10 E); some parapodia with one falcigerous chaetae with short unidentate blade. Four aciculae in each anterior parapodia, all of them distally curved; midbody with 2���3 aciculae per parapodium, one straight, one distally curved and one distally pointed; only one acicula in each posterior parapodia, straight or slightly curved at tip. Pharynx similar in length to proventricle, extending through 10���11 segments; conical tooth located on anterior margin. Proventricle through 12 segments with about 45 muscle cell rows. Remarks. The most similar species to Syllis gracilis, are Syllis ypsiloides Aguado, San Mart��n & Ten Hove, 2008 and Syllis picta n. comb. Both S. ypsiloides and Syllis picta n. comb. differ from S. gracilis in the number per parapodium and shape of ypsiloid chaetae, since they only present one thin ypsiloid chaetae, with a clearly discernible fusion line (see Figs 9 F 4, 10 H���I, and Aguado et al. 2008), whereas S. gracilis presents two thick and well-fused ypsiloid chaetae (Figs 9 F 2, 10 E). In addition, Syllis picta n. comb. differs from S. gracilis in body width, colour pattern and length of pharynx and proventricle (see description below and Figs 9���10). Syllis gracilis and S. picta n. comb present thick and short dorsal cirri on midbody segments, instead those from S. ypsiloides that are short and slender. Syllis gracilis and S. ypsiloides present two chaetae in midbody parapodia, but they both are ypsiloid in the former, whereas S. ypsiloides only has one ypsiloid chaetae and the other falcigerous. Syllis picta n. comb. always present three chaetae on midbody parapodia, two falcigerous and one ypsiloid. Habitat. Coral rubble, algae. Distribution. Apparently worldwide distributed. Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia)., Published as part of ��lvarez-Campos, Patricia, Riesgo, Ana, Hutchings, Pat & Mart��n, Guillermo San, 2015, The genus Syllis Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 (Annelida, Syllidae) from Australia. Molecular analysis and re-description of some poorly-known species, pp. 297-331 in Zootaxa 4052 (2) on pages 315-317, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244331, {"references":["Grube, A. E. (1840) Actinien, Echinodermen und Wurmer des Adriatischen und Mittelmeers. J. H. Bon. Konigsberg, 19 pp.","Langerhans, P. (1879) Die Wurmfauna von Madeira. Zeitschrift Fur Wissenschaftliche Zoology, 32, 513 - 592.","Fauvel, P. (1923) Faune de France Vol. 5. Polychetes Errantes. Librairie de la Faculte des Sciences Paul Le Chevalier, Paris, 488 pp.","Campoy, A. (1982) Fauna de Annelidos Poliquetos de la Peninsula Iberica (parts 1, 2). Publicaciones de Biologia Universidad de Navarra, Series Zoologicas, 7, 781 pp.","Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1996) Annelida, Borstenwurmer, Polychaeta. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, vol. 58. Gustav Fischer Veerlag, Jena, 648 pp.","Day, J. H. (1967) A monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa, vol. 29. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History) London 878 pp.","Ben-Eliahu, N. M. (1977) Polychaete cryptofauna from rims of similar intertidal vermetid reefs on the Mediterranean coast of Israel and in the Gulf of Elat: Syllinae and Eusyllinae (Polychaeta Errantia: Syllidae). Israel Journal of Zoology, 26, 1 - 58."]}

Álvarez-Campos, Patricia, Martín, Guillermo San, Aguado, M. Teresa (2013): A new species and new record of the commensal genus Alcyonosyllis Glasby & Watson, 2001 and a new species of Parahaplosyllis Hartmann-Schröder, 1990, (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Philippines Islands. Zootaxa 3734 (2): 156-168, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3734.2.4

Alcyonosyllis aidae, n. sp. Figs 1 –4 Material examined. HOLOTYPE (NMA 004438), 7 paratypes (NMA 0 0 4439, MNCN 16.01 / 14693) and 4 detached stolons (MNCN 16.01 / 14694) fixed in formaldehyde; 26 paratypes fixed in ethanol (NMA 0 0 4440, MNCN 16.01 / 14695) and 2 mounted for SEM (MNCN 16.01 / 14692). Philippines Islands: "Mainif point", between Balayan Bay and Batangas bay, Luzón Island, 13 º 40 ’ 48 ’’N – 120 º 51 ’ 20 ’’E, Dendronephthya sp. on soft bottom, 10 m deep, 8 December 2010. Comparative material. Alcyonosyllis phili, one paratype (MNCN 16.01 / 16.01 / 8712), East Arm Port, Darwin Harbour, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, 12 º 29 ' 4 "S – 130 º 53 ' 9 "E; Alcyonosyllis glasbyi, 7 paratypes (MNCN 16.01 / 9043–9049) Ohura Bay, Shimoda, Izu Peninsula, Shizuoka, Japan, 34 º 57 'N – 138 º 57 'E, in Melithaea flabellifera from shallow water of rocky shore, 3–15 m depth, May-July 2002. Alcyonosyllis exiliformis, 1 specimen mounted for SEM (MNCN 16.01 / 11006), Ubara, Katsuura, Boso Peninsula, Japan, 35 º07' 55 ''N – 140 º 17 ' 16 ''E, April 1995. Description. Holotype longest complete specimen, 13 mm long, 0.35 mm wide (without parapodia), 78 chaetigers; developing stolon of 4 mm long, 1 mm wide, 19 chaetigers; stolons remarkably wider than stocks (Fig. 1 A, B), without capillary natatory chaetae, only neurochaetae. Body elongated, relatively slender, tapered on tips, brightly coloured, with a median longitudinal, slender red line, densely pigmented, and two wider lateral bands less densely pigmented, giving a tri-lineate appearance (Figs 1 A–D; 2 A–C); in some specimens, lateral lines appearing as triangular areas on each side (Figs. 1 A, B); colour pattern starts on posterior part of prostomium (Fig. 2 A). Some specimens more strongly pigmented than others; some specimens with only three red spots on posterior segments, one central and two laterals, close to insertion of dorsal cirri. One rounded red spot on bases of dorsal cirri in some specimens. Living specimens can change the concentration of pigment on laterals and which changes their appearance, from uniform lateral bands to sinuose (as shown in Fig. 1 A–D). Prostomium oval to semicircular (Figs 2 A, 4 A, B), with two pairs of small eyes in trapezoidal arrangement, all similar in size (Fig. 2 A). Median antenna inserted slightly anteriorly to posterior pair of eyes, usually posteriorly directed, about three times longer than combined length of palps and prostomium (Fig. 2 A); lateral antennae inserted on anterior margin (Figs 2 A, 4 A, B), in front of anterior pair of eyes, about 2 / 3 of median antenna length. Peristomium well defined, slightly shorter than subsequent segments, with a small lip covering posterior part of prostomium (Figs 2 A, 4 A, B); dorsal tentacular cirri (peristomial cirri) somewhat longer than median antenna; ventral tentacular cirri similar in size to lateral antennae (Fig. 2 A). Dorsal cirri of first chaetiger distinctly longer than median antenna, about 4.5 times longer than chaetiger 1 width; dorsal cirri of second chaetiger distinctly shorter, similar to second chaetiger width; dorsal cirri of third chaetiger slightly shorter than dorsal cirri of first chaetiger (Fig. 2 A); from fifth chaetiger backwards alternating short cirri, similar or slightly longer than body width, and long cirri, about 3.5 times longer than body width (Fig. 2 B, C), shorter on posterior segments. Antennae, tentacular and dorsal cirri smooth to weakly articulated, filiform (Figs 2 A–C, 4 A, B); long cirri of most anterior segments slightly rugose and weakly articulated (Figs 2 A, 4 A, B). Dorsal cirri of first chaetiger somewhat thicker than remaining (Figs 2 A, 4 A, B). Parapodia blunt, short, slightly bilobed distally (Figs 2 B, C, 3 C, 4 E). Ventral cirri digitiform. Chaetae all simple, relatively thick, distally hooked, with subdistal boss more or less marked; 2–3 chaetae per parapodium, unidentate or bidentate, with distal tooth larger than proximal one; single chaeta in some parapodia of some specimens. Some variability in distribution of chaetae; anterior and midbody parapodia usually with 2 chaetae, one longer bidentate and another unidentate, or sometimes two, one short and unidentate, with small boss (Figs 3 B, 4 C, D); posterior parapodia with three chaetae, two unidentate and one bidentate (Fig. 3 C) or one unidentate, without boss, and two distinctly bidentate (Fig. 4 E). Up to four chaetae on anterior parapodia of some specimens, two larger and two smaller. Anterior parapodia with three slender, straight, distally broad aciculae; single acicula in posterior parapodia. Pharynx extending through three segments; pharyngeal tooth on anterior margin. Proventricle short, extending through 2.5–3 segments (Fig. 2 A), with about 30 muscle cell rows. Pygidium small, with 2 long anal cirri, similar to dorsal cirri. Reproductive mode. Several specimens with attached developing stolons, about 25 chaetigers, with a tail of regeneration on ventral side, just in front of head of stolon (Figs 1 A, arrow, 3 A). Detached stolons 5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, with about 25 chaetigers, with similar colour pattern as stock, (Fig. 1 C), usually more marked, and two red spots on each segment on ventral side (Fig. 1 B). They present a “head” bilobed, one pair of dorsal eyes, one pair of ventral eyes, two short unarticulated antennae, and two small palps, ventrally directed (Figs 1 A–E, 3 A). Three to four chaetae per parapodium, two bidentate with subdistal boss and one or two unidentate, with or without boss; all of them similar to those of the adult, embed within the parapodium for most of their length. The stolons do not present natatory chaetae. Remarks. Alcyonosyllis aidae n. sp. is characterized by its colour pattern, which is different to all other species of the genus, having a tri-lineate appearance, the first pair of dorsal cirri thicker than remaining and rugose, and 2–3 chaetae per parapodium, bidentate with small proximal tooth and unidentate with or without subdistal boss. It is close to Alcyonosyllis sp. (Glasby & Aguado 2009) in the number and shape of chaetae although the distal tooth of bidentate chaetae is larger in the new species; furthermore, aciculae on anterior parapodia are remarkably different between these speces and the distinctly shaped cirrophores (as a constricted rings) of Alcyonosyllis sp. is not present in Alcyonosyllis aidae n.sp. Alcyonosyllis bisetosa has only two chaetae per parapodium, with a stronger boss and larger proximal tooth in some parapodia. Alcyonosyllis xeniaeicola has 2–4 chaetae per parapodium, all unidentate as those from Alcyonosyllis hinterkircheri. Alcyonosyllis phili and Alcyonosyllis glasbyi present chaetae with very slight subdistal boss and bidentate chaetae with a minute tooth below the hook, much shorter than those from the bidentate chaetae of the new species. Habitat. On soft coral Dendronephthya sp. living on shallow sand. Distribution. Only known from the type-locality. Etymology. The species is named in honor to Aida Verdes, colleague and friend, for her useful advice and her help collecting and sorting material in different field trips.

Genus Alcyonosyllis Glasby & Watson, 2001 Alcyonosyllis Glasby & Watson, 2001: 43 –52. Type species: Alcyonosyllis phili Glasby & Watson, 2001.

Parahaplosyllis kumpol n. sp. Figs 5, 6 Material examined. HOLOTYPE (NMA 004441). Philippines Islands: Sombrero Island, Balayan Bay, Luzón Island, 13 º 41 ’ 52 ’’N – 120 º 49 ’ 47 ’’E, coral rubble, 2–8 m deep, 6 December 2010. Aditional material. One middle section mounted for SEM (MNCN 16.01 / 14699) and one posterior part with stolons fixed in ethanol (MNCN 16.01 / 14696). Philippines Islands: "Mainif point", between Balayan Bay and Batangas bay, Luzón Island, 13 º 40 ’ 48 ’’N – 120 º 51 ’ 20 ’’E, coral rubble, 20 m deep, 8 December 2010. Comparative material. Parahaplosyllis brevicirra. Holotype (ZMH P– 19959) and Paratype (ZMH P– 19960) Australia, New South Wales: Maclean, algae, intertidal, 18 Jan 1976, G. Hartmann-Schröder coll.; 1 specimen on SEM stub (AM W 26328) Northeast corner of Clark Island, 33 º 51.85 ’S – 151 º 14.47 ’E, encrustation on outside of bottle, 5 m, P. Hutchings coll., 17 Apr 1996; 1 specimen (AM W 26341) 50 m west of Split Solitary Island, 30 º 14.0’S 153 º 10.8 ’E, Herdmania momus, rocks, sponges and ascidians, 16 m, P. Hutchings & C. Rose coll., 7 Mar 1992; 2 specimens (AM W 26327) 400 yards south of southern entrance to Jervis Bay, 35 º 7 ’S – 150 º 46 ’E, 23 m, P. Hutchings coll., 22 Jul 1972; 1 specimen (AM W 36259) Pontoon 400 m east of The Basin, Pittwater, 33 ° 36.15 'S – 151 ° 17.82 'E, pontoon epibionts, 11 m, M. Capa & AM staff coll., 4 Mar 2009; 5 specimens (NSW 3399, AM W 35528) White Bay Berth 3, Sydney Harbour, 33 ° 51.78 ’S – 151 ° 11 'E, wharf epibionts, 11 m, M. Capa & AM staff coll., 5 Mar 2009; 17 specimens (AM W 35529) East side of Cockatoo Island, Sydney Harbour, 33 ° 50.88 'S – 151 ° 10.5 'E, pontoon epibionts, 4.4 m, M. Capa & AM staff coll., 5 Mar 2009. Description. One anterior fragment (holotype) of 3.4 mm long, 0.7 mm wide, 34 chaetigers, one midbody fragment (used for SEM), 2.1 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, 23 chaetigers, and a posterior part of 48 chaetigers, 6.5 mm long, 0.6 mm wide. Body elongated, strongly flattened, with numerous short segments (Figs 5 A, 6 C); opaque, yellowish in alcohol. Prostomium subcircular, proportionally large, (Fig. 5 A); four eyes in rectangular arrangement and two anterior eyespots (Fig. 5 A). Antennae shorter than prostomium, inserted on anterior margin of prostomium, directed posteriorly (Fig. 5 A); median antenna slightly longer than lateral antenna (left one missing), with about five articles; lateral right antenna with 3–4 articles. Palps small, short, completely separate (Fig. 5 A, B). Peristomium dorsally reduced, indistinct (Fig. 5 A); ventrally well developed (Fig. 5 B); two pairs of short tentacular cirri; dorsal tentacular cirri slightly longer than lateral antennae, with about 6 articles (left one missing); ventral tentacular cirri with single, rounded article (Fig. 5 B). Dorsal cirri all short, distinctly articulated (Figs 5 A, 6 C), longer than parapodial lobes, with about four articles on most anterior segments, only three after segments 5 or 6 (Figs 5 A, 6 C). Cilia present at bases of dorsal cirri (Fig. 6 E). Ventral cirri ovate (Fig. 5 B). Parapodial lobes conical (Fig. 5 A). Parapodia each with two simple chaetae (Figs 5 A, 6 D, F); one long, relatively slender, distally pointed, acuminate, unidentate, smooth (Figs 5 A, C, 6 D, F), and another robust simple, thick, bidentate, with slightly curved, basal spur (Figs 5 A, D, 6 D, F). Acicula solitary, slender, distally pointed (Figs 5 E, 6 D, F). Pharynx long, slender, with proximal coil (Fig. 5 A), through 6 chaetigers; pharyngeal armature not seen. Proventricle short, through about 3 segments, with about 16–18 muscle cell rows. Pygidium not seen. Posterior fragment with two stolons and regenerating segments on ventral side at junction of body with stolon (Fig. 6 A). Reproductive mode. One posterior part of a specimen with two attached dicerous (two pairs of eyes and one pair of small unarticulated antennae) stolons developing dorsally in bunch (Fig. 6 A), and beginning a ventral regeneration of segments. Longest dorsal stolon is 2.8 mm long, with 25 chaetigers; without natatory chaetae, “head” with two lateral short, unarticulated appendages, two dorsal and two ventral eyes (Fig. 6 A, B). Shorter stolon is 1.2 mm long with 23 chaetigers, without eyes or appendages. Both stolons without natatory chaetae. Remarks. This is the second known species of the genus, and the first report of Parahaplosyllis outside Australia. The type-species of the genus, P. brevicirra, is larger, with weakly articulated dorsal cirri, much longer proventricle, bidentate dorsal simple chaeta, and ventral simple chaeta with much larger, strongly curved basal spur (Hartmann-Schröder 1990; San Martín et al. 2010). Ecology. Among coral rubble, 2–8 m depth. Etymology. The name “ kumpol ” in Tagalog (the Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines Islands), meaning bunch, which describes the arrangement of the stolon. Distribution. Luzón Island, Philippines. Discussion A revision of the genera Alcyonosyllis and Parahaplosyllis from the Philippines has been performed. Two new species are described: Alcyonosyllis aidae n. sp., and Parahaplosyllis kumpol n. sp., and for the first time, different types of reproductive forms are described for both genera. Apparently, stolons of A. aidae n.sp. agree with Chaetosyllis (Dicerous) type, as other species of the genus, but these specimens also present a pair of small, ventrally-directed palps. This kind of stolon also agrees with the definition of Tetracerous (two palps and two antennae), but the known stolons of this type have the antennae articulated and the palps are longer and frontally directed (San Martín 2003). The Pentacerous type also present a pair of small ventrally-directed palps as those of our species, but it also has three articulated antennae. It could be a different, unnamed kind of stolon, but our knowledge about the evolution and phylogenetic significance of the stolons is still limited. Furthermore, this is the first report of a species of the genus lacking the natatory chaetae. Alcyonosyllis phili was reported with “epitokal chaetae not fully mature” (Glasby & Watson 2001), but none of our specimens, including detached ones, present any kind of natatory chaetae. The association with other organisms may be an important factor in the lack these chaetae, which is a convergent character in many other different genera such as Parahaplosyllis or Haplosyllis. It is also the first time that a bunch of stolons are described in Parahaplosyllis. It is quite surprising the simultaneous development of two stolons, plus a regeneration of segments; development of bunches of stolons is not common in Syllidae and up to now it has been only reported in some species of its sister group, Trypanosyllis Claparède, 1864 (Okada 1933; Jonson 1902; Izuka 1906; Potts 1913; Nogueira & Fukuda 2008).

Alcyonosyllis hinterkircheri Glasby & Aguado, 2009 Glasby & Aguado 2009: 57, figs. 1���3. Material examined. 6 specimens (CASIZ 187245). Philippines, Luz��n Island, Batangas Province; Calumpan Peninsula, Maricaban Strait, Basketball dive site, 13. 69 �� N 120 �� 89 �� E, 54���73 m, depth, coral rubble, J. Comendador coll., 11 May 2011. Hearst Philippine Biodiversity Expedition 2011, Christina Pietrowski, California Academy of Sciencies, Invertebrate Zoology. Habitat. Previously known only from shallow waters, on live corals; the range of depth is increased to 73 m depth. Distribution. This species was known only from Panglao Island (SW of Bohol Island), Philippines. This is the first report for Luz��n Island and the first report since the original description., Published as part of ��lvarez-Campos, Patricia, Mart��n, Guillermo San & Aguado, M. Teresa, 2013, A new species and new record of the commensal genus Alcyonosyllis Glasby & Watson, 2001 and a new species of Parahaplosyllis Hartmann-Schr��der, 1990, (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Philippines Islands, pp. 156-168 in Zootaxa 3734 (2) on page 163, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3734.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/216939

Branchiosyllis exilis (Gravier, 1900) Syllis (Typosyllis) exilis Gravier 1900: 160, Figs 28–30. Branchiosyllis abranchiata Hartmann-Schröder 1965, Figs 39–42. Syllis (Typosyllis) fuscosuturata Augener 1922: 43. Syllis fuscosuturata Monro, 1933: 32, Fig. 14. Branchiosyllis fuscosuturata (Augener, 1922).- Westheide 1974: 60. Syllis (Typosyllis) plessisi Rullier, 1972: 167 Trypanosyllis uncinigera Hartmann-Schröder 1960: 86, Figs 54–58. Branchiosyllis uncinigera Harlock & Laubier 1966: 18, Figs 1–3. Material examined. Holotype (MNHN 143), Djibouti, Gulf of Aden; Mediterranean Sea: 1 specimen (MNCN 16.01 /6551), Cabo Blanco, west of Mallorca Island, Baleares Islands, 39º19’22’’N – 2º59’01’’E, 10 m deep, coll. Fauna III (229 B7), 2 July 1994; Philippines Islands: 1 specimen (MNCN 16.01 /14323), “Popollcan”, El Nido, Palawan Island, 11º11’50’’N – 119º17’06’’E, coral rubble, 3 m deep, “South Intalula”, El Nido, Palawan Island, 11º08'01"N – 119º19'02"E, sandy bottom, 5 m deep, 15 December 2010; 4 specimens (MNCN 16.01 /14324), Twin Rocks, El Nido, Palawan Island, 11º15’24’’N – 119º41’41’’E, coral rubble, 6 m deep, 17 December 2010. West Australia: 4 specimens, (AM W30095), Kimberley region, Bernouli Island, 15°S – 124°47'E, sandy substrate with coral rubble, intertidal, 12 July 1988; 1 specimen (AM W30099), SW corner of Lucas Island, 15°13'S – 124°31'E, dead coral substrate, 2–30 m, 24 July 1988; 10 specimens (AM W30101), inshore reef off Neds Camp, Cape Range National Park, 21°59'S – 113°59'E, Caulerpa sp., 1 m deep, coll. J.K. Lowry, 2 January 1984; 1 specimen (AM W33390), Monkey Mia, Shark Bay, 25º48’00’’S – 113º45’41’’E, unidentified sponges, 1 m deep, 17 June 2008; 1 specimen, Ningaloo St., 20, 22º50’40’’S – 113º46’09’’E, coral rubble, 5.2 m deep, 14 June 2008. West Panamá, Coiba National Park: 1 specimen (MNCN 16.01 /11542), Islote Santa Cruz, 7º38'00'' N – 81º47'20'' W, 16 m deep, 7 February 1997; 1 specimen (MNCN 16.01 /11583), Playa Rosario, 7º38'30'' N – 81º41'40''W, coral rubble, 2.5 m deep, 16 November 1997; 1 specimen (MNCN 16.01 /11584), Isla del Canal de Afuera, 7º41'50'' N –81º38'25'', coral rubble, 4.5 m deep, 15 November 1997; 7 specimens (MNCN 16.01 /11587), Isla de Uvas, 7º49'00''N – 81º46'00”W, coral rubble, 3 m deep, 6 February, 1997; 1 specimen (MNCN 16.01 /11726), Playa Rosario, 7º38'30''N – 81º41'40''W, coral rubble, 1.2 m deep, 10 September 1998; 2 specimens (MNCN 16.01 /11727), Isla de Granito de Oro, 7º37'50'' N – 81º44'30''W, coral rubble, 2 m deep, 6 September 1997; 2 specimens (MNCN 16.01 /11728), Isla Jicarita, 7º37'50''N – 81º44'30''W, 12 m deep, 9 February 1997; 1 specimen (MNCN 16.01 /11733), Ensenada María, 7º24'20''N – 81º41'00''W, algae, 4 m deep, 23 June 1996; 1 specimen (MNCN 16.01 /11734), Isla de Granito de Oro, 7º35'30'' N – 81º42'20''W, algae, 3 m deep, 20 June 1996; 4 specimens (MNCN 16.01 /11735), Isla de Uvas, 7º49'00''N – 81º46'00''W, coral rubble, 6 m deep, 6 February 1997; 1 specimen (MNCN 16.01 /11736), Ensenada María, 7º24'20''N – 81º41'00''W, coral rubble, 4 m deep, 23 June 1996; 12 specimens (MNCN 16.01 /11739), Isla de Uvas, 7º49'00'' N – 81º46'00'' W, coral rubble, 3 m deep, 6 February 1997; 1 specimen (MNCN 16.01 /11740), Isla del Canal de Afuera, 7º41'50''N – 81º38'25''W, coral rubble, 6 m deep, 12 February 1997; 6 specimen (MNCN 16.01 / 11741), Ensenada María, 7º24'20''N – 81º41'00''W, coral rubble, 3 m deep, 14 February 1997; 1specimen (MNCN 16.01 /11743), Islote Santa Cruz, 7º38'00''N – 81º47'20''W, coral rubble, 14 m deep, 6 February, 1997. Caribbean Sea, Cuba: 10 specimens, (16.01/751) Cayo Matías, isla de Pinos, archipiélago de los Canarreos, 21º34’28’’N – 82º26’01’’W, Halimeda sp., 3m deep, 1990. Comparative material. Syllis (Typosyllis) plessisi Rullier, 1972 (Branchiosyllis plessisi sensu Westheide, 1974), Holotype, (MNHN IRFA SYL Y14) coll. Rullier, New Caledonia, Pins Island, coral, 15 m deep, 21 August 1961. Description. Body slender, cylindrical, variable in pigmentation (i.e. colourless, complety reddish to orange or with black lines in some parapodia). Prostomium rounded with four eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement. Median antenna longer than combined length of prostomium and palps, inserted between anterior eyes; lateral antennae inserted on anterior margin of prostomium, shorter than median antenna. Palps similar in length to prostomium. Dorsal tentacular cirri similar in length to median antenna, ventral ones shorter than dorsal tentacular cirri. Dorsal cirri similar in length or longer than total body width. Parapodial lobes distally bilobed. Compound bidentate chaetae on anterior and midbody parapodia; blades with spines on margin and shafts with distal spines. In posterior chaetigers, falcigers become unidentate with curved tips and distally curved shafts with small spines; most ventral chaetae present the ungulae rotated 180º, with short, smooth shafts. Four anterior aciculae, three straight, pointed, and one distally curving; only two aciculae on posterior parapodia, one straight and the other one slightly oblique at tip, protruding from parapodia. Pharynx through about six to eight segments; pharyngeal tooth located anteriorly, surrounded by crown of ten soft papillae. Proventricle longer than pharynx, through nine segments. Pygidium small with two anal cirri similar in shape and length to dorsal cirri. Remarks. Although there are many small differences among the Branchiosyllis exilis specimens from different localities, all them have anterior compound falcigers and posterior ungulae but no other particular feature, such as branchiae (e.g., B. lamellifera, B. oculata, B. pacifica) or distinct ungulae in all parapodia (e.g., B. baringabooreen, B. carmenroldanae) (Table 1). All these small differences among the studied specimens, though not clear enough to be considered as diagnostic of different taxa may suggest that there are several sibling species traditionally named as Branchiosyllis exilis. Future molecular studies may be able to validate this hypothesis or, by contrast, confirm that it is a unique species with an intraspecific variability associated with different geographical regions. In the meantime, the small morphological differences found during the study of a large amount of material from diverse geographical areas allow us to tentatively join them into two groups. On the one hand, revised specimens from Cuba, Australia and Panamá have slender and large (longer than the total body width, 30–40 articles) cirri, and are similar with those reported from the Galapagos Islands by Westheide (1974) and from Indonesia by Aguado et al. (2008). On the other hand, specimens from the Mediterranean Sea and Philippines Islands have cirri with 15–25 articles (this paper, San Martín 2003). In addition, the anterior chaetael falcigers (i.e. on segments before proventricle) show a dorso-ventral gradation in falciger length in the specimens from the Mediterranean Sea, Cuba, Australia, and the holotype. These specimens also have bidentate blades, the dorsal ones with distal tooth equal or slightly larger than proximal one, and the ventral ones with a distal tooth much larger than the proximal one (in agreement with Aguado et al. 2008 for Indonesian material). The specimens from Panamá and Philippines Islands have bidentate falcigers similar in length, with distal and proximal teeth equal in size. Other features, such as the first segment with ungulae, the body length, and the colour pattern (often not well preserved) are highly variable and thus not useful to discriminate material (Table 1). The holotype of Syllis (Typosyllis) plessisi Rullier, 1972, from New Caledonia, considered as a synonym of B. exilis (Westheide 1974, Licher 1999; San Martín et al. 2008) has also been examined. Although the slide is in poor condition, the specimen agrees with Australian specimens and belongs to the group with large and slender dorsal cirri and chaetae with dorso-ventral gradation in falciger length. The specimens do not present the bidentate ungulae drawn by Rullier (1972) in anterior segments. Habitat. Shallow waters, on sponges, algae, gorgonians and coral rubble. Distribution. Apparently circumtropical, also present in the warmest waters of the Mediterranean., Published as part of Álvarez-Campos, Patricia, Martín, Guillermo San & Aguado, M. Teresa, 2012, The genus Branchiosyllis Ehlers, 1887 from Philippines Islands, with the description of two new species, pp. 49-68 in Zootaxa 3542 on pages 57-58, {"references":["Gravier, Ch. (1900) Contribution a l'etude des Annelides Polychetes de la Mer Rouge. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Ser. 4, 137 - 282.","Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1965) Zur Kenntnis der eulitoralen Polychaetenfauna von Hawaii, Palmyra und Samoa. Abhandlungen und Verhandlungen des Naturwissensschaflichen Vereins in Hamburg 9, 81 - 161.","Augener, H. (1922) Ueber litorale Polychaeten von Westindian. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 3 - 5, 38 - 53.","Westheide, W. (1974) Interstitielle Fauna von Galapagos. XI. Pisionidae, Pilargidae, Syllidae. Mikrofauna Meeresbodens, 44, 195 - 338.","Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1960) Polychaeten aus dem Roten Meer. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 16, 69 - 125.","San Martin, G. (2003) Annelida, Polychaeta II: Syllidae. In: Ramos, M. A. (Ed.), Fauna Iberica, Vol. 21. MuseoNacional de Ciencias Naturales CSIC, Madrid, pp. 1 - 554.","Licher, F. (1999) Revision der Gattung Typosyllis Langerhans, 1879 (Polychaeta: Syllidae). Morphologie, Taxonomie und Phylogenie. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 551, 1 - 336.","San Martin, G., Hutchings, P. & Aguado, M. T. (2008) Syllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia. Part 1. Genera Branchiosyllis, Eurysyllis, Karroonsyllis, Parasphaerosyllis, Plakosyllis, Rhopalosyllis, Tetrapalpia n. gen., and Xenosyllis. Records of the Australian Museum, 60, 119 - 160."]}

Branchiosyllis australis n. comb. (Hartmann-Schröder, 1981) Figs 1A, C, E Branchiosyllis pacifica australis Hartmann-Schröder 1981: 23, Figs 14–18. Branchiosyllis oculata Non Ehlers, 1887, San Martín, Hutchings and Aguado 2008: 134, Figs 12A–E, 13C–F, 15A. Material examined. 6 specimens (1 mounted for SEM). Luzón Island, Balayan Bay: 2 specimens (MNCN 16.01/ 14319), “Koala Point”, 13º41'51"N – 120º49'45"E, Thalysias sp., Acanthella sp., 5–16 m, coral rubble, 1–2 m deep, 5 December 2010; 2 specimens (MNCN 16.01/14320), Sombrero Island, 13º41’52’’N – 120º49’47’’E, coral rubble, 17 m deep, 6 December 2010; 1 specimen,“Beatrice Point”, Sombrero Island, two different unidentified sponges, 5–24 m, 9 December 2010. Palawan Island, El Nido: 2 specimens (MNCN 16.01/14321),”Twin Rocks”, 11º17'50"N – 119º19'06"E, coral rubble, 6 m deep, 17 December, 2010. Comparative material. Branchiosyllis pacifica, Coiba National Park, Chiquirí Gulf, West Panamá: 1 specimen (MNCN 16.01 /11585), Uvas Island, 7º49'00'' N – 81º46'00'' W, coral rubble, 3 m deep, 6 February 1997; 5 specimens (MNCN 16.01 /11586), Canal de Afuera Island, 7º41'50'' N – 81º38'25'' W, coral rubble, 6 m deep, 12 February 1997; 1 specimen (MNCN 16.01 /11588), Uvas Island, 7º49'00'' N – 81º46'00'' W, coral rubble, 3 m deep, 6 February 1997; 1 specimen (MNCN 16.01 /1706), Granito de Oro Island, 7º35'30'' N – 81º42'20'' W, coral rubble, 4.5 m deep, 19 November 1997; 1 specimen (MNCN 16.01 /11710), Uvas Island, coral rubble, 16 m deep, 7 February 1997; 1 specimen (MNCN 16.01 /11725), Jicarita Island, Gulf of Chiriquí, 7º37'50'' N – 81º44'30'' W, 12 m deep, 9 February 1997; 1 specimen (MNCN 16.01 /11742), Cirilo tip, 7º36'10'' N – 81º50'10'' W, 4–9 m deep, 9 February 1997. Branchiosyllis oculata, 1 Syntype (YPMNH 6745), Key West, Florida, USA. Caribbean Sea, Cuba: 12 specimens (1 mounted for SEM) (MNCN 16.01 /752), Canal de los Vapores, Cayo Bocas de Alonso, Archipiélago de los Canarreos, 21º43’02”N – 82º28’50’’W, sponges on Rhizophora mangle roots, 0.5 m deep, April 1984. Description. Longest complete specimen 3 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, 38 segments. Body strongly dorsoventrally flattened, pigmented on each segment with a dark central wide band. Prostomiun ovate, slightly wider than long, with two pairs of small eyes in trapezoidal arrangement. Antennae inserted on anterior margin of prostomium; median antennae shorter than combined length of prostomium and palps, with nine articles; lateral antennae longer, with 15 articles. Palps triangular, shorter than prostomium, fused at base. Nuchal organs as two ciliated pits on the lateral basis of prostomium. Peristomium dorsally reduced. Dorsal tentacular cirri longer than median antenna with 24–30 articles, ventral tentacular cirri shorter than dorsal, with about 10–12 articles. Dorsal cirri of anterior four chaetigers longer, with about 20–27 articles. Subsequent cirri with 11–15 articles. Antennae, tentacular cirri and dorsal cirri spindle-shaped. Parapodia bilobed, prechaetal lobe larger than postchaetal. Small, incipient branchiae, with minutes pores, dorsally on each parapodia, with granular appearance under light microscope (Fig. 1A). Ventral cirri digitiform, almost as long as parapodial lobe, proximally inserted. Typically three to four compound chaetae per parapodium, smooth, unidentate ungulae, distinctly curved, all of them with ungulae rotated 180º (Fig. 1C, E). Ventral chaetae always larger than dorsal ones; all shafts of chaetae thick, ventral ones sligthly thicker than dorsal (Fig. 1C). Two protruding, slender, straight aciculae, one of them slightly curved on posterior parapodia (Fig. 1E). Pygidium with two anal cirri, 7–9 articles. Pharynx almost as wide as proventricle, through five segments with a small tooth, anteriorly located. Proventricle through eight segments, with 25–30 muscle cell rows. Remarks. Branchiosyllis oculata from the Caribbean differs from B. australis n. comb., from Australia and Philippines, in having large and very well developed branchiae (Fig. 1B), while they are smaller in B. australis; less curved dorsal anterior ungulae (Fig. 1D) and three parapodial lobes: prechaetal, postchaetal and ventral lobes (Fig. 1F), instead of only one prechaetal lobe present in B. australis (Fig. 1E). The Philipinnes specimens slightly differ from the Australian ones in having two aciculae (only one, thick in B. australis), one of the posterior ones slightly curved at the tip. In both populations, however, the aciculae protruded from parapodia (Fig. 1C; San Martín et al. 2008, Figs 13E, 15A). Habitat. Shallow waters, on sponges, algae and coral rubble. Distribution. Philippines Islands and North Western Australia.

Branchiosyllis maculata (Imajima, 1966) Fig. 2A Typosyllis maculata Imajima 1966: 277, Fig. 59 a–m. Branchiosyllis maculata Licher 1999: 274; Aguado et al. 2008: 10–13, Figs 3–4; San Martín et al. 2008: 131, Figs 9A–G, 10C–F, 11A–F, 13A, B. Material examined. Luzón Island, Balayan Bay: 3 specimens (MNCN 16.01/14325), "Sepok Wall", between Balayan Bay and Batangas Bay, 13º41'02"N – 120º53'45"E, unidentified sponge and gogonians, 13 m deep, coral rubble, 6 m deep, 10 December 2010; 3 specimens (MNCN 16.01/14326), 13º44'26"N – 120º53'34"E, coral rubble, 2–3 m deep, 7 December 2010; 1 specimen (MNCN 16.01/14327), "Koala Point", 13º47'56"N – 120º52'10"E, coral rubble, 1–2 m deep, 5 December 2010; 3 specimens (MNCN 16.01/14328), 13º44'26"N – 120º53'34"E, hidrozoans, gorgonians (Siphonogorgia sp.), ascidians (Atriolum sp.) and coral rubble, 2–4 m, 4 December 2010; 5 specimens (MNCN 16.01/14329), “Sombrero Island”, 13º41'51"N – 120º49'45"E, unidentified ramified sponges, 2–3 m deep, 6 December 2010; Palawan Island, El Nido: 1 specimen (MNCN 16.01/14330), “Popollcan”, 11º11'50"N – 119º17'06"E, coral rubble, 3 m deep, 15 December 2010; 1 specimen (MNCN 16.01/14331), “South Intalula”, 11º08'01"N – 119º19'02"E, sandy bottom, 5 m deep, 15 December 2010. Comparative material. Branchiosyllis maculata, 1 specimen (AM W41617) Cassini, stn 59/K10, Q3, 13°56' 01"S – 125° 37'09"E, mid-littoral reef platform, Flat reef pavement with an extensive cover of Sargassum sp. over a dusting of sediment, 0 m deep, Woodside Kimberley Survey 2010, 25 October 2010; 4 specimens (AM W30108), inshore reef off Neds Camp, Cape Range National Park, 21°59'S – 113°59'E, frilly Caulerpa sp., 1 m deep, 2 January 1984; 2 specimens (AM W30109) Bundegi Reef, Exmouth Gulf, 21°49'S – 114°11'E, rocky rubble with sediment, brown algae with epiphytic growth, intertidal, 4 January 1984; 3 specimens (AM W29519), N end of beach, Bundegi Reef, 21°49'S – 114°11'E, rocky rubble & brown alga with epiphytic growth, sticky sediment, 2 m deep, 4 January 1984. Branchiosyllis cirropunctata, 2 specimens (AM W30091), Goss Passage, Beacon Island, 28°25'30"S – 113°47'E, dead plates of Acropora sp. covered in coralline algae, 8 m deep, 19 May 1994; 1 specimen (AM W30092), NE entrance to Goss Passage, Beacon Island, 28°27'54"S – 113°46'42"E, dead plate-like Acropora sp., covered in coralline algae, 8 m deep, 25 May 1994; 1 specimen (AM W21993), Outer Koombana Bay, 33°18'46"S – 115°38'58"E, 9.4 m deep, 27 March 1993; 1 specimen (AM W30094), Pondalowie and Marion Bays, Yorke Peninsula, 35°14'S – 136°50'E, Caulerpa sp. and green algae 3 m deep, 22 February 1985. Branchiosyllis exilis, 4 specimens (AM W30095), Kimberley region, Bernouli Island, 15°S – 124°47'E, sandy substrate with coral rubble, intertidal, 12 July 1988; 1 (AM W30099), SW corner of Lucas Island, 15°13'S – 124°31'E, dead coral substrate, 2–30 m, 24 July 1988; 10 specimens (AM W30101), inshore reef off Neds Camp, Cape Range National Park, 21°59'S – 113°59'E, Caulerpa sp., 1 m deep, coll. J.K. Lowry, 2 January 1984. Description. Body cylindrical, ventrally flattened, pigmentated with one dorsal spot or narrow line of black pigment on middle of each segment from midbody parapodia and black spots on numerous articles of dorsal cirri. Prostomium rounded with four eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement. Median antenna longer than combined length of prostomium and palps, inserted between anterior eyes; lateral antennae inserted on anterior margin of prostomium, shorter than median antenna. Dorsal tentacular cirri similar in length to median antenna, ventral ones shorter than dorsal tentacular cirri. Dorsal cirri of first chaetiger longer than other ones; midbody and posterior dorsal cirri alternating long and short. Parapodial lobes distally bilobed. Anterior and midbody parapodia with dorsal compound bidentate chaetae dorsoventrally decreasing in length, and ventral unidentate chaetae, all of them with marginal spines; midbody parapodia present also two to three unidentate chaetae without spines, short shafts and short blades, some of them rotated 180º. In posterior parapodia these chaetae are more curved, becoming ungulae. Anterior parapodia each with three slender aciculae, two straight and pointed and one slightly oblique at tip; midbody and posterior segments with two to three aciculae protruding from parapodia, one or two straight and pointed, other slightly oblique at tip. Pharynx through about seven segments; pharyngeal tooth located anteriorly, surrounded by crown of ten soft papillae. Proventricle longer than pharynx, through 12 segments. Pygidium small, with 2 anal cirri similar in length to dorsal cirri. Some specimens with attached pink coloured acephalous stolon, small, short, with 6–8 chaetigers (Fig. 2D). Remarks. The studied specimens agree well with the original description of B. maculata, with the Australian material and with those described from Indonesia (Aguado et al. 2008). Branchiosyllis cirropunctata is a similar species, but it possesses ungulae in its far posterior segments with subdistal spurs on the head of the shaft. Branchiosyllis exilis differs in having anterior bidentate falcigers with more spines on edge of blades and larger than those of B. maculata. The colour pattern is also a very distinctive character in well preserved specimens. Habitat. Intertidal to shallow depths, among coral rubble, algae and sponges. Distribution. West Pacific Ocean (Southern Japan, Philippines, Australia), Indonesia., Published as part of Álvarez-Campos, Patricia, Martín, Guillermo San & Aguado, M. Teresa, 2012, The genus Branchiosyllis Ehlers, 1887 from Philippines Islands, with the description of two new species, pp. 49-68 in Zootaxa 3542 on pages 58-59, {"references":["Imajima, M. (1966) The Syllidae (Polychaetous Annelids) from Japan (V). Syllinae (2). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 14, 253 - 294.","Licher, F. (1999) Revision der Gattung Typosyllis Langerhans, 1879 (Polychaeta: Syllidae). Morphologie, Taxonomie und Phylogenie. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 551, 1 - 336.","San Martin, G., Hutchings, P. & Aguado, M. T. (2008) Syllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia. Part 1. Genera Branchiosyllis, Eurysyllis, Karroonsyllis, Parasphaerosyllis, Plakosyllis, Rhopalosyllis, Tetrapalpia n. gen., and Xenosyllis. Records of the Australian Museum, 60, 119 - 160."]}

Genus Branchiosyllis Ehlers, 1887 Branchiosyllis Ehlers 1887: 148; San Martín 2003: 332. Type species: Branchiosyllis oculata Ehlers 1887., Published as part of Álvarez-Campos, Patricia, Martín, Guillermo San & Aguado, M. Teresa, 2012, The genus Branchiosyllis Ehlers, 1887 from Philippines Islands, with the description of two new species, pp. 49-68 in Zootaxa 3542 on page 54, {"references":["Ehlers, E. (1887) Report on the annelids of the dredging expedition of the U. S. coast survey steamer \" Blake \". Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 15, 1 - 335.","San Martin, G. (2003) Annelida, Polychaeta II: Syllidae. In: Ramos, M. A. (Ed.), Fauna Iberica, Vol. 21. MuseoNacional de Ciencias Naturales CSIC, Madrid, pp. 1 - 554."]}